How To Make Pure Mathematical Ideas Clear

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Main Difficulty ◽  
Mathematical Ideas ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
Pure Mathematics ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
Logic Of Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Pragmatic Maxim

AbstractPeirce expressed his pragmatic maxim in the 1870s. If, as Peirce maintained, this original definition is a maxim of logic, it is mainly a maxim of the logic of science, as the title “Illustrations of the Logic of Science” indicates. Pure mathematical conceptions, and the logic of mathematics, if not totally excluded, have at least not been emphasized. During his years at Johns Hopkins University, pure mathematics became his subject of most concern, while logic was also conceived as semiotics during this time. So around the turn of the century, when the popular movement of pragmatism began with James’ “Berkeley Address”, Peirce found that the main difficulty with his original definition of the pragmatic maxim was how to make pure mathematical conceptions clear. He mentioned this problem repeatedly but only gave a tentative solution admitting that, at least according to his original definition, some meanings of pure mathematical conceptions cannot be clarified. This, I believe, is the most important reason for Peirce’s renaming and redefining the pragmatic maxim in semiotic terms. If other pragmatists, and scholars of pragmatism, had noticed this, then most criticisms of pragmatism could have been avoided and the history of pragmatism may have taken a different direction.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Cardon
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
New South ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
International Expositions ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

The introduction argues that the Atlanta and Nashville international expositions were spaces through which white and African American southerners exhibited themselves as modern citizens committed to joining the nation in an imperial future. For the New South ideologues who backed the fairs, the expositions were more than celebratory carnivals advertising the region’s resources; they were didactic events that would modernize the region’s rural population and convince the world of the South’s modernity. The introduction contextualizes the fairs within the New South, provides a history of Atlanta and Nashville as quintessential New South cities, offers a definition of modernity, and poses the question of why mass and speed were alien to turn-of-the-century southerners.

scholarly journals Kuhn’s philosophy of science of early and transitional period: Paradigms and incommensurability

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 69-103
Author(s):  
Nebojsa Lukic
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Conceptual Network ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of

Even though Thomas Kuhn was a physicist by formal education, he is better known for his achievements in philosophy of science than in science itself. He was primarily concerned with history of science and subjects such as development of science, growth of scientific knowledge, changes in science and others. In that sense Kuhn was focused on giving the correct description of scientific reality in human history, that is, on giving the description of the most relevant elements of scientific research. Kuhn claims that scientists base their research on paradigms which are the key factor in scientific practice overall. All other concepts of Kuhn?s philosophy - such as, for instance, normal science, revolutionary science, incommensurability of paradigms - gain their meaning in relation to the concept of a paradigm. However, the concept of a paradigm in its original definition was very problematic, which, later on, led Kuhn to make its meaning more precise. Hence, the task of this paper is to illuminate the nature of that central concept i.e. to determine the essential features of a paradigm in relation to the rest of the conceptual network of Kuhn?s theory, and therefore its role in science and in that conceptual network. At the same time, the meaning of all those elements of Kuhnian science which are in direct relation to the paradigm will be illuminated. I will restrict my research on early and transitional period of Kuhn?s creatorship, and I base this distinction on Sankey?s analysis. The difference between these two periods is determined by Kuhn?s thinking about the formulation of the thesis of incommensurability of paradigms. Accordingly, it is necessary to deal with definition of incommensurability, its division to types and Kuhn?s view on implications of incommensurability for science and its progress.

scholarly journals The problem of intentionality in the school of Brentano

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-94
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Seliverstov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Franz Brentano ◽  
Bernard Bolzano ◽  
Empirical Point ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

