A Study on Bandwidth and Performance Limitations of Array Vibration Harvester Configurations

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noha Aboulfotoh ◽  
Jens Twiefel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Power Capability

Abstract Many researchers introduced an array of generators for broadband energy harvesting. The array has been studied in comparison to a single element from this array, but never compared to a single reference harvester with same volume as the whole array. This paper presents a theoretical study of evaluating the performance of the array harvester in comparison to the reference harvester. Power from the reference harvester as well as from the array is analytically calculated. The array is compared to the reference harvester when loaded by their optimal resistances which provide maximum power capability. The comparison is divided into two sections: firstly when the elements of the array are tuned to resonate at matching frequencies and secondly when they are tuned to non-matching resonance frequencies. The comparisons lead to two significant limits of the working bandwidth of the array: the lower and the upper limit. Between the two limits, the power produced from the array is less than the reference harvester, but with a small additional bandwidth. Below the lower limit, the array has no advantage over the reference harvester. Above the upper limit, output power of the array is inconsistent. Hence, design guidelines for the array are provided.

РАЗРАБОТКА СВЧ МОНОЛИТНЫХ ИНТЕГРАЛЬНЫХ СХЕМ МИЛЛИМЕТРОВОГО ДИАПАЗОНА НА ОСНОВЕ GAAS ДЛЯ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОКОММУНИКАЦИОННЫХ СИСТЕМАХ НОВОГО ПОКОЛЕНИЯ (5G)

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (3s) ◽  
pp. 321-324
Author(s):  
Е.В. Ерофеев ◽  
Д.А. Шишкин ◽  
В.В. Курикалов ◽  
А.В. Когай ◽  
И.В. Федин
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Power Amplifier ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Phase Shifter ◽  
Phase Error ◽  
Microwave Integrated Circuit ◽  
Gain Compression ◽  
Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Power Capability

В данной работе представлены результаты разработки СВЧ монолитной интегральной схемы шестиразрядного фазовращателя и усилителя мощности диапазона частот 26-30 ГГц. СКО ошибки по фазе и амплитуде фазовращателя составили 1,2 град. и 0,13 дБ соответственно. Максимальная выходная мощность и КПД по добавленной мощности усилителя в точке сжатия Ку на 1 дБ составили 30 дБм и 20 % соответственно. This paper describes the design, layout, and performance of 6-bit phase shifter and power amplifier monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC), 26-30 GHz band. Phase shifter MMIC has RMS phase error of 1.2 deg. And RMD amplitude error is 0.13 dB. MMIC power amplifier has output power capability of 30 dBm at 1 dB gain compression (P-1dB) and PAE of 20 %.

LTCC Piezoelectric Transducer for Energy Harvesting

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (CICMT) ◽  
pp. 000105-000111
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz P. Dabrowski ◽  
Slawomir Owczarzak ◽  
Henryk Roguszczak ◽  
Leszek J. Golonka
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Piezoelectric Transducer ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Optimum Load ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

In this paper, design, technology and properties of multi cantilever transducer for energy harvesting application were described. The piezoelectric transducer was made in LTCC (Low Temperature Cofired Ceramics) technology using PZT (Lead Zirconate-Titanate) based tape. In such devices the highest power can be reached at resonance frequencies of the cantilevers. Eight bimorph transducers with lengths corresponding to 33, 50, 58, 66, 75, 82, 91 and 100 Hz resonant frequency, were designed. The transducers were polarized in serial or parallel configuration. To avoid voltage reduction in the system of a few piezoelectric bimorphs, rectifiers were applied for each cantilever. Transducers had optimum resistance in ranges of 60–140 kΩ and 300–600 kΩ for bimorphs poled in parallel and serial configuration, respectively. The mean output power under sinusoidal excitation with 20 μm vibration amplitude calculated from all maxima at resonant frequencies for optimum load, were equal to 10.3 μW and 12.4μW for parallel and serial configurations with rectifier. Without rectifier the values were equal to 18.2 μW for both the transducers. In case of mean output power, the difference between both the transducers was not really significant, however at higher frequency the maximum power was higher for serial configuration. Besides, the output voltage obtained in serial bimorph was higher than in parallel one. The mean power density for all the resonant peaks measured at 0.41 g was equal to 210 μW/cm3/g and 360 μW/cm3/g with and without rectifier, respectively.

