Modeling and simulation of the hollow fiber bore size on the CO2 absorption in membrane contactor

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayef Ghasem
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Acid Gases ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Percent Removal

AbstractNatural gas is one of the main sources of energy. It contains mainly methane and less percentage of impurity compound (CO2, H2S, and N2). The existence of these undesired impurity compounds in natural gas are not needed, because the presence of the acid gases in natural gas can cause corrosion and lowering the heating value in addition to their hazardous nature. The compound severely influenced human health and cause global warming. Accordingly, the capture of the acid gases species (i. e., CO2, H2S) from natural gas is essential. There are many techniques used for this purpose, hollow fiber polymeric membrane is a promising technique for this purpose. In this article, a numerical model is developed to study the effect of membrane contacting process with diverse fiber bore diameters on the percent removal of CO2 from a gas mixture by means of aqueous MEA/water solution as a scrubbing solvent. The developed model is validated utilizing data available in literature. The verified model is used to investigate the effect of flow rate of liquid and gas, and membrane total contact area on the CO2 removal efficiency. Results revealed that, membrane bore diameter and liquid flow rate have strong impact on the percent removal of CO2. The membrane with smaller bore diameter performs better than the other modules with greater diameter.

Experimental Study of Hydrodynamic Characteristics and CO2 Absorption in Producer Gas Using CaO-sand Mixture in a Bubbling Fluidized Bed Reactor

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Mahadzir ◽  
Z.A. Zainal
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Model Experiment ◽  
Volume Flow Rate ◽  
Volume Flow ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Producer Gas ◽  
Cold Model ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Sand Mixture ◽  
Bubbling Fluidized Bed

Producer gas, from biomass gasification process can be used to generate power as an alternative to fossil fuel. Carbon dioxide (CO2) content in the producer gas is acts as a diluent gas resulted in low heating value. We used limestone (which is of rather wide occurrence in Malaysia) that consisted mainly of the mineral calcite (calcium oxide, CaO) as calcium based sorbent to absorb CO2 in the producer gas. Removing the CO2 from the producer gas will improved its heating value. In this paper, the first step was to study the behavior of CaO-sand mixtures in a cold model experiment. The effects of the CaO-sand mixtures, the CaO particle sizes, the volume flow rate and the pressure of air intake were investigated experimentally. Then, the hot model experimental was conducted to investigate CO2 absorption at the optimum condition obtained from the cold model experiment resulted. The CaO percentages of 50 and 40 in sand were found to have a good fluidization at all air pressures (200-600 kNm-2). In addition to that, the 1000 micron particle size of the CaO-sand mixture and the volume flow rate of air between 0.00025- 0.00092 m3s-1 were also found to give a good fluidization. In the hot model experiment, the best CO2 absorption occurred at 50 percent CaO mixture with simulated gas pressure of 300 kNm-2 and the volume flow rate of 0.00075 m3s-1 at 650-750°C in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor (BFBR).

scholarly journals CO2 Absorption with NaOH Solution through the Porous PVDF Hollow Fibre Membrane Contactor

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mansourizadeh ◽  
A. F. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Phase Inversion ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Membrane Contactor ◽  
Hydrophobic Membrane ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Naoh Solution

In this study, porous hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membranes were fabricated via a wet phase inversion process. In order to improve the phase inversion rate and provide porous membranes, 4 wt.% lithium chloride (LiCl) was used in the spinning dope. The prepared membrane morphology was studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Chemical CO2absorption by NaOH solution (1M) was conducted through the PVDF hollow fiber membrane contactor. The effect of the main operating condition such as absorbent temperature, CO2 pressure and absorbent flow rate on the performance of CO2 absorption was investigated. From FESEM examination, the membrane possesses an almost sponge–like structure with ultra thin skin layer. Results of CO2absorption test showed that by increasing the absorbent flow rate the CO2 flux increased which confirmed the existence of liquid side mass transfer resistance. It was found that by increasing the absorbent temperature the CO2 flux considerably improved. Meanwhile, the effect of CO2 pressure on the absorption rate was insignificant. Therefore, it can be concluded that by applying a porous hydrophobic membrane with improved structure and optimizing the operating conditions, high CO2 removal efficiency can be achieved through gas–liquid membrane contactors

scholarly journals Modeling and Simulation of the Absorption of CO2 and NO2 from a Gas Mixture in a Membrane Contactor

