scholarly journals Changes in the levels of kynurenic acid and selected proinflammatory cytokines after pharmacological treatment and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in patients with depressive disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Olajossy ◽  
Emilia Potembska ◽  
Nikodem Skoczeń ◽  
Bartosz Olajossy ◽  
Ewa Urbańska
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
List Type ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depressive Patients

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to compare the concentrations of KYNA, 3-OH-KYN and the cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in patients with depression vs. healthy controls as well as in patients with depression treated pharmacologically vs. those treated using ECT. We also evaluated the relationship between the concentrations of KYNA, 3-OH-KYN and the cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 and clinical improvement measured on the MADRS scale in patients treated pharmacologically and those treated with ECT.Subjects and methods: The study group comprised 29 patients aged 28 to 60 years with a diagnosis of a major depressive episode. Eleven of the patients received pharmacological treatment and 18 were treated with ECT.Patients were assayed for serum levels of KYNA and the cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. Clinical improvement was measured on the MADRS depression rating scale and the clinical global impression (CGI) scale.Results: Significant differences were found in KYNA levels between depressive patients and healthy controls. Pharmacological treatment significantly contributed to the increase in KYNA levels and ECT – to the increase in TNF-α levels in depressive patients.Conclusions: Depressive patients have significantly lower concentrations of KYNA than healthy individualsDepressive patients who have undergone pharmacological treatment have significantly higher KYNA concentrations than before treatment.Depressive patients who have undergone ECT treatment have significantly lower TNF-α concentrations than before treatment.High pre-treatment levels of IL-6 are associated with a lower MADRS improvement index in pharmacologically treated patients with depression.

scholarly journals Serum Levels of HCY, MIF, and hs-CRP Correlate with Glycolipid Metabolism in Adults with Never-Medicated First-Episode Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhong ◽  
Qin Ao ◽  
Fei Xing
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Glycolipid Metabolism ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia ◽  
Negative Syndrome

Objective. It has been reported that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in multiepisode patients with schizophrenia is 35.3%, which is 2- to 4-fold higher than in the general population. The study is designed to compare the glycolipid metabolism in patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) with sex- and age-matched healthy controls to investigate changes in serum levels of homocysteine (Hcy), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and their relationships with the glycolipid metabolism in patients with FES. Methods. His case-control study included 88 patients diagnosed with FES and 88 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Patient psychopathology was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17). Patients with FES were classified into MS and non-MS groups. Results. There were significant differences in the education level, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference between the patients with FES and healthy controls (all p > 0.05 ). The patients with FES had higher levels of FPG and blood glucose at the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (2 h glucose) concomitant with higher proportion of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) than healthy controls (all p < 0.001 ). It was revealed that the patients with FES showed higher serum levels of Hcy, MIF, and hs-CRP than healthy controls (all p < 0.001 ). The serum level of Hcy shared positive correlations with the score of PANSS totals (r = 0.551) and the negative syndrome of the PANSS scale (r = 0.494). The serum levels of MIF and hs-CRP was only positively correlated with the negative syndrome of the PANSS scale (r = 0.320 and r = 0.446). The level of Hcy shared positive correlations with the levels of FPG, 2 h glucose, and HOMA2-IR; the level of MIF was only positively correlated with the level of HOMA2-IR; the level of hs-CRP had a positive correlation with both levels of FPG and 2 h glucose (all p < 0.001 ). The levels of Hcy, MIF, and hs-CRP all shared positive correlations with the TG level and negative correlations with the HDL-C level (all p < 0.001 ). There were remarkable differences between the MS and non-MS groups with regard to BMI, waist circumference, negative subscale of the PANSS scale, FPG, TG, and HDL-C (all p < 0.05 ). Elevated levels of Hcy, MIF, and hs-CRP were detected in the MS group compared to the non-MS group (all p < 0.05 ). Conclusion. These findings suggest that increased concentrations of HCY, MIF, and hs-CRP may contribute to the abnormal glycolipid metabolism in the context of schizophrenia.