From the moment Franz Brentano formulated his definition of intentionality, it imme­diately began to undergo modifications in the works of his students. Brentano’s original definition included reference to the scholastic tradition, but it differs from the one that was formulated by the scholastics. In his work “Psychology from an Empirical Point of View”, Brentano defines intentionality both as an orientation towards an object and as a relation to some content, but at no later time, neither in this work, nor in other published works, does he clarify the meaning of the concept of «content». In this regard, the stu­dents and interpreters of Brentano’s works had a question: does the scheme of inten­tionality consist exclusively of an intentional act and an object, or does it also include the content of a representation? Brentano’s disciples did not view this definition as clear and unambiguous. In order to clarify this concept, they often studied other similar philo­sophical conceptions in search of a more precise definition. In particular, they looked for a similar concept in the theory of Bernard Bolzano. The first version of the schema of in­tentionality, including the content of representation, appeared in the works of Hoeffler and Twardowski. For this reason, for a long time they were considered by historians to be the discoverers of the distinction between object and content. However, after the notes of Brentano’s lectures, which he also read to his students, were recovered, it became clear that Brentano himself made this distinction. In this regard, it seems extremely important to interpret the history of the relationships in the Brentano school through the prism of the discussions devoted to the definition of intentionality and the structure of an inten­tional act, as well as to understand the origins of each individual interpretation of this concept proposed by Brentano’s students

Review: Mathematics, Culture, and Power

1998 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-363
Author(s):  
Richard S. Kitchen ◽  
Joanne Rossi Becker
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
Mathematical Community ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Mathematical Ideas ◽  
Tribal Societies ◽  
History Of ◽  
P 16 ◽  
Definition Of

Arthur B. Powell and Marilyn Frankenstein's new book, Ethnomathematics: Challenging Eurocentrism in Mathematics Education, illuminates for our consideration a body of very practical mathematical knowledge largely discounted in the traditional mathematical community when compared with the abstract, theoretical mathematical knowledge typically valued highly by mathematicians. Ethnomathematics has caused us to call into question which mathematical knowledge really counts and thus has come to signify more than just “the study of mathematical ideas of nonliterate peoples” (a definition first offered by Marcia and Robert Ascher in the early 1980s in their paper, “Ethnomathematics,” reprinted as chapter 2 of this volume, p. 26). Editors Powell and Frankenstein use, instead, the broader definition of ethnomathematics provided in the book's opening chapter, “Ethnomathematics and Its Place in the History and Pedagogy of Mathematics,” by Ubiratan D'Ambrosio, a Brazilian mathematics educator whom many consider the intellectual progenitor of ethnomathematics. D'Ambrosio defines ethnomathematics as the mathematics that all cultural groups engage in, including “national tribal societies, labor groups, children of a certain age bracket, professional classes, and so on” (p. 16). Each group, including mathematicians, has its own mathematics. From D'Ambrosio's perspective, ethnomathematics exists at the confluence of the history of mathematics and cultural anthropology, overcoming the Egyptian/Greek differentiation between practical and academic mathematics.

scholarly journals Developing critical organizational history: Context, practice and implications

Organization ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 135050841988338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Durepos ◽  
Ellen C. Shaffner ◽  
Scott Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Historical Research ◽  
Business History ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
Organizational History ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Interdisciplinary Dialogue ◽  
The Social ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

Historical research now has a relatively high profile in organization studies, and organization theories are better represented in business history, thanks to increased interdisciplinary dialogue over the last decade. It might therefore be that the ‘historic turn’ has materialized in organization studies, and that business history has become significantly more conceptual in nature. We argue, however, that in terms of the original definition of the historic turn, as a rejection of scientism, acceptance of more heterogeneous forms of history, and reflexive accounts of the social construction of historicized narratives, there has been little progress. We revisit the idea of the turn in depth here, to examine the ways of doing history that might encourage a more substantial turn towards theory and towards history as a means of developing it. In particular, we suggest that an approach we term ‘critical organizational history’ remains underdeveloped, as a theoretically informed historicized approach to understanding how and why we come to be where we are in contemporary organized societies. Our aim is to take stock of the historic turn’s progress, reminding critically oriented organizational scholars and practitioners of organizational history of the importance of completing the turn with the underlying purpose of critique. To do this, we surface seven aspects of practice and three implications of them that demonstrate the underside of theorizing historically that we suggest are central to critical analysis. Understood and practised collectively, these could provoke considerable more critical organizational history to the benefit of all.

Towards the digital land reclamation

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Sergey Vasil'ev ◽  
Vyacheslav Schedrin ◽  
Aleksandra Slabunova ◽  
Vladimir Slabunov
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Full Cooperation

The aim of the research is a retrospective analysis of the history and stages of development of digital land reclamation in Russia, the definition of «Digital land reclamation» and trends in its further development. In the framework of the retrospective analysis the main stages of melioration formation are determined. To achieve the maximum effect of the «digital reclamation» requires full cooperation of practical experience and scientific potential accumulated throughout the history of the reclamation complex, and the latest achievements of science and technology, which is currently possible only through the full digitalization of reclamation activities. The introduction of «digital reclamation» will achieve greater potential and effect in the modernization of the reclamation industry in the «hightech industry», through the use of innovative developments and optimal management decisions.

