Open Data in a Big Data World

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  

AbstractFour major international science organisations (ICSU, ISSC, IAP and TWAS) have joined together to develop and support an accord that includes a set of guiding principles on open access to big data, which is necessary to protect the scientific process and assure that developing countries can participate more fully in the global research enterprise. Limits on access to big data knowledge, they warn, raises the risk that progress will slow in areas such as advanced health research, environmental protection, food productio,n and the development of smart cities.

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
Jitendra Shrestha

Health system should be supported by health research to deliver quality, accountable, equitable, fairer, better health care to target population.1  Earlier; defenseless people like prisoners, soldiers, poor and mentally ill along with animals were subjected to medical research without taking consent. As time pass by, new emerging health problems, shifting of epidemiological trends in disease patterns, rapid increase in population, new and emerging health problems, increasing commercial interests of private health sector and shrinking resources all contribute in inequity to health care.2  Hence it is extremely important that research addresses priorities and focuses on the most important health issues and conditions. Research must serve as a driver for health system, policies and practice. For this to happen, the health research systems should be fully accountable for sake of transparency and also have to be capable of delivering the desired returns. We are fortune to take benefit from documented experiences from history. The main goal of medical research article is to share one’s valuable experience so as to contribute to the progress of science.3  Conducting a medical research and publishing it in a medical journal, is sharing an important knowledge and experience to the world. A physician from one part of the world may have significant load of certain disease and sharing management experience in that particular disease may help doctors of other part of the world treat such kind of patient. Furthermore, author may also have individual benefits, like higher positions in academic hierarchy.4  The Journal of the institution reflects the academics wealth of the institute. Earlier, only few used to grab opportunities for professional growth via publication, majority of them suffer to lack of publication culture in the institution resulting in fossilization of their professional caliber.5  In developing countries like ours, to do quality medical research is often difficult. Furthermore, getting the article published in medical journal is another challenge. Leading international medical journals underreport on health research priorities for developing countries because of improper material, methods quality. Many factors play role in the paucity of inclusion of research papers from developing countries. Lack of resources like funding, proper man power and less access to scientific literature in similar setting leading to poor research output, faulty manuscript preparation and language proficiency may be the common problems. Inadequate laboratory facilities and training may be the other cause. Hence, researchers in developing countries should be supported and encouraged to produce material of the quality by proper guidance and required trainings. Open access journal is the window to the research world. It is one of the tools to increase publications. These journals facilitate the publication of local research output and may play defining role in helping researcher to improve their publication records, and make it accessible to other researchers. This type of open access journal is an important entity in national publishing that will hopefully gain broader prominence as awareness increases and the above efforts are implemented. To make our journal an index and of international stature is strenuous but with the help from our fraternity, we will surely reach the goal soon. Our journal will surely serve as a medium to access information, updated knowledge and a symbol of ideal journal in Nepal.  This journal is the result of hard work, dedication and sacrifice. We apologize for taking this extra long time to publish but as they say ‘good things come to those who wait’ we proudly present you our journal, our masterpiece. No one is to be blamed for the delay of this process. Working with teachers, selecting experts for review, suggesting authors, verifying manuscripts, editing and proof reading was an arduous job but was done meticulously. We run out of words to express our gratitude to the reviewers who reviewed and upgraded the journal’s contents. It is very hard to imagine this journal with their crucial help and guidance. We apologize for not being able to incorporate all the articles due to some academic standards and expectations.  I would also like to take this opportunity to thank Dr. Angel Magar, without whom this journal would be impossible. His valuable guidence help us shape the journal. We shall forever the indebted to him for his support. Dr. Bibek Rajbhandari is another individual we need to thank. His hard work and dedication can be seen in our journal. We are grateful for his help and support. We appreciate everything he has done selflessly and for the betterment of the journal.  We would like to acknowledge Dr. Krishna Rana (JNMA Assistant Editor) and JNMA Trainees (Asmita Neupane, Rakshya Pandey, Suzit Bhusal, Suraj Shrestha, Nabin Sundas, Prastuti Shrestha, Riyaz Shrestha, Prabha Bhandari, Nita Lohala, Samiksha Lamichhane, Sushmita Bhattarai, Laxman Aryal, Barsha Karki and Kajol Ghimire, Sushil Dahal, Shraddha Bhattarai) for the consistent support during the phase of publication.  REFERENCES  Inis C. The WHO Strategy on research for Health. France:WHO,2012.  Santosa A, Wall S,Fottrell E,Hogberg U, Byass P.The Deveopment and experience of epidemological transition theory over four decades: a systematic review. Glob Health Action.2014;7:10.  Mohmoud F, Mohamed F. A practical guide for health researchers. Eastern Mediteranean:WHO Regional Publications, 2004.  Clauset A, Arbesmans, Larremore D. Systematic inequtiy and hierarcy i faculty hiring networks. Sci.Adv.2015;1:e 1400005.  Koul B, Kanwar A (ed.). Toward a Culture of Quality. Vancouver:Common Wealth of Learning, 2006.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Durán Ruiz

