A Perspective: Could Carbon Current Collectors Improve the Energy Density of Aqueous Alkaline Symmetric Supercapacitors?

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemesh Avireddy ◽  
Joan Ramon Morante ◽  
Cristina Flox
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Current Collector ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Electrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Current Collectors ◽  
Collector System ◽  
Symmetric Supercapacitor

AbstractThe present discussion shows a perspective about using graphite as a current collector in order to achieve high energy density in a symmetric supercapacitor system. Several electrochemical modes (such as rest potential analysis, CV, PEIS, GCPL) were carried out to evaluate the electrochemical characteristics of graphite in aqueous 6 mol/L KOH. And, the resulting performance was compared to an another conventional current collector system based on nickel-stainless steel. Interestingly, widening of cell voltage was observed for graphite when compared to nickel-stainless steel. The discussion reveals the reasonable influences and validations of widening in cell voltage towards the values in energy densities. This perspective also highlights some issues related to carbon (graphite) current collectors and encloses with some promising strategies in overcoming these issues, not limiting the domain of application (either micro or macro supercapacitor devices).

Electrochemically Reduced Ultra-high Mass Loading Three-Dimensional Carbon Nanofiber Network: A Reproducible and Stable Cell Voltage of 2.0 V and High Energy Density Symmetric Supercapacitor

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunendra Prasad Ojha ◽  
Bishweshwar Pant ◽  
Jiwan Acharya ◽  
Mira Park
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Mass Loading ◽  
Symmetric Supercapacitor

Commercial supercapacitors need high mass loading of more than 10 mg cm-2 and a high working potential window to resolve the low energy density concern. Herein, we have demonstrated a...

Nonmetal Current Collectors: The Key Component for High‐Energy‐Density Aluminum Batteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (42) ◽  
pp. 2001212
Author(s):  
Li‐Li Chen ◽  
Wei‐Li Song ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Handong Jiao ◽  
Xue Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Current Collectors

scholarly journals A Minimal Volume Hermetic Packaging Design for High-Energy-Density Micro-Energy Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2492
Author(s):  
Xiujun Yue ◽  
Jessica Grzyb ◽  
Akaash Padmanabha ◽  
James H. Pikul
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Energy Storage Materials ◽  
Current Collectors ◽  
Minimal Volume ◽  
Hermetic Packaging ◽  
Packaging Strategy

Hermetic packaging is critical to the function of many microscale energy storage and harvesting devices. State-of-the-art hermetic packaging strategies for energy technologies, however, are designed for macroscale devices and dramatically decrease the fraction of active materials when applied to micro-energy systems. We demonstrated a minimal volume hermetic packaging strategy for micro-energy systems that increased the volume of active energy storage materials by 2× and 5× compared to the best lab scale microbatteries and commercial pouch cells. The minimal volume design used metal current collectors as a multifunctional hermetic shell and laser-machined hot melt tape to provide a thin, robust hermetic seal between the current collectors with a stronger adhesion to metals than most commercial adhesives. We developed the packaging using commercially available equipment and materials, and demonstrated a strategy that could be applied to many kinds of micro-energy systems with custom shape configurations. This minimal, versatile packaging has the potential to improve the energy density of current micro-energy systems for applications ranging from biomedical devices to micro-robots.

scholarly journals Nonaqueous redox-flow batteries: organic solvents, supporting electrolytes, and redox pairs

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 3515-3530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Gong ◽  
Qianrong Fang ◽  
Shuang Gu ◽  
Sam Fong Yau Li ◽  
Yushan Yan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Redox Flow Battery ◽  
High Cell ◽  
Redox Flow Batteries ◽  
Working Temperature ◽  
Wide Range

As members of the redox-flow battery (RFB) family, nonaqueous RFBs can offer a wide range of working temperature, high cell voltage, and potentially high energy density.

Highly Efficient Conversion of Ammonia in Electricity by Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. J. Dekker ◽  
G. Rietveld
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Oxide Fuel

Hydrogen is the fuel for fuel cells with the highest cell voltage. A drawback for the use of hydrogen is the low energy density storage capacity, even at high pressures. Liquid fuels such as gasoline and methanol have a high energy density but lead to the emission of the greenhouse gas CO2. Ammonia could be the ideal bridge fuel, having a high energy density at relative low pressure and no (local) CO2 emission. Ammonia as a fuel for the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) appears to be very attractive, as shown by cell tests with electrolyte supported cells (ESC) as well as anode supported cells (ASC) with an active area of 81cm2. The cell voltage was measured as function of the electrical current, temperature, gas composition and ammonia (NH3) flow. With NH3 as fuel, electrical cell efficiencies up to 70% (LHV) can be achieved at 0.35A∕cm2 and 60% (LHV) at 0.6A∕cm2. The cell degradation during 3000 h of operation was comparable with H2 fueled measurements. Due to the high temperature and the catalytic active Ni∕YSZ anode, NH3 cracks at the anode into H2 and N2 with a conversion of >99.996%. The high NH3 conversion is partly due to the withdrawal of H2 by the electrochemical cell reaction. The remaining NH3 will be converted in the afterburner of the system. The NOx outlet concentration of the fuel cell is low, typically <0.5ppm at temperatures below 950°C and around 4ppm at 1000°C. A SOFC system fueled with ammonia is relative simple compared with a carbon containing fuel, since no humidification of the fuel is necessary. Moreover, the endothermic ammonia cracking reaction consumes part of the heat produced by the fuel cell, by which less cathode cooling air is required compared with H2 fueled systems. Therefore, the system for a NH3 fueled SOFC will have relatively low parasitic power losses and relative small heat exchangers for preheating the cathode air flow.

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