scholarly journals The correlations between air pollution and depression.

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Łopuszańska ◽  
Marta Makara-Studzińska
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
The World ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
Number Of Publications

AbstractIntroduction: In the 21st century there is an increased prevalence of depression in the world. So far the mechanism of developing depression has not been exactly known. Risk factors of depression occurrence are complex and nowadays it has been emphasized that air pollution can affect the intensity of depressive symptoms.Objective: The analysis of the scientific works investigating the correlations between air pollution and depression.Material and method: The material consisted of the studies published between 2007 and 2017. A systematic review of Medline database (using PubMed search engine) was conducted by typing the English phrase (air pollution) and (depression), and 154 results were obtained. Those results which concerned nicotine addiction or dementia diseases were rejected. The inclusion criterion was the number of people tested, n>500 in case of adults, and n>200 in case of children (a small number of publications). All in all, 9 research in the population of adults and 1 research in the group of children were included to the final analysis. In the discussion part of this work some research carried out on animals and related to the subject matter of own analyses were also investigated.Results: As many as 8 out of 10 analyzed research demonstrated statistically significant correlation between long-term exposure to air pollution (mainly to fine particulate matter, PM) and depression. This correlation mainly concerned intensification of depressive symptoms during long exposure to air pollution. The exposure also resulted in changes in the neuro-transfer of serotonin and as well in neurodegenerative changes in children exposed to long-term pollution with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in prenatal life. Testing on animals indicates that air pollution affects the activation of proinflammatory processes in hippocampus, what may incidentally contribute to the formation of depressive and cognitive symptoms.Conclusions: In view of the increase of depression incidence and constantly sustained air pollution in the world, there is a need for further research on the correlation between air pollution and depression, taking into account the genetic, social and psychological factors.

scholarly journals Regional Features of Long-Term Exposure to PM2.5 Air Quality over Asia under SSP Scenarios Based on CMIP6 Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6817
Author(s):  
Sungbo Shim ◽  
Hyunmin Sung ◽  
Sanghoon Kwon ◽  
Jisun Kim ◽  
Jaehee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Quality Controls ◽  
Quality Guidelines

This study investigates changes in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration and air-quality index (AQI) in Asia using nine different Coupled Model Inter-Comparison Project 6 (CMIP6) climate model ensembles from historical and future scenarios under shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). The results indicated that the estimated present-day PM2.5 concentrations were comparable to satellite-derived data. Overall, the PM2.5 concentrations of the analyzed regions exceeded the WHO air-quality guidelines, particularly in East Asia and South Asia. In future SSP scenarios that consider the implementation of significant air-quality controls (SSP1-2.6, SSP5-8.5) and medium air-quality controls (SSP2-4.5), the annual PM2.5 levels were predicted to substantially reduce (by 46% to around 66% of the present-day levels) in East Asia, resulting in a significant improvement in the AQI values in the mid-future. Conversely, weak air pollution controls considered in the SSP3-7.0 scenario resulted in poor AQI values in China and India. Moreover, a predicted increase in the percentage of aged populations (>65 years) in these regions, coupled with high AQI values, may increase the risk of premature deaths in the future. This study also examined the regional impact of PM2.5 mitigations on downward shortwave energy and surface air temperature. Our results revealed that, although significant air pollution controls can reduce long-term exposure to PM2.5, it may also contribute to the warming of near- and mid-future climates.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic Effects on Forest Ecosystems at Various Spatio-Temporal Scales

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 827-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bredemeier
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Acid Deposition ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The World

The focus in this review of long-term effects on forest ecosystems is on human impact. As a classification of this differentiated and complex matter, three domains of long-term effects with different scales in space and time are distinguished: 1- Exploitation and conversion history of forests in areas of extended human settlement 2- Long-range air pollution and acid deposition in industrialized regions 3- Current global loss of forests and soil degradation.There is an evident link between the first and the third point in the list. Cultivation of primary forestland — with its tremendous effects on land cover — took place in Europe many centuries ago and continued for centuries. Deforestation today is a phenomenon predominantly observed in the developing countries, yet it threatens biotic and soil resources on a global scale. Acidification of forest soils caused by long-range air pollution from anthropogenic emission sources is a regional to continental problem in industrialized parts of the world. As a result of emission reduction legislation, atmospheric acid deposition is currently on the retreat in the richer industrialized regions (e.g., Europe, U.S., Japan); however, because many other regions of the world are at present rapidly developing their polluting industries (e.g., China and India), “acid rain” will most probably remain a serious ecological problem on regional scales. It is believed to have caused considerable destabilization of forest ecosystems, adding to the strong structural and biogeochemical impacts resulting from exploitation history.Deforestation and soil degradation cause the most pressing ecological problems for the time being, at least on the global scale. In many of those regions where loss of forests and soils is now high, it may be extremely difficult or impossible to restore forest ecosystems and soil productivity. Moreover, the driving forces, which are predominantly of a demographic and socioeconomic nature, do not yet seem to be lessening in strength. It can only be hoped that a wise policy of international cooperation and shared aims can cope with this problem in the future.

scholarly journals Long‐Term Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution Is Associated With 30‐Day Readmissions and Hospital Visits Among Patients With Heart Failure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cavin K. Ward‐Caviness, ◽  
Mahdieh Danesh Yazdi, ◽  
Joshua Moyer, ◽  
Anne M. Weaver, ◽  
Wayne E. Cascio, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Total Hospital ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Hospital Visits ◽  
Pollution Exposure