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayef Ghasem
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Membrane Contactor ◽  
Impurity Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
Percent Removal

The removal of undesirable compounds such as CO2 and NO2 from incineration and natural gas is essential because of their harmful influence on the atmosphere and on the reduction of natural gas heating value. The use of membrane contactor for the capture of the post-combustion NO2 and CO2 had been widely considered in the past decades. In this study, membrane contactor was used for the simultaneous absorption of CO2 and NO2 from a mixture of gas (5% CO2, 300 ppm NO2, balance N2) with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. For the first time, a mathematical model was established for the simultaneous removal of the two undesired gas solutes (CO2, NO2) from flue gas using membrane contactor. The model considers the reaction rate, and radial and axial diffusion of both compounds. The model was verified and validated with experimental data and found to be in good agreement. The model was used to examine the effect of the flow rate of liquid, gas, and inlet solute mole fraction on the percent removal and molar flux of both impurity species. The results revealed that the effect of the liquid flow rate improves the percent removal of both compounds. A high inlet gas flow rate decreases the percent removal. It was possible to obtain the complete removal of both undesired compounds. The model was confirmed to be a dependable tool for the optimization of such process, and for similar systems.

scholarly journals PENGARUH LAJU ALIR ABSORBEN DAN WAKTU KONTAK K2CO3 TERHADAP PENYERAPAN CO2 YANG TERKANDUNG DALAM GAS ALAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Muhrinsyah Fatimura ◽  
Rully Masriatini ◽  
Reno Fitriyanti
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Gas Absorption ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Absorption Process ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Acid Gas ◽  
Sour Gas

Gas CO2 atau gas asam (sour gas) merupakan salah satu kandungan dari gas alam yang sifatnya sebagai kontaminan. Adanya kandungan gas CO2 yang tinggi didalam gas alam perlu dilakukan treatment khusus dalam menghilangan kandungan gas asam (sour gas) tersebut dari gas alam dimana proses penghilangan gas asam dari gas alam disebut proses Sweetening. Proses Absorspi gas CO2 merupakan metode yang sering dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan  mengetahui pengaruh laju alir absorben dan waktu kontak terhadap konsentrasi CO2 yang di serap. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini yaitu dengan perancangan alat yang bisa menunujukan proses absorpsi CO2. Variabel penelitian yang digunakan memvariasikan  laju alir absorben 4,95 ml/s, 7,26 ml/s, 10,75 ml/s serta waktu kontak 2,4,6,8 menit dengan menggunakan absorben K2CO3 dan   Gas alam yang digunakan compress Natural Gas CNG.  Dari hasil penelitan laju alir Absorbenyang paling baik didapat pada  10,75 ml/s dengan penyerapan  CO2 sebesar  69,45 %. Waktu kontak  pada setiap waktu   tidak berpengaruh banyak  terhadap konsentarsi CO2 yang terserap .  Kata kunci: absorben, Sour gas, gas alam, laju alir  AbstractCO2 gas or acid gas (sour gas) is one of the contents of natural gas which is a contaminant. The presence of high CO2 gas content in natural gas requires special treatment to remove the sour gas content from natural gas where the process of removing acid gas from natural gas is called the Sweetening process. The CO2 gas absorption process is a method that is often used. This study aims to determine the effect of absorbent flow rate and contact time on the absorbed CO2 concentration. The method used in this research is to design a tool that can show the CO2 absorption process. The research variables used varied the absorbent flow rate of 4.95 ml/s, 7.26 ml/s, 10.75 ml/s and a contact time of 2,4,6,8 minutes using K2CO3 absorbent and natural gas used compressed Natural CNG gas. From the research results, the best absorbent flow rate was obtained at 10.75 ml/s with CO2 absorption of 69.45%. Contact time at any time did not have much effect on the concentration of CO2 absorbed. Keywords: absorbent, sour gas, natural gas, flow rate

scholarly journals Effects of Absorbent Flow Rate on Co2 Absorption through a Super Hydrophobic Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactor

