What did the Future hold for them? Different Types of Foreshadowing in Various Saga Genres

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristýna Králová
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Range ◽  
Old Norse ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Given ◽  
Subsequent Comparison

AbstractThe aim of this article is to show that foreshadowing in various types of Old Norse saga differs in both content and form. In the individual chapters typical features of foreshadowing in family, king’s and legendary sagas are described. These features are shown through the following categories: the form in which the given foreshadowing occurs (a dream, premonition, curse, etc.), the content of the given foreshadowing, the time extent of the foreshadowing (how far into the future the given foreshadowing extends) and geographical range (to what places the given foreshadowing is bound). The subsequent comparison of foreshadowing in various saga genres reveals great differences between these four categories. In the article’s conclusion, possible causes of these differences are suggested.

Estimation of critical gaps and follow-up times at median uncontrolled T-intersection

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-124
Author(s):  
Renata Żochowska ◽  
Adrian Barchański
Keyword(s):  
Limited Extent ◽  
Street Network ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Current Form ◽  
The Road ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Given ◽  
Point Type

The efficiency of the entire transportation system depends on the capacity of the individual elements that make up the given network. Point-type elements of the road and street network include intersections of different types. Critical gaps and follow-up times related to individual movements are important determinants of the capacity of such objects. There are many ways to estimate such times. The article discusses the assumptions and scheme one of them - the Siegloch method. The objective of the article is to analyze the process of determining critical gaps and follow-up times at the median uncontrolled T-intersections that are rare in the road and street network and have been studied to a limited extent. The commonly used HCM, HBS, and Polish (MOP SBS) methods in their current form do not consider the speci-ficity of such intersections and thus may not give reliable results. Due to their characteristics in terms of geometry conditions, there is a need for an individual approach to estimate both critical gaps and follow-up times. The article contains the results of empirical research conducted on a selected real object in the Upper Silesian agglomeration in Poland. The intersection under study is located in one of the central districts of Katowice city, in the built-up area serving commercial and service functions. The analysis of the behavior of individual drivers waiting for the possibility to continue driving was conducted separately for each minor traffic movement. The values of critical gaps and follow-up times were determined for all four subordinate movements. The values obtained are different from those contained in the Polish manual, which is recommended for use. The research should be considered as pilot studies that justify the need to develop a separate approach to the estimation of the critical gaps and follow-up times at median uncontrolled T-intersections.

OTL-PEM: an optimization-based two-layer pointwise ensemble of surrogate models

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Yong Pang ◽  
Yitang Wang ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Xueguan Song
Keyword(s):  
Cross Validation ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Surrogate Models ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Test Functions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Poor Individual ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Given ◽  
Model Selection Problem

Abstract The ensemble of surrogate models is increasingly implemented in practice for its more flexibility and robustness compared to the individual surrogate models. In this work, a novel pointwise ensemble of surrogate models named the optimization-based two-layer pointwise ensemble of surrogate model (OTL-PEM) is proposed. In the OTL-PEM, the framework of two-layer surrogate models is defined, where the data-surrogate models containing different types of individual surrogate models are to fit the given dataset, while the weight-surrogate models are modeled based on the cross-validation errors aiming to fit the pointwise weights of different individual surrogate models. To avoid the negative influence of the poor individual surrogate models, the model selection problem is transformed into several optimization problems which can be solved easily by the mature optimization algorithm to eliminate the globally poor surrogate models. In addition, the optimization space is extracted to alleviating the predictive instability caused by the extrapolation of the weight-surrogate models. Forty test functions are used to select the appropriate hyperparameters of the OTL-PEM, and to evaluate the performance of the OTL-PEM. The results indicate that the OTL-PEM can provide more accurate and robust approximation performance compared with individual surrogate models as well as other ensembles of surrogate models.

Administrative-Territorial Reform and Territorial-Economic Structures

2004 ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
N. Popadyuk
Keyword(s):  
Regional Policy ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Future ◽  
Surrounding Space ◽  
The Given

The article is devoted to social and cultural problems, essential in the light of formulating the tasks of the future administrative and territorial reform and constructing corresponding regional policy. The author describes the concept of territorial-economic structure, defining it according to social and economic attributes as the group of spatial social and economic systems integrated with surrounding space. Classification of territorial-economic structures as forms of rural and urban types of civilization is offered. Intercivilizational sociocultural "breaks" between different types of territorial-economic structures in Russia are shown. Opportunities of implementation of the given approach in forming national regional policy are considered.