The importance of cities and their populations grow more and more, as well as the need to apply ICT in their management to reduce their environmental impact and improve the services they offer to their citizens. Hence the concept of smart city arises, a transformation of urban spaces that the European Union is strongly promoting which is largely based on the use of data and its treatment using Big data and Artificial Intelligence techniques based in algorithms. For the development of smart cities it is basic, from a legal point of view, EU rules about open data and the reuse of data and the reconciliation of the massive processing of citizens' data with the right to privacy, non-discrimination and protection of personal data. The use of Big data and AI needed for the development of smart city projects requires a particular respect to data protection regulations. In this sense, the research explores in depth the specific hazards of vulnerating this fundamental right in the framework of smart cities due to the use of Big Data and AI.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Gregory ◽  
Lewis Killin ◽  
Hannah Pullen ◽  
Clare Dolan ◽  
Matthew Hunter ◽  
...  

BACKGROUND Background: Harnessing the power of big data has unexplored potential in the field of dementia and brain health research. However, as interest in big data increases it is important to learn what the public understands about the use of their routinely collected healthcare data for research purposes, and their attitudes to such use. Participants’ data is increasingly collected in studies with open-data access processes in place, and through informed consent processes, participants show their willingness to share their data in this way. There remains an inherent flaw in research studies whereby the participants may not reflect the population at large representing a sampling bias. Access to medical records allows research studies to include a wholly representative sample. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore attitudes held by members of the public on the use of their healthcare data for dementia research purposes. METHODS Methods: Data was collected in a series of focus groups with semi-structured discussions. Transcripts from the focus groups were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Results: Participants reported a willingness for their anonymised healthcare data to be accessed and used for research purposes, with some caveats for identifiable or highly sensitive data. Participants were happier for trusted organisations, such as the UK’s National Health Service and universities, to access their data compared to pharmaceutical companies. Clear and transparent communication about both the use of healthcare data in research studies and about study results was highlighted as important to participants. There was general misunderstanding about what healthcare data included and how researchers use healthcare data. CONCLUSIONS Conclusions: Overall, our findings underline the importance of clear communication to build trust and understand in the public about how their healthcare data can be used to support high quality dementia and brain health focussed data research. CLINICALTRIAL NA


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7531
Author(s):  
Wadee Alhalabi ◽  
Miltiadis Lytras ◽  
Nada Aljohani

The evolution in knowledge management and crowdsourcing research provides new data-processing capabilities. The availability of both structured and unstructured open data formats offers unforeseen opportunities for analytics processing and advanced decision-making. However, social sciences research is facing advanced, complicated social challenges and problems. The focus of this study is to analyze the contribution of crowdsourcing techniques to the promotion of advanced social sciences research, exploiting open data available from the geographical positioning system (GPS) to analyze human behavior. In our study, we present the conceptual design of a device that, with the help of a global positioning system-data collection device (GPS-DCD), associates behavioral aspects of human life with place. The main contribution of this study is to integrate research in computer science and information systems with that in social science. The prototype system summarized in this work, proves the capacity of crowdsourcing and big data research to facilitate aggregation of microcontent related to human behavior toward improved quality of life and well-being in modern smart cities. Various ethical issues are also discussed to promote the scientific debate on this matter. Our study shows the capacity of emerging technologies to deal with social challenges. This kind of research will gain increased momentum in the future due to the availability of big data and new business models for social platforms.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4557
Author(s):  
Mladen Amović ◽  
Miro Govedarica ◽  
Aleksandra Radulović ◽  
Ivana Janković

Smart cities use digital technologies such as cloud computing, Internet of Things, or open data in order to overcome limitations of traditional representation and exchange of geospatial data. This concept ensures a significant increase in the use of data to establish new services that contribute to better sustainable development and monitoring of all phenomena that occur in urban areas. The use of the modern geoinformation technologies, such as sensors for collecting different geospatial and related data, requires adequate storage options for further data analysis. In this paper, we suggest the biG dAta sMart cIty maNagEment SyStem (GAMINESS) that is based on the Apache Spark big data framework. The model of the GAMINESS management system is based on the principles of the big data modeling, which differs greatly from standard databases. This approach provides the ability to store and manage huge amounts of structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data in real time. System performance is increasing to a higher level by using the process parallelization explained through the five V principles of the big data paradigm. The existing solutions based on the five V principles are focused only on the data visualization, not the data themselves. Such solutions are often limited by different storage mechanisms and by the ability to perform complex analyses on large amounts of data with expected performance. The GAMINESS management system overcomes these disadvantages by conversion of smart city data to a big data structure without limitations related to data formats or use standards. The suggested model contains two components: a geospatial component and a sensor component that are based on the CityGML and the SensorThings standards. The developed model has the ability to exchange data regardless of the used standard or the data format into proposed Apache Spark data framework schema. The verification of the proposed model is done within the case study for the part of the city of Novi Sad.