scholarly journals A Novel Design of Water-Flow Based Electrical Generator as an Energy Harvesting Device

2018 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Hamdy A. Ziedan ◽  
Ibraheem M. Fayed ◽  
Alaa Eldin M. Abofard
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Electrical Generator ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Mobile Computers

This paper is aimed to investigate, experimentally, new two designs of Energy Harvesting Device: Water-Flow Based Electrical Generator (WEG). This device directly converts the motion of water inside a permanent magnet tube to electricity. Its output power is affected by several parameters such as permanent-magnet tube diameter, its length, water velocity and the concentration of minerals in the water (fresh, sewage or sea water). The relationship and dependency of these parameters are examined experimentally to obtain a set of graphs which can determine the suitability and performance of the proposed model for different applications. Advantages of these new models are clean power resource, simple and non-expensive design. The output power of these generators can power or recharge cell phones, mobile computers, radio communication equipment, stairs lighting of residential towers, commercial street signs, inside sea signs, etc.

scholarly journals Piezoelectric Vibration-Based Energy Harvesting Enhancement Exploiting Nonsmoothness

Actuators ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Ai ◽  
Luciana Monteiro ◽  
Paulo Monteiro ◽  
Pedro Pacheco ◽  
Marcelo Savi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
Dynamical Analysis ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Energy Capacity ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Displacement Constraints ◽  
Piezoelectric Vibration

Piezoelectric vibration-based energy harvesting systems have been used as an interesting alternative power source for actuators and portable devices. These systems have an inherent disadvantage when operating in linear conditions, presenting a maximum power output by matching their resonance frequencies with the ambient source frequencies. Based on that, there is a significant reduction of the output power due to small frequency deviations, resulting in a narrowband harvester system. Nonlinearities have been shown to play an important role in enhancing the harvesting capacity. This work deals with the use of nonsmooth nonlinearities to obtain a broadband harvesting system. A numerical investigation is undertaken considering a single-degree-of-freedom model with a mechanical end-stop. The results show that impacts can strongly modify the system dynamics, resulting in an increased broadband output power harvesting performance and introducing nonlinear effects as dynamical jumps. Nonsmoothness can increase the bandwidth of the harvesting system but, on the other hand, limits the energy capacity due to displacement constraints. A parametric analysis is carried out monitoring the energy capacity, and two main end-stop characteristics are explored: end-stop stiffness and gap. Dynamical analysis using proper nonlinear tools such as Poincaré maps, bifurcation diagrams, and phase spaces is performed together with the analysis of the device output power and efficiency. This offers a deep comprehension of the energy harvesting system, evaluating different possibilities related to complex behaviors such as dynamical jumps, bifurcations, and chaos.

Modeling and Analysis of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Beams Using the Dynamic Stiffness and Analytical Modal Analysis Methods

2010 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bonello ◽  
S. Rafique
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Modal Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Dynamic Stiffness ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting ◽  
Arbitrary Boundary ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
Tip Mass

The modeling and analysis of base-excited piezoelectric energy harvesting beams have attracted many researchers with the aim of predicting the electrical output for a given base motion input. Despite this, it is only recently that an accurate model based on the analytical modal analysis method (AMAM) has been developed. Moreover, single-degree-of-freedom models are still being used despite the proven potential for significant error. One major disadvantage of the AMAM is that it is restricted to simple cantilevered uniform-section beams. This paper presents two alternative modeling techniques for energy harvesting beams and uses these techniques in a theoretical study of a bimorph. One of the methods is a novel application of the dynamic stiffness method (DSM) to the modeling of energy harvesting beams. This method is based on the exact solution of the wave equation and so obviates the need for modal transformation. The dynamic stiffness matrix of a uniform-section beam could be used in the modeling of beams with arbitrary boundary conditions or assemblies of beams of different cross sections. The other method is a much-needed reformulation of the AMAM that condenses the analysis to encompass all previously analyzed systems. The Euler–Bernoulli model with piezoelectric coupling is used and the external electrical load is represented by generic linear impedance. Simulations verify that, with a sufficient number of modes included, the AMAM result converges to the DSM result. A theoretical study of a bimorph investigates the effect of the impedance and quantifies the tuning range of the resonance frequencies under variable impedance. The neutralizing effect of a tuned harvester on the vibration at its base is investigated using the DSM. The findings suggest the potential of the novel concept of a variable capacitance adaptive vibration neutralizer that doubles as an adaptive energy harvester. The application of the DSM to more complex systems is illustrated. For the case studied, a significant increase in the power generated was achieved for a given working frequency through the application of a tip rotational restraint, the use of segmented electrodes, and a resized tip mass.