Embodied displacements in young German children’s storytelling

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 168-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivien Heller
Keyword(s):  
Picture Book ◽  
Book Reading ◽  
Lexical Resources ◽  
Narrative Space ◽  
Multimodal Analysis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Picture Book Reading ◽  
The Given

This paper is concerned with embodied processes of joint imagination in young children’s narrative interactions. Based on Karl Bühler’s notion of ‘deixis in the imagination’, it examines in detail how a 19-month-old German-speaking child, engaged in picture book reading with his mother, brings about different subtypes of deixis in the imagination by either ‘displacing’ what is absent into the given order of perception (e.g. by using the hand as a token for an object) or displacing his origo to an imagined space (e.g. by kinaesthetically aligning his body with an imagined body and animating his movements). Drawing on multimodal analysis and the concept of layering in interaction, the study analyses the ways in which the picture book as well as deictic, depictive, vocal and lexical resources are coordinated to evoke a narrative space, co-enact the storybook character’s experiences and produce reciprocal affect displays. Findings demonstrate that different types of displacement are in play quite early in childhood; displacements in the dimension of space and person are produced through layerings of spaces, voices and bodies.

Hermeneutic circle in development of methodological culture of future music teacher

2017 ◽  
pp. 154-158
Author(s):  
A. S. Koval
Keyword(s):  
Future Teacher ◽  
Music Teacher ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Hermeneutic Circle ◽  
High Culture ◽  
Text Understanding ◽  
Hermeneutic Approach ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Positive Effect

This article is devoted to the studying hermeneutic circle in the development of methodological culture of future music teacher. Under the conditions of globalization processes, tendencies of convergence of world cultures improvement of culturological training of student youth requires new approaches, in particular, culturological training of students of pedagogical specialties. The task of pedagogical education is to develop a teacher as a specialist and as a person of high culture, who has a special positive effect on the personality of school student. This article analyses the works of scientists dedicated to the issues of establishment and development of the hermeneutic approach in philosophical, psychological, and logical and gnosiological contexts. It is defined the essence of the concept of “hermeneutic circle” as one of the basic principles of the hermeneutic approach. There have been provided the examples of interpretation of the principle of hermeneutic circle by various scientists. Hermeneutic approach is applied in sciences such as pedagogy, psychology, economics, sociology etc. In pedagogical science the hermeneutic approach at the level of conceptual use was elaborated by A. Zakirova. She introduced the term “pedagogical hermeneutics”. Hermeneutic circle as a principle of text understanding is based on the interrelation of the part and the whole. Understanding of the whole consists of the understanding of the individual parts, and understanding of the parts requires understanding of the whole. The concepts of the part and the whole are correlated: the text is a part concerning the whole creative activity of the author, which in its turn is a part of the particular genre or literature in general, as well as the part of spiritual life and biography of the author. The idea of hermeneutic circle means also that there is no understanding of the text without certain prerequisites: understanding is preceded by some idea of what is yet to understand. There have been determined the peculiarities of the use of the principle of hermeneutic circle in the development of methodological culture of the future teacher of musical art. In light of hermeneutical trends, the penetration of which in the realm of musical art can be traced quite clearly, the use of the hermeneutic circle principle in the development of methodological culture of the future teacher of musical art appears not only in the narrow interpretation of the particular phenomenon or group of phenomena, but much wider — as a means of learning and understanding of the worldview by a person.

CREATING THE SITUATION OF SUCCESS IN THE HUMAN SCIENCES – A PREREQUISITE FOR THE HUMANIZATION OF EDUCATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Ayta Sakun ◽  
Tatiana Kadlubovich ◽  
Darina Chernyak
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Creative Potential ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
Future Success ◽  
Cognitive Motivation ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Individual

The problem of success became relevant at the beginning of the XXI century. Everyone strives to succeed, to be confident in themselves and in the future. Success is recognized as one of the needs of the individual. Reforming modern education is designed to make it human-centered, effective, close to the practical needs of the learner. The humanization of education is impossible without creating situations of success in learning. Such situations activate a person's cognitive motivation, reveal his creative potential, make a person strong and confident. To create situations of success, teachers use a variety of methods and tools that enhance the cognitive activity of students.

A Handbook to Eddic Poetry: Myths and Legends of Early Scandinavia, ed. Carolyne Larrington, Judy Quinn, and Brittany Schorn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016, xii, 413 pp., 12 b/w ill.