scholarly journals The expression and significance of inflammatory cytokines and MMP-9 in the tears of the infected eye and contralateral uninfected eye in patients with fungal keratitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Hui-Min Wu ◽  
Xiang-Ni Cao ◽  
Xian-Qi Zhang ◽  
Gui-ping Gao
Keyword(s):  
Tear Film ◽  
Fungal Keratitis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tear Film Function

Abstract Background: We investigated bilateral tear cytokine levels including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in patients with fungal keratitis(FK). Meanwhile, we evaluated the relationship between the changes of tear cytokines with corneal perception and pain in infected eyes, and the relationship between tear cytokines and tear film function in contralateral uninfected eyes .Methods : A total of 60(20 FK, 20 contralateral, 20 healthy controls) tear samples were collected prospectively and analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Approximately 50 to 60 ul of tear samples in each case were collected. Meanwhile ,we analyzed the changes of visual analogue scale(VAS), tear breakup time (TBUT), Schirmer I test (SIT) and corneal perception compared with healthy controls. Results :The concentrations of IL-1β, IL-10 and IL-17 increased in bilateral eyes compared with healthy controls(P<0.05). The tear concentrations of MMP-9 , TNF-α only significantly increased in affected eyes (P <0.05). Patients with FK showed significant reduction in corneal perception of infected eyes compared with controls(P<0.05). Corneal perception of the normal eyes in FK patients was slightly lower than that of control group, but there was not statistical difference (P>0.05).TBUT and SIT of contralateral uninfected eyes were significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05), which were significantly correlated with levels of IL-1β, IL-17(P<0.05). SIT were also negatively correlated with MMP-9(P<0.05), while the levels of IL-1β, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α and MMP-9 in the tears of the healthy control group had no significant correlation with TBUT and SIT indicators(P>0.05).The corneal perception and VAS score of the affected FK eyes showed correlation with IL-1β, IL-17 and TNF-α(P<0.05).In addition, concentration of IL-10 inversely was correlated with VAS (P<0.05). Conclusion: Proinflammatory tear cytokines are elevated in bilateral eyes with unilateral FK as associated with tear film function ,pain and corneal sensitivity.

Serum Levels of Biomarkers of Immune Activation and Associations With Neurological Impairment in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients During Remission

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Witkowska ◽  
Katarzyna Socha ◽  
Jan Kochanowicz ◽  
Elżbieta Karpińska ◽  
Marta Jakoniuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Clinical Remission ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Introduction: Although much is known about cytokines and adhesion molecules during an active course of multiple sclerosis (MS), there is limited information about their serum levels during remission. Objective: This study aimed to (1) compare peripheral levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), soluble interleukin-2 receptor α (sIL-2Rα), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) in MS patients during clinical remission with those of healthy controls and (2) explore possible relationships between the levels of these cytokines and adhesion molecules and neurological impairment. Methods: Initially, 92 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) who were in clinical remission and 30 healthy controls were recruited for this study. The severity of neurological impairment was assessed with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Serum concentrations of TNF-α, sIL-2Rα, sICAM-1, and sE-selectin were determined using the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) technique and compared between patients and controls. In a subset of RRMS patients ( n = 67), the levels of these cytokines and adhesion molecules were compared between subgroups of patients based on scores on the EDSS subscales, which measure disability level for specific neurological functions. Results: The MS patients’ TNF-α, sICAM-1, and sE-selectin levels were markedly lower than those of the controls, while their sIL-2Rα level was higher. The serum sICAM-1 concentration was positively associated with EDSS total score (ρ = .291, p = .017) as well as with the EDSS pyramidal (ρ = .267, p = .029) and cerebellar subscores (ρ = .303, p = .013). In the patients with cerebellar deficits and severe brain stem dysfunction, sICAM-1 levels were upregulated. Conclusion: Although a decreased sICAM-1 concentration was observed in RRMS patients in remission as compared to healthy controls, sICAM-1 seemed to reflect neurological impairment and clinical disability. These data suggest that increasing serum sICAM-1 levels may be associated with progression of cerebellar or brain stem perturbations. However, further studies are required to confirm these findings in a larger population of RRMS patients.