A Compact Multi-Input Power Conversion System with High Time-Efficiency Inductor–Sharing Technique for Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 1640007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Lun Chang ◽  
Tai-Cheng Lee
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Power Extraction ◽  
Thermoelectric Energy ◽  
Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting ◽  
Energy Harvesting System ◽  
Power Capability

A compact multi-input thermoelectric energy harvesting system implemented in a 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m CMOS technology is proposed to extract electrical energy from human body heat. By combining the techniques on inductor sharing and bidirectional power converter, the harvesting- and regulating-stage circuits in conventional energy harvesting system can be merged into a single-stage circuit. With the proposed duty-cycle-based strategy for maximum power extraction and the high-efficiency timing scheme for inductor sharing, the proposed multi-input thermoelectric energy harvesting system can ensure optimal power transfer from each thermoelectric energy source without sacrificing power conversion efficiency (PCE) and maximum output power capability. The peak PCE is achieved at 58.5%, the maximum end-to-end output power is 2.43[Formula: see text]mW, and the maximum output power capability is 32.4[Formula: see text]mW while the storage capacitor is fully charged.

scholarly journals Nonlinear dynamics and performance enhancement of asymmetric potential bistable energy harvester

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Bistable Systems ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Enhancement Method ◽  
Open Issue ◽  
And Performance

Bistable systems exhibiting complex dynamic behaviors have been viewed as efficientmethods to overcome the issue of linear energy harvesters only performing well near their resonance frequencies. Moreover, performance enhancement strategies of bistable energy harvesters have been extensively discussed for perfectly symmetric potentials. Due to imperfects caused by non-uniform manufacturing of the harvester, eccentricity of the buckling or magnetic force, and uneven gravity, dynamic characteristics and performance enhancement of asymmetric potential energy harvesting remain an open issue. Therefore, this paper investigates the influence mechanism and performance enhancement method of cantilever-based bistable energy harvesting systems with asymmetric potentials. Bifurcation diagram is employed to discover the effect of asymmetric potentials on the output response of the dimensionless electromechanical equation. Based on the numerical results, a performance enhancement method is proposed by compensating the asymmetric potentials with a proper bias of the system for decreasing the negative impact of asymmetric potentials on bistable energy harvesting. The optimum bias angle is derived and numerical simulations under constant and sweep frequency excitations demonstrate that the performance of the asymmetric potential BEHs is enhanced in a certain bias angle range around the optimum value.

PNN and BP Neural Network Fault Diagnosis Research on Electronic Accelerator Pedal Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-220
Author(s):  
Yuxiu Jiang ◽  
Xiaohuan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Fault Detection ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Bp Neural Network ◽  
Accelerator Pedal ◽  
Electronic Throttle ◽  
Measured Voltage ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Network Fault

Background: The working state of electronic accelerator pedal directly affects the safety of vehicles and drivers. Effective fault detection and judgment for the working state of the accelerator pedal can prevent accidents. Methods: Aiming at different working conditions of electronic accelerator pedal, this paper used PNN and BP diagnosis model to detect the state of electronic accelerator pedal according to the principle and characteristics of PNN and BP neural network. The fault diagnosis test experiment of electronic accelerator pedal was carried out to get the data acquisition. Results: After the patents for electronic accelerator pedals are queried and used, the first measured voltage, the upper limit of first voltage, the first voltage lower limit, the second measured voltage, the upper limit of second voltage and the second voltage lower limit are tested to build up the data samples. Then the PNN and BP fault diagnosis models of electronic accelerator pedal are established. Six fault samples are defined through the design of electronic accelerator pedal fault classifier and the fault diagnosis processes are executed to test. Conclusion: The fault diagnosis results were analyzed and the comparisons between the PNN and the BP research results show that BP neural network is an effective method for fault detection of electronic throttle pedal, which is obviously superior to PNN neural network based on the experiment data.

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