Smart Cities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-675
Author(s):  
Richard B. Watson ◽  
Peter J. Ryan

Australian governments at all three levels—local (council), state, and federal—are beginning to exploit the massive amounts of data they collect through sensors and recording systems. Their aim is to enable Australian communities to benefit from “smart city” initiatives by providing greater efficiencies in their operations and strategic planning. Increasing numbers of datasets are being made freely available to the public. These so-called big data are amenable to data science analysis techniques including machine learning. While there are many cases of data use at the federal and state level, local councils are not taking full advantage of their data for a variety of reasons. This paper reviews the status of open datasets of Australian local governments and reports progress being made in several student and other projects to develop open data web services using machine learning for smart cities.


Author(s):  
Javier Guallar ◽  
José-Ricardo López-Robles ◽  
Ernes Abadal ◽  
Nadia-Karina Gamboa-Rosales ◽  
Manuel-Jesús Cobo

Scientific journals are a fundamental instrument for the dissemination of research results. Spanish Library and Information Science (LIS) journals have achieved a prominent presence in international databases. By studying the articles published in them, it is possible to determine the thematic evolution of research in LIS, a subject on which few studies are available. The current work presents a bibliometric and thematic analysis of Spanish journals included in the Information Science and Library Science category of the Web of Science between 2015 and 2019. On the one hand, the production of the journals is identified and analyzed individually and as a group, according to the data available in the WoS Core Collection, considering the productivity of authors, citations, organizations, countries, and core publications. On the other hand, the production of journals as a whole is analyzed using SciMAT, an open-source software tool developed to perform science mapping analysis in a longitudinal framework by identifying research themes that have been the object of research during the period of analysis as well as their composition, relationship, and evolution. The results highlight the specialization of Spanish LIS journals in a series of topics that can be grouped into five main areas, in order of importance: social networks and digital media, bibliometrics and scholarly communication, open access, open data and big data, libraries, and information and knowledge management. Likewise, these journals have opened up their thematic focus to other disciplines, among which Communication stands out prominently, as reflected in the established thematic categories. This study establishes a reference framework for researchers in the Information Science and Library Science area, making it possible to understand new relationships and research opportunities both inside and outside the original knowledge area. Resumen Las revistas científicas son el instrumento fundamental para la difusión de los resultados de la investigación. Las revistas españolas de Documentación han conseguido una presencia destacada en bases de datos internacionales. A partir del estudio de los artículos publicados en ellas se puede conocer cuál es la evolución temática de la investigación en Documentación, un asunto sobre el que existen pocos estudios. En este artículo se presenta un análisis bibliométrico y temático de las revistas españolas incluidas en el área de conocimiento de Information Science & Library Science de Web of Science entre 2015 y 2019. Por una parte, se identifica y analiza la producción de las revistas de manera individual y conjunta según los datos disponibles en la Web of Science Core Collection, atendiendo a la productividad de los autores, número de citas, organizaciones, países y principales publicaciones. Por otra, se analiza la producción del conjunto de revistas utilizando SciMAT, software bibliométrico de código abierto para la creación de mapas científicos, identificando los temas que han sido objeto de investigación durante el período de análisis, su composición, relación y evolución. Entre los resultados, se aprecia la especialización de las revistas españolas de Documentación en una serie de temáticas que se han agrupado en cinco grandes áreas, por orden de importancia: Redes sociales y medios digitales; Bibliometría y comunicación académica; Open access, open data y big data; Bibliotecas; y Gestión de la información y el conocimiento. Asimismo, estas revistas han ido abriendo el foco temático hacia otras disciplinas, entre las cuales la Comunicación destaca de manera prominente, como queda reflejado en las categorías temáticas establecidas. El estudio permite establecer un marco de referencia para investigadores del área de Información y Documentación, posibilitando la comprensión de nuevas relaciones y oportunidades de investigación, dentro y fuera del área de conocimiento original. Palabras clave


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Prakoso Bhairawa Putera ◽  
Rostiena Pasciana

This article aims to investigate the trend of scientific publications under ‘big data and policy’ research during the last two decades, including the dynamics of the network structure of researchers and the institutions. Bibliometrics is utilized as a tool to reveal the dynamics of scientific discussions that occur through articles, published in international journals indexed/contained in the Scopus database; meanwhile, the analysis visualization is performed by using VOSviewer 1.6.16. The search results indicate that the United States serves as the country of origin for most productive author affiliations in publishing articles, the University of Oxford (United Kingdom) serves as the home institution for most productive author affiliations, and Williamson, B., from the University of Edinburgh (United Kingdom), is considered as the most prolific writer. In addition, the Swiss Sustainability Journal from MDPI is cited as the source for the most widely discussed publication topic in its journals. Further, ‘Big Data for Development: A Review of Promises and Challenges’ is regarded as the article with the most references. Additionally, the most discussed topics on ‘big data and policy’ include smart cities, open data, privacy, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data science.


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