Clinical Effects and Serum Levels of Nomifensine in Depressive Patients

1983 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Syvälahti ◽  
R Lindberg ◽  
E Iisalo
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Depressive Patients ◽  
Hamilton Rating Scale ◽  
Trough Levels ◽  
Time Point

Twenty depressed out-patients were treated with nomifensine in an open clinical trial of 6 weeks duration. After an initial placebo week the daily doses of nomifensine varied from 50 to 300 mg divided into 2–3 doses. Mean score on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRS) declined from 19·7 to 10·3 at Week 4. At the same time-point morning serum levels of nomifensine varied from less than 8·0 to 196·0 nmol/l. No correlation was found between drug concentrations and clinical outcome or side-effects. There was also a pronounced intra-individual variation in nomifensine serum levels. No tendency for accumulation of the drug was observed. Thus, the measuring of nomifensine trough levels in the morning does not give useful clinical information.

scholarly journals Changes in Hepcidin Serum Levels Correlate with Clinical Improvement in Idiopathic Restless Legs Syndrome Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 4115
Author(s):  
Hee-Jin Im ◽  
Jee Hyun Kim ◽  
Chang-Ho Yun ◽  
Dong Wook Kim ◽  
Jeeyoung Oh
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Agonist ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Restless Legs ◽  
Serum Hepcidin ◽  
Drug Naïve

Background: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sensory motor neurological disorder that is related to iron–dopamine dysregulation and immune system alteration. We aimed to assess the effects of serum hepcidin, an iron-regulating hormone, in drug-naive RLS patients compared to healthy controls and to evaluate its role in helping to predict clinical improvement after treatment with dopamine agonist. Methods: Nonanemic and drug-naive RLS patients (n = 18) and healthy controls (n = 15) were enrolled. The serum hepcidin and iron-related values in the serum were measured upon the first visit in both groups and 12 weeks later after dopaminergic treatment in 12 patients. Information about sociodemographic characteristics, sleep-related profiles, mood and anxiety was obtained upon the first visit in all participants as well as after treatment in RLS patients. Results: Serum hepcidin levels exhibited no significant differences between patients with drug-naïve RLS and healthy controls at diagnosis (7.1 ± 2.4 vs. 7.0 ± 3.2 ng/mL, p = 0.357). Decreased hepcidin levels were significantly associated with decreased RLS severity (β = 0.002, 95% CI = 0.00−0.00, p = 0.005) and improved quality of life (β = 0.002, 95% CI = 0.00−7.01, p = 0.044) in a dose-dependent manner after 12 weeks of treatment with a dopamine agonist. This association was independent of age, sex, inflammatory markers, sleep quality, insomnia, daytime sleepiness, depression and anxiety. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the role of hepcidin in evaluating the positive therapeutic response in RLS.

scholarly journals The Influence of Surgery on Cytokines in Patients with Intra-Abdominal Sepsis

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. J. Hammond ◽  
P. D. Potgieter
Keyword(s):  
Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Perioperative Period ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Abdominal Sepsis ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Cytokine Cascade

The cytokine cascade which is triggered by severe sepsis may contribute to progressive organ dysfunction and death from sepsis. This cascade may be accentuated by surgery for sepsis and pre-treatment with cytokine blockers could possibly ameliorate the response. This prospective controlled study determined the effect of surgery in 11 haemodynamically stable patients undergoing laparotomy for intra-abdominal sepsis. Serum levels of endotoxin, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were determined; blood cultures, features of systemic inflammatory response, and organ dysfunction were monitored over the perioperative period. There was considerable variation in the serum cytokine levels. The preoperative IL-6 levels were significantly elevated in the septic patients and a threefold increase in IL-6 levels occurred in both groups postoperatively. An increase in TNF-α did not achieve significance because of high levels in control patients with cancer. Cytokine release which occurs during abdominal surgery is increased in patients with intra-abdominal sepsis.

scholarly journals Serum Levels of the Adipokine Zinc-α2-glycoprotein Are Decreased in Patients with Hypertension

