Meteorological Aspects of Wind Park Design

Green ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Emeis
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Solvable Model ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Momentum Balance ◽  
Optimum Distance ◽  
Wind Park

AbstractA simple consideration - based on an analytically solvable model of the momentum balance - is presented, which calculates the reduction in wind speed at hub height in an indefinitely large wind park as function of surface roughness, atmospheric thermal stability, and the mean distance between the wind turbines in this wind park. Weakest reduction occurs for a wind park erected on a rough land surface during unstable thermal stratification (minus 2%). Highest reduction occurs for an offshore wind park over a very smooth sea surface during stable thermal conditions (minus 45%). This model can be used to find the optimum distance between wind turbines in wind parks. Likewise this model calculates the wake length of entire wind parks as function of surface roughness and thermal stability. For offshore wind parks wake lengths between 10 and 30 km are found, for onshore parks this length is much less. This additional information can be used to find the optimum distance between adjacent wind parks.

scholarly journals Methodology for Calculating the Potential Maritime Wind Park Area by Taking into Account the Needs of Shipping Sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 06003
Author(s):  
Rijkure Astrida
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Wind Park

Renewable energy sources (wind energy, solar energy, hydroelectricity, ocean energy, geothermal energy, biomass and biofuels) are alternatives to fossil fuel that help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, diversify energy supplies and reduce dependency on markets of unsustainable and volatile fossil fuels, particularly oil and gas. Wind energy is one of the renewable energy sources and is considered to be self-renewable as it is the result of the Sun’s activity. Using wind energy is a rapidly developing industry today, and more and more wind turbines are installed worldwide every year, land-based wind turbines being more widespread than offshore ones. In Latvia, spread of land-based wind parks is hampered by unsettled land ownership rights, while the deployment of wind parks in the sea is a new field for all Baltic States. The neighbouring countries Estonia and Lithuania have developed their own projects for offshore wind parks, therefore the topicality of the development of wind farms in the territorial waters of Latvia has also increased. Experts have proposed best options and their locations. When assessing possibilities for development of wind parks and their capacity, the following economic factors were evaluated: construction and connection costs, potential operational costs and energy prices. The aim of this study is to develop the methodology for calculating the area of a potential wind park by considering the safety distance to shipping routes and height of the wind turbines, as well as for calculating the potential capacity of a wind park.

Pitch Angle Control of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines by H∞ Control

2014 ◽  
Vol 134 (8) ◽  
pp. 1096-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sho Tsujimoto ◽  
Ségolène Dessort ◽  
Naoyuki Hara ◽  
Keiji Konishi
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Pitch Angle ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Floating Offshore Wind Turbines

scholarly journals Maintenance Planning of Offshore Wind Turbine Using Condition Monitoring Information

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose´ G. Rangel-Rami´rez ◽  
John D. So̸rensen
Keyword(s):  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Maintenance Planning ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Inspection And Maintenance ◽  
Monitoring Information

Deterioration processes such as fatigue and corrosion are typically affecting offshore structures. To “control” this deterioration, inspection and maintenance activities are developed. Probabilistic methodologies represent an important tool to identify the suitable strategy to inspect and control the deterioration in structures such as offshore wind turbines (OWT). Besides these methods, the integration of condition monitoring information (CMI) can optimize the mitigation activities as an updating tool. In this paper, a framework for risk-based inspection and maintenance planning (RBI) is applied for OWT incorporating CMI, addressing this analysis to fatigue prone details in welded steel joints at jacket or tripod steel support structures for offshore wind turbines. The increase of turbulence in wind farms is taken into account by using a code-based turbulence model. Further, additional modes t integrate CMI in the RBI approach for optimal planning of inspection and maintenance. As part of the results, the life cycle reliabilities and inspection times are calculated, showing that earlier inspections are needed at in-wind farm sites. This is expected due to the wake turbulence increasing the wind load. With the integration of CMI by means Bayesian inference, a slightly change of first inspection times are coming up, influenced by the reduction of the uncertainty and harsher or milder external agents.

scholarly journals Improvement Dependability of Offshore Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbines by Applying New Mathematical Methods for Calculation the Excess Speed in Case of Wind Gusts

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3085
Author(s):  
Konstantin Osintsev ◽  
Seregei Aliukov ◽  
Alexander Shishkov
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Approximation Schemes ◽  
Calculation Error ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Wind Gusts ◽  
Gas Dynamic