Mediaevistik ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 366-366
Author(s):  
Albrecht Classen
Keyword(s):  
Old Norse ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
Individual Contributions ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Made In ◽  
Scandinavian Literature

Eddic poetry constitutes one of the most important genres in Old Norse or Scandinavian literature and has been studied since the earliest time of modern-day philology. The progress we have made in that field is impressive, considering the many excellent editions and translations, not to mention the countless critical studies in monographs and articles. Nevertheless, there is always a great need to revisit, to summarize, to review, and to digest the knowledge gained so far. The present handbook intends to address all those goals and does so, to spell it out right away, exceedingly well. But in contrast to traditional concepts, the individual contributions constitute fully developed critical article, each with a specialized topic elucidating it as comprehensively as possible, and concluding with a section of notes. Those are kept very brief, but the volume rounds it all off with an inclusive, comprehensive bibliography. And there is also a very useful index at the end. At the beginning, we find, following the table of contents, a list of the contributors, unfortunately without emails, a list of translations and abbreviations of the titles of Eddic poems in the Codex Regius and then elsewhere, and a very insightful and pleasant introduction by Carolyne Larrington. She briefly introduces the genre and then summarizes the essential points made by the individual authors. The entire volume is based on the Eddic Network established by the three editors in 2012, and on two workshops held at St. John’s College, Oxford in 2013 and 2014.

Application of the turbidity ratio method in the spherical particle size determination in the range m ∈ and α ∈

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 2064-2078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blahoslav Sedláček ◽  
Břetislav Verner ◽  
Miroslav Bárta ◽  
Karel Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Spherical Particle ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Relative Refractive Index ◽  
Particle Size Determination ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Given ◽  
Turbidity Ratio ◽  
Selection Of

Basic scattering functions were used in a novel calculation of the turbidity ratios for particles having the relative refractive index m = 1.001, 1.005 (0.005) 1.315 and the size α = 0.05 (0.05) 6.00 (0.10) 15.00 (0.50) 70.00 (1.00) 100, where α = πL/λ, L is the diameter of the spherical particle, λ = Λ/μ1 is the wavelength of light in a medium with the refractive index μ1 and Λ is the wavelength of light in vacuo. The data are tabulated for the wavelength λ = 546.1/μw = 409.357 nm, where μw is the refractive index of water. A procedure has been suggested how to extend the applicability of Tables to various refractive indices of the medium and to various turbidity ratios τa/τb obtained with the individual pairs of wavelengths λa and λb. The selection of these pairs is bound to the sequence condition λa = λ0χa and λb = λ0χb, in which b-a = δ = 1, 2, 3; a = -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, ..., b = a + δ = -1, 0, 1, 2, ...; λ0 = λa=0 = 326.675 nm; χ = 546.1 : 435.8 = 1.2531 is the quotient of the given sequence.

Pathways to Success Through Identity-Based Motivation

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphna Oyserman
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Core ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
The Future ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Future Self ◽  
Fidelity Measures ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Taking Action ◽  
Minimal Effort

Everyone can imagine their future self, even very young children, and this future self is usually positive and education-linked. To make progress toward an aspired future or away from a feared future requires people to plan and take action. Unfortunately, most people often start too late and commit minimal effort to ineffective strategies that lead their attention elsewhere. As a result, their high hopes and earnest resolutions often fall short. In Pathways to Success Through Identity-Based Motivation Daphna Oyserman focuses on situational constraints and affordances that trigger or impede taking action. Focusing on when the future-self matters and how to reduce the shortfall between the self that one aspires to become and the outcomes that one actually attains, Oyserman introduces the reader to the core theoretical framework of identity-based motivation (IBM) theory. IBM theory is the prediction that people prefer to act in identity-congruent ways but that the identity-to-behavior link is opaque for a number of reasons (the future feels far away, difficulty of working on goals is misinterpreted, and strategies for attaining goals do not feel identity-congruent). Oyserman's book goes on to also include the stakes and how the importance of education comes into play as it improves the lives of the individual, their family, and their society. The framework of IBM theory and how to achieve it is broken down into three parts: how to translate identity-based motivation into a practical intervention, an outline of the intervention, and empirical evidence that it works. In addition, the book also includes an implementation manual and fidelity measures for educators utilizing this book to intervene for the improvement of academic outcomes.

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