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutrasno Kartohardjono ◽  
Angeline Paramitha ◽  
Aulia Andika Putri ◽  
Ryan Andriant
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Hollow Fiber Membrane ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Membrane Contactor ◽  
Fiber Membrane

SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES OF EFFICIENT FUEL USE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY GAS COMBUSTION IN STOVE PLATES. PART 1. MODERN STATE-OF-THE-ART AND DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT THE GAS BURNING IN DOMESTIC GAS COOKERS

2017 ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Soroka ◽  
V.V. Horupa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Gas Stoves

Natural gas NG consumption in industry and energy of Ukraine, in recent years falls down as a result of the crisis in the country’s economy, to a certain extent due to the introduction of renewable energy sources along with alternative technologies, while in the utility sector the consumption of fuel gas flow rate enhancing because of an increase the number of consumers. The natural gas is mostly using by domestic purpose for heating of premises and for cooking. These items of the gas utilization in Ukraine are already exceeding the NG consumption in industry. Cooking is proceeding directly in the living quarters, those usually do not meet the requirements of the Ukrainian norms DBN for the ventilation procedures. NG use in household gas stoves is of great importance from the standpoint of controlling the emissions of harmful components of combustion products along with maintenance the satisfactory energy efficiency characteristics of NG using. The main environment pollutants when burning the natural gas in gas stoves are including the nitrogen oxides NOx (to a greater extent — highly toxic NO2 component), carbon oxide CO, formaldehyde CH2O as well as hydrocarbons (unburned UHC and polyaromatic PAH). An overview of environmental documents to control CO and NOx emissions in comparison with the proper norms by USA, EU, Russian Federation, Australia and China, has been completed. The modern designs of the burners for gas stoves are considered along with defining the main characteristics: heat power, the natural gas flow rate, diameter of gas orifice, diameter and spacing the firing openings and other parameters. The modern physical and chemical principles of gas combustion by means of atmospheric ejection burners of gas cookers have been analyzed from the standpoints of combustion process stabilization and of ensuring the stability of flares. Among the factors of the firing process destabilization within the framework of analysis above mentioned, the following forms of unstable combustion/flame unstabilities have been considered: flashback, blow out or flame lifting, and the appearance of flame yellow tips. Bibl. 37, Fig. 11, Tab. 7.

Evaluasi Prediksi Higher Heating Value (HHV) Biomassa Berdasarkan Analisis Proksimat

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Made Dirgantara ◽  
Karelius Karelius ◽  
Marselin Devi Ariyanti, Sry Ayu K. Tamba
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Bomb Calorimeter ◽  
Hhv Prediction

Abstrak – Biomassa merupakan salah satu energi terbarukan yang sangat mudah ditemui, ramah lingkungan dan cukup ekonomis. Keberadaan biomassa dapat dimaanfaatkan sebagai pengganti bahan bakar fosil, baik itu minyak bumi, gas alam maupun batu bara. Analisi diperlukan sebagai dasar biomassa sebagai energi seperti proksimat dan kalor. Analisis terpenting untuk menilai biomassa sebagai bahan bakar adalah nilai kalori atau higher heating value (HHV). HHV secara eksperimen diukur menggunakan bomb calorimeter, namun pengukuran ini kurang efektif, karena memerlukan waktu serta biaya yang tinggi. Penelitian mengenai prediksi HHV berdasarkan analisis proksimat telah dilakukan sehingga dapat mempermudah dan menghemat biaya yang diperlukan peneliti. Dalam makalah ini dibahas evaluasi persamaan untuk memprediksi HHV berdasarkan analisis proksimat pada biomassa berdasarkan data dari penelitian sebelumnya. Prediksi nilai HHV menggunakan lima persamaan yang dievaluasi dengan 25 data proksimat biomassa dari penelitian sebelumnya, kemudian dibandingkan berdasarkan nilai error untuk mendapatkan prediksi terbaik. Hasil analisis menunjukan, persamaan A terbaik di 7 biomassa, B di 6 biomassa, C di 6 biomassa, D di 5 biomassa dan E di 1 biomassa.Kata kunci: bahan bakar, biomassa, higher heating value, nilai error, proksimat  Abstract – Biomass is a renewable energy that is very easy to find, environmentally friendly, and quite economical. The existence of biomass can be used as a substitute for fossil fuels, both oil, natural gas, and coal. Analyzes are needed as a basis for biomass as energy such as proximate and heat. The most critical analysis to assess biomass as fuel is the calorific value or higher heating value (HHV). HHV is experimentally measured using a bomb calorimeter, but this measurement is less effective because it requires time and high costs. Research on the prediction of HHV based on proximate analysis has been carried out so that it can simplify and save costs needed by researchers. In this paper, the evaluation of equations is discussed to predict HHV based on proximate analysis on biomass-based on data from previous studies. HHV prediction values using five equations were evaluated with 25 proximate biomass data from previous studies, then compared based on error value to get the best predictions. The analysis shows that Equation A predicts best in 7 biomass, B in 6 biomass, C in 6 biomass, D in 5 biomass, and E in 1 biomass. Key words: fuel, biomass, higher heating value, error value, proximate 