Background Long‐term air pollution exposure is a significant risk factor for inpatient hospital admissions in the general population. However, we lack information on whether long‐term air pollution exposure is a risk factor for hospital readmissions, particularly in individuals with elevated readmission rates. Methods and Results We determined the number of readmissions and total hospital visits (outpatient visits+emergency room visits+inpatient admissions) for 20 920 individuals with heart failure. We used quasi‐Poisson regression models to associate annual average fine particulate matter at the date of heart failure diagnosis with the number of hospital visits and 30‐day readmissions. We used inverse probability weights to balance the distribution of confounders and adjust for the competing risk of death. Models were adjusted for age, race, sex, smoking status, urbanicity, year of diagnosis, short‐term fine particulate matter exposure, comorbid disease, and socioeconomic status. A 1‐µg/m 3 increase in fine particulate matter was associated with a 9.31% increase (95% CI, 7.85%–10.8%) in total hospital visits, a 4.35% increase (95% CI, 1.12%–7.68%) in inpatient admissions, and a 14.2% increase (95% CI, 8.41%–20.2%) in 30‐day readmissions. Associations were robust to different modeling approaches. Conclusions These results highlight the potential for air pollution to play a role in hospital use, particularly hospital visits and readmissions. Given the elevated frequency of hospitalizations and readmissions among patients with heart failure, these results also represent an important insight into modifiable environmental risk factors that may improve outcomes and reduce hospital use among patients with heart failure.

scholarly journals The Effects of Air Pollution on COVID-19 Infection and Mortality—A Review on Recent Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurshad Ali ◽  
Farjana Islam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The World ◽  
Harmful Effects

The outbreak of COVID-19 has created a serious public health concern worldwide. Although, most of the regions around the globe have been affected by COVID-19 infections; some regions are more badly affected in terms of infections and fatality rates than others. The exact reasons for such variations are not clear yet. This review discussed the possible effects of air pollution on COVID-19 infections and mortality based on some recent evidence. The findings of most studies reviewed here demonstrate that both short-term and long-term exposure to air pollution especially PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) may contribute significantly to higher rates of COVID-19 infections and mortalities with a lesser extent also PM10. A significant correlation has been found between air pollution and COVID-19 infections and mortality in some countries in the world. The available data also indicate that exposure to air pollution may influence COVID-19 transmission. Moreover, exposure to air pollution may increase vulnerability and have harmful effects on the prognosis of patients affected by COVID-19 infections. Further research should be conducted considering some potential confounders such as age and pre-existing medical conditions along with exposure to NO2, PM2.5 and other air pollutants to confirm their detrimental effects on mortalities from COVID-19.

Long-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Mortality Among Canadian Women

Epidemiology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Villeneuve ◽  
Scott A. Weichenthal ◽  
Daniel Crouse ◽  
Anthony B. Miller ◽  
Teresa To ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate

scholarly journals Exposure to Air Pollution and Renal Function - An Underestimated Threat?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Kuźma ◽  
Jolanta Małyszko ◽  
Hanna Bachórzewska- Gajewska ◽  
Sławomir Dobrzycki
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Number Of Patients

Abstract Introduction: Air pollution contributes to the premature death of approximately 428,000 citizens of Europe every year. The adverse effects of air pollution can be observed not only in respiratory, circulatory, and nervous systems but also in renal function.Aim: Our goal was to investigate the hypothesis indicating that we can observe the long-term and also short-term impact of air pollution on kidney function.Methods: We reviewed medical notes of patients hospitalized at Medical University of Bialystok, Poland between 2007-2016. We used linear, log-linear, and logistic regression models to assess the association between renal function and NO2, SO2, and PMs. Results are reported as beta (β) coefficients and odds ratios (OR) for an increase in interquartile range (IQR) concentration with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: 3,554 patients were included into the final analysis. The median age was 66 (IQR 15) and men were in the majority (53.2%, N=1891). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was diagnosed in 21.5% (N=764). The long-term increase in annual average concertation of PM2.5 (OR for IQR increase=1.07; 95% CI 1.01 – 1.15, P=0.037) and NO2 (OR for IQR increase=1.05;95% CI 1.01 – 1.10, P=0.047) resulted in an increased number of patients with CKD. In short-term observation the IQR increase in weekly PM2.5 concentration was associated with a 2% reduction in eGFR (OR=0.98, 95%CI 0.97 – 0.99, P=0.03)Conclusions: The effects of air pollution on renal function were observed. Long- and short–term exposure to elevated air pollution levels was associated with a decrease in eGFR. The main pollutant affecting the kidneys was PM2.5.

scholarly journals A city-level analysis of air pollution, climate and COVID-19 early spread during the Spanish lockdown

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Briz-Redon ◽  
Carolina Belenguer-Sapina ◽  
Angel Serrano-Aroca
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Epidemic Curve ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
The World ◽  
Pm2.5 Exposure ◽  
Level Analysis ◽  
Good Agreement

The COVID-19 outbreak has escalated into the worse pandemic of the present century. The fast spread of the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has caused devastating health and economic crises all over the world, with Spain being one of the worst affected countries in terms of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths per inhabitant. In this situation, the Spanish Government declared the lockdown of the country. The variations of air pollution in terms of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) levels in seven cities of Spain are analyzed here considering the effect of meteorology during the national lockdown. The possible associations of PM2.5 pollution and climate with COVID-19 accumulated cases were also analyzed. While the epidemic curve was flattened, the results of the analysis show that the 4-week Spanish lockdown significantly reduced the PM2.5 levels in only one of the cities despite the drastically reduced human activity in good agreement with our previous study of changes in air quality in terms of CO, SO2, PM10, O3 and NO2 levels. Furthermore, no associations between either PM2.5 exposure or environmental conditions and COVID-19 transmission were found during the early spread of the pandemic.

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