Vyshnivetsky Castle Library of Prince Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky – Historical Book Heritage and Object of Bibliological and Historical Reconstruction

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 166-182
Author(s):  
Iryna Tsiborovska-Rymarovych
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Cultural Images ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Definition Of

The article has as its object the elucidation of the history of the Vyshnivetsky Castle Library, definition of the content of its fund, its historical and cultural significance, correlation of the founder of the Library Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky with the Book.The Vyshnivetsky Castle Library was formed in the Ukrainian historical region of Volyn’, in the Vyshnivets town – “family nest” of the old Ukrainian noble family of the Vyshnivetskies under the “Korybut” coat of arm. The founder of the Library was Prince Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky (1680–1744) – Grand Hetman and Grand Chancellor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilno Voievoda. He was a politician, an erudite and great bibliophile. In the 30th–40th of the 18th century the main Prince’s residence Vyshnivets became an important centre of magnate’s culture in Rich Pospolyta. M. S. Vyshnivetsky’s contemporaries from the noble class and clergy knew quite well about his library and really appreciated it. According to historical documents 5 periods are defined in the Library’s history. In the historical sources the first place is occupied by old-printed books of Library collection and 7 Library manuscript catalogues dating from 1745 up to the 1835 which give information about quantity and topical structures of Library collection.The Library is a historical and cultural symbol of the Enlightenment epoch. The Enlightenment and those particular concepts and cultural images pertaining to that epoch had their effect on the formation of Library’s fund. Its main features are as follow: comprehensive nature of the stock, predominance of French eighteenth century editions, presence of academic books and editions on orientalistics as well as works of the ideologues of the Enlightenment and new kinds of literature, which generated as a result of this movement – encyclopaedias, encyclopaedian dictionaries, almanacs, etc. Besides the universal nature of its stock books on history, social and political thought, fiction were dominating.The reconstruction of the history of Vyshnivetsky’s Library, the historical analysis of the provenances in its editions give us better understanding of the personality of its owners and in some cases their philanthropic activities, and a better ability to identify the role of this Library in the culture life of society in a certain epoch.

(A review). BRAUN-BLANQUETIA. Recueil de travaux de geobotanique / review of geobotanical monographs. Vol. 46. Centenaire de la phytosociologie. CAMERINO, 2010. 423 p.

2011 ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
L. G. Naumova ◽  
V. B. Martynenko ◽  
S. M. Yamalov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Association ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
The Third ◽  
International Botanical ◽  
International Botanical Congress ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

Date of «birth» of phytosociology (phytocenology) is considered to be 1910, when at the third International Botanical Congress in Brussels adopted the definition of plant association in the wording Including Flaó and K. Schröter (Flahault, Schröter, 1910; Alexandrov, 1969). The centenary of this momentous event in the history of phytocenology devoted to the 46th edition of the Yearbook «Braun-Blanquetia», which began to emerge in 1984 in Camerino (Italy) and it has a task to publish large geobotanical works. During the years of the publication of the Yearbook on its pages were published twice work of the Russian scientists — «The steppes of Mongolia» (Z. V. Karamysheva, V. N. Khramtsov. Vol. 17. 1995), and «Classification of continental hemiboreal forests of Northern Asia» (N. B. Ermakov in collaboration with English colleagues and J. Dring, J. Rodwell. Vol. 28. 2000).

Subversive Mobilities

Transfers ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikkel Thelle
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Public Action ◽  
History Of ◽  
Urban Conflict

The article approaches mobility through a cultural history of urban conflict. Using a case of “The Copenhagen Trouble,“ a series of riots in the Danish capital around 1900, a space of subversive mobilities is delineated. These turn-of-the-century riots points to a new pattern of mobile gathering, the swarm; to a new aspect of public action, the staging; and to new ways of configuring public space. These different components indicate an urban assemblage of subversion, and a new characterization of the “throwntogetherness“ of the modern public.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document