scholarly journals CO2 Absorption Using Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactors: Introducing pH Swing Absorption (pHSA) to Overcome Purity Limitation

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 496
Author(s):  
Sayali Ramdas Chavan ◽  
Patrick Perré ◽  
Victor Pozzobon ◽  
Julien Lemaire
Keyword(s):  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Hollow Fiber Membrane ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Fiber Membrane ◽  
Residual Content ◽  
Membrane Contactors ◽  
Ph Swing

Recently, membrane contactors have gained more popularity in the field of CO2 removal; however, achieving high purity and competitive recovery for poor soluble gas (H2, N2, or CH4) remains elusive. Hence, a novel process for CO2 removal from a mixture of gases using hollow fiber membrane contactors is investigated theoretically and experimentally. A theoretical model is constructed to show that the dissolved residual CO2 hinders the capacity of the absorbent when it is regenerated. This model, backed up by experimental investigation, proves that achieving a purity > 99% without consuming excessive chemicals or energy remains challenging in a closed-loop system. As a solution, a novel strategy is proposed: the pH Swing Absorption which consists of manipulating the acido–basic equilibrium of CO2 in the absorption and desorption stages by injecting moderate acid and base amount. It aims at decreasing CO2 residual content in the regenerated absorbent, by converting CO2 into its ionic counterparts (HCO3− or CO32−) before absorption and improving CO2 degassing before desorption. Therefore, this strategy unlocks the theoretical limitation due to equilibrium with CO2 residual content in the absorbent and increases considerably the maximum achievable purity. Results also show the dependency of the performance on operating conditions such as total gas pressure and liquid flowrate. For N2/CO2 mixture, this process achieved a nitrogen purity of 99.97% with a N2 recovery rate of 94.13%. Similarly, for H2/CO2 mixture, a maximum H2 purity of 99.96% and recovery rate of 93.96% was obtained using this process. Moreover, the proposed patented process could potentially reduce energy or chemicals consumption.

Performance Prediction of Gas Turbine Under Different Strategies Using Low Heating Value Fuel

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson Batista da Silva ◽  
Marcelo Assato ◽  
Rosiane Cristina de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Surge Margin ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

Usually, the turbogenerators are designed to fire a specific fuel, depending on the project of these engines may be allowed the operation with other kinds of fuel compositions. However, it is necessary a careful evaluation of the operational behavior and performance of them due to conversion, for example, from natural gas to different low heating value fuels. Thus, this work describes strategies used to simulate the performance of a single shaft industrial gas turbine designed to operate with natural gas when firing low heating value fuel, such as biomass fuel from gasification process or blast furnace gas (BFG). Air bled from the compressor and variable compressor geometry have been used as key strategies by this paper. Off-design performance simulations at a variety of ambient temperature conditions are described. It was observed the necessity for recovering the surge margin; both techniques showed good solutions to achieve the same level of safe operation in relation to the original engine. Finally, a flammability limit analysis in terms of the equivalence ratio was done. This analysis has the objective of verifying if the combustor will operate using the low heating value fuel. For the most engine operation cases investigated, the values were inside from minimum and maximum equivalence ratio range.

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