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Juan Zhu ◽  
Xiang qing Wang ◽  
Hui Pan ◽  
Feng ying Gong ◽  
Dian xi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Weight Regulation ◽  
Body Weight Regulation ◽  
Related Item ◽  
Hmw Adiponectin ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Objective. Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) has recently been proposed as a new adipokine involved in body weight regulation. The purpose of this study is to investigate serum levels of ZAG in patients with hypertension and its association with related characteristics. Methods. 32 hypertension patients and 42 normal controls were recruited and the relationship between serum ZAG, total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and metabolic-related parameters was investigated. Results. Serum ZAG concentrations were significantly lowered in patients with hypertension compared with healthy controls (61.4 ± 32 versus 78.3 ± 42 μg/mL, P<0.05). The further statistical analysis demonstrated that serum ZAG levels were negatively correlated with waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (r=−0.241, P<0.05) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (r=−0.243, P<0.05). Additionally, serum HMW adiponectin significantly decreased, while TNFα greatly increased in hypertension patients as compared with healthy controls (2.32 ± 0.41 versus 5.24 ± 1.02 μg/mL, 3.30 ± 1.56 versus 2.34 ± 0.99 pg/mL, P<0.05). Conclusions. Serum ZAG levels are significantly lowered in hypertension patients and negatively correlated with obesity-related item WHR, suggesting ZAG is a factor associated with hypertension.

scholarly journals Relationships between Vitamin D and Selected Cytokines and Hemogram Parameters in Professional Football Players—Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7124
Author(s):  
Anna Książek ◽  
Aleksandra Zagrodna ◽  
Anna Bohdanowicz-Pawlak ◽  
Felicja Lwow ◽  
Małgorzata Słowińska-Lisowska
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
The Relationship

Vitamin D affects both innate and adaptive immunity. Most of the effects of vitamin D on innate immunity are anti-inflammatory. In monocytes/macrophages, vitamin D suppresses the production of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between 25(OH)D concentration and selected cytokines—IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, which are hemogram parameters for professional football players. We enrolled 41 Polish premier league soccer players. The mean age, career duration, and VO2max were, respectively: 22.7 ± 5.3 years, 14.7 ± 4.5 years, and 55.8 ± 4.0 mL/kg/min. Serum levels of 25(OH)D were measured by electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA) using the Elecsys system (Roche, Switzerland). Serum levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α were measured by ELISA (R&D Systems, Minneapolis). Blood count with smear was measured on a Sysmex XT-4000i analyzer (Sysmex Corporation, Japan). Our study showed decreased serum 25(OH)D levels in 78% of the professional players. We found a significant negative correlation between 25(OH)D levels and TNF-α and LYMPH (%). The results also demonstrated a statistically significant positive correlation between vitamin D levels and NEUTH (%), NEUTH (tys/µL), and EOS (tys/µL). Based on the results of our study, we concluded that football players from Poland are not protected against vitamin D insufficiency in winter months. Moreover, vitamin D deficiency may be associated with an increased pro-inflammatory risk in well-trained athletes.

scholarly journals Alteration of Serum Levels of Cytokines in Schizophrenic Patients before and after Treatment with Risperidone

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esfandiar Azizi ◽  
Ahmad Zavaran Hosseini ◽  
Sara Soudi ◽  
Ahmad Ali Noorbala
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Ifn Γ

A growing body of evidence suggests the existence of abnormalities in the immune system of schizophrenic patients. The current study examined serum levels of interleukin (IL) -1β, IL-6, IL-2,interferon(IFN) -γ, and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α in schizophrenic patients before and after treatment with risperidone and correlated levels of these cytokines with symptomatology. The study group consisted of 24 schizophrenic patients as defined by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition (DSM-IV) criteria and 24 healthy controls. Serum cytokine levels were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Schizophrenic symptomatology was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) questionnaire. The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly higher in participants before treatment compared with the healthy controls and after treatment (p<0.001). IFN-γ and IL-2 levels were significantly lower in participants after treatment compared with before treatment and the healthy controls (p<0.001). Except for IL-6 (p<0.05), there was no significant difference in the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β between the patients receiving treatment and the healthy subjects. Moreover, there was no significant difference in levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 between patients before treatment and the healthy subjects. There were no significant correlations between the concentration of cytokines studied and the PANSS. Positive intercorrelations between the production of IFN-γ and IL-2 were detected for sums of all groups(r=0.33, p=0.005). Clinical improvement of treated patients was associated with a reduction in the studied cytokines. It seems that changes in the cytokines level may play a significant role in the psychopathology of these patients.

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