Using Electrospun Scaffolds to Promote Macrophage Phenotypic Modulation and Support Wound Healing

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine R. Hixon ◽  
Andrew J. Dunn ◽  
Reynaldo Flores ◽  
Benjamin A. Minden-Birkenmaier ◽  
Emily A. Growney Kalaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Fibroblast Proliferation ◽  
Electrospun Scaffolds ◽  
Cord Injury

AbstractThe development of pressure ulcers in spinal cord injury patients is extremely common, often requiring extensive surgical procedures. Macrophages (MACs) play a crucial role in the innate immune system, contributing to wound healing and overall regeneration. MACs have been found to possess the potential to be activated by external factors from their M0 inactive state to an M1 proinflammatory or M2 regenerative state. This study conducted a comprehensive evaluation of MAC phenotype in response to electrospun scaffolds of varying material fiber/pore diameter, fiber stiffness, and +/− inclusion of platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Generally, itwas found that the addition of PRP resulted in decreased pore size, where 5 silk fibroin (SF) had the stiffest fibers. Furthermore, PRP scaffolds demonstrated an increased production of VEGF and chemotaxis. The polycaprolactone (PCL) and SF scaffolds had the largest cell infiltration and proliferation. Overall, it was found that 5% SF had both ideal fiber and pore structure, allowing for cell infiltration further enhanced by the presence of PRP. Additionally, this scaffold led to a reasonable production of VEGF while still allowing fibroblast proliferation to occur. These results suggest that such a scaffold could provide an off-the-shelf product capable of modifying the local MAC response.

scholarly journals The Effect of Topically Applied Boric Acid on Ephrin-Eph Pathway in Wound Treatment: An Experimental Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 153473462110552
Author(s):  
Başak Büyük ◽  
Cemre Aydeğer ◽  
Yasemen Adalı ◽  
Hüseyin Avni Eroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltration ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Fibroblast Proliferation ◽  
Accelerate Wound Healing ◽  
Wound Model ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Excisional Wound

Background: Wound healing has a vital importance for the organism and various agents are used to accelerate wound healing. Although the effect of boron on wound healing is known, its mechanisms are not completely clear yet. In this study, the effect of boron in the Ephrin /Eph pathway will be evaluated. Methods: Forty adult female rats were used in the study. A full-thickness excisional wound model was created in all groups divided as Control, Fito, Boron and Plu groups. After the applications performed twice a day and lasting 7 days, skin tissues obtained and evaluated histopathological (inflammatory cell infiltration, oedema, and fibroblast proliferation density) and immunohistochemical (TNF-α, EphrinA1, EphrinB1, EphrinB2 and EphB4). Results: Inflammatory cell infiltration score was found to be higher in the Fito group compared to Boron group (p = .018). Fibroblast proliferation density was higher in Plu group than Boron group (p = .012). While TNF-α was lower in boron group than Plu (p = .027) and Fito (p = .016) groups, EphrinA1 was higher in Boron group than Plu group (p = .005). EphrinB1 expression was higher in Boron group compared to Plu (p = .015) and Fito (p = .015) groups, and the same difference was also observed in EphrinB2 (p values .000). Similarly, EphB4 immunoreactivity was higher in the Boron group compared to Plu (p = .000) and Fito (p = .002). Conclusion: One of the mechanisms of action of boron in wound healing is to increase EphrinB1, EphrinB2 and EphB4. Low TNF-α and histopathological findings indicate that boron limits extensive wound healing.

scholarly journals For Better or for Worse: A Look Into Neutrophils in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Zivkovic ◽  
Maryam Ayazi ◽  
Grace Hammel ◽  
Yi Ren
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Injured Spinal Cord ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Molecular Patterns

Neutrophils are short-lived cells of the innate immune system and the first line of defense at the site of an infection and tissue injury. Pattern recognition receptors on neutrophils recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns or danger-associated molecular patterns, which recruit them to the destined site. Neutrophils are professional phagocytes with efficient granular constituents that aid in the neutralization of pathogens. In addition to phagocytosis and degranulation, neutrophils are proficient in creating neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that immobilize pathogens to prevent their spread. Because of the cytotoxicity of the associated granular proteins within NETs, the microbes can be directly killed once immobilized by the NETs. The role of neutrophils in infection is well studied; however, there is less emphasis placed on the role of neutrophils in tissue injury, such as traumatic spinal cord injury. Upon the initial mechanical injury, the innate immune system is activated in response to the molecules produced by the resident cells of the injured spinal cord initiating the inflammatory cascade. This review provides an overview of the essential role of neutrophils and explores the contribution of neutrophils to the pathologic changes in the injured spinal cord.

Emerging Scientist: Vocal Fold Immunology

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Suzanne N. King
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Benign Vocal Fold Lesions ◽  
The Voice

In adults the immune system is intimately involved in restoring function lost after injury. If it is poorly regulated, the initial protective reactions that encompass wound healing can lead to pathologic changes in the vocal fold that are particularly problematic to voice quality. Inflammatory injuries can contribute to pathophysiology of benign vocal fold lesions or scarring. Cells and molecules of the innate immune system are responsible for fighting off challenges and returning the tissue to its pre-injured state. This review briefly discusses aspects of the immune system with a focus on acute inflammation and confers immunological barriers to biomaterial and cell-based approaches for restoration of the voice. Increasing the awareness of laryngeal immunology will facilitate better understanding of the obstacles being faced in bench research and highlight the need for further work.

Neutrophil function in the healing wound: adding insult to injury?

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (08) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Dovi ◽  
Anna Szpaderska ◽  
Luisa DiPietro
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Wound Closure ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Neutrophil Function ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Normal Wound Healing ◽  
Healing Wound

SummaryCells of the innate immune system, including neutrophils and macrophages, are a highly visible component of normal wound healing in adult mammals. The role of inflammatory cells in the healing wound has been widely investigated, and evidence for both positive and negative influences exists. Several recent investigations support the emerging paradigm that robust inflammation is detrimental to wound closure. This developing information suggests that the functional role of inflammatory cells in wound healing must be reevaluated.

LP31: PROMOTION OF WOUND HEALING BY REGULATOR PROTEINS OF THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM

2010 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 724-725
Author(s):  
M. Kueckelhaus ◽  
M. Schulte ◽  
F. Jacobsen ◽  
S. Al-Benna ◽  
H.-U. Steinau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune
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