The problem of increasing the reliability of wind turbines exists in the development of new offshore oil and natural gas fields. Reducing emergency situations is necessary due to the autonomous operation of drilling rigs and bulk seaports in the subarctic and Arctic climate. The relevance of the topic is linked with the development of a methodology for theoretical and practical studies of gas dynamics when gas flows in a pipe, based on a mathematical model using new mathematical methods for calculation of excess speeds in case of wind gusts. Problems in the operation of offshore wind turbines arise with storm gusts of wind, which is comparable to the wave movement of the gas flow. Thus, the scientific problem of increasing the reliability of wind turbines in conditions of strong wind gusts is solved. The authors indicate a gross error in the calculations when approximating through the use of the Fourier series. The obtained results will allow us to solve one of the essential problems of modeling at this stage of its development, namely: to reduce the calculation time and the adequacy of the model built for similar installations and devices. Experimental studies of gas-dynamic flows are carried out on the example of a physical model of a wind turbine. In addition, a computer simulation of the gas-dynamic flow process was carried out. The use of new approximation schemes in processing the results of experiments and computer simulation can reduce the calculation error by 1.2 percent.

scholarly journals Improving the Strategy of Maintaining Offshore Wind Turbines through Petri Net Modelling

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 574
Author(s):  
Rundong Yan ◽  
Sarah Dunnett
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Petri Net ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Major Repair ◽  
Wind Turbine System ◽  
Periodic Maintenance

In order to improve the operation and maintenance (O&M) of offshore wind turbines, a new Petri net (PN)-based offshore wind turbine maintenance model is developed in this paper to simulate the O&M activities in an offshore wind farm. With the aid of the PN model developed, three new potential wind turbine maintenance strategies are studied. They are (1) carrying out periodic maintenance of the wind turbine components at different frequencies according to their specific reliability features; (2) conducting a full inspection of the entire wind turbine system following a major repair; and (3) equipping the wind turbine with a condition monitoring system (CMS) that has powerful fault detection capability. From the research results, it is found that periodic maintenance is essential, but in order to ensure that the turbine is operated economically, this maintenance needs to be carried out at an optimal frequency. Conducting a full inspection of the entire wind turbine system following a major repair enables efficient utilisation of the maintenance resources. If periodic maintenance is performed infrequently, this measure leads to less unexpected shutdowns, lower downtime, and lower maintenance costs. It has been shown that to install the wind turbine with a CMS is helpful to relieve the burden of periodic maintenance. Moreover, the higher the quality of the CMS, the more the downtime and maintenance costs can be reduced. However, the cost of the CMS needs to be considered, as a high cost may make the operation of the offshore wind turbine uneconomical.

scholarly journals Offshore Wind Energy Resource Assessment across the Territory of Oman: A Spatial-Temporal Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2862
Author(s):  
Amer Al-Hinai ◽  
Yassine Charabi ◽  
Seyed H. Aghay Kaboli
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Wind Data ◽  
Offshore Wind Energy ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Potential

Despite the long shoreline of Oman, the wind energy industry is still confined to onshore due to the lack of knowledge about offshore wind potential. A spatial-temporal wind data analysis is performed in this research to find the locations in Oman’s territorial seas with the highest potential for offshore wind energy. Thus, wind data are statistically analyzed for assessing wind characteristics. Statistical analysis of wind data include the wind power density, and Weibull scale and shape factors. In addition, there is an estimation of the possible energy production and capacity factor by three commercial offshore wind turbines suitable for 80 up to a 110 m hub height. The findings show that offshore wind turbines can produce at least 1.34 times more energy than land-based and nearshore wind turbines. Additionally, offshore wind turbines generate more power in the Omani peak electricity demand during the summer. Thus, offshore wind turbines have great advantages over land-based wind turbines in Oman. Overall, this work provides guidance on the deployment and production of offshore wind energy in Oman. A thorough study using bankable wind data along with various logistical considerations would still be required to turn offshore wind potential into real wind farms in Oman.

Vibration Deformation Monitoring of Offshore Wind Turbines Based on GBIR

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-511
Author(s):  
Deming Ma ◽  
Yongsheng Li ◽  
Yanxiong Liu ◽  
Jianwei Cai ◽  
Rui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbines
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