Measurement of serum amyloid A1 (SAA1), a major isotype of acute phase SAA

2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Xu ◽  
Toshiyuki Yamada ◽  
Takahiko Satoh ◽  
Yasuaki Okuda
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Amyloid Deposits ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractSerum amyloid A (SAA), a plasma precursor of reactive amyloid deposits, is a multigene product. SAA1 and SAA2, with primary structures that are 93% identical (98 of 104 amino acids), behave as acute phase proteins, as demonstrated by their increasing levels in plasma. Heretofore, it has been understood that SAA1 predominates and functions as an isotype in plasma. However, accurate measurements differentiating the two isotypes have not been reported. In this study, using monoclonal antibodies specific for SAA1, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for SAA1. The levels and ratios of SAA1 in total SAA (TSAA) were investigated in healthy subjects and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The SAA1/TSAA ratio was 74±12% and 77±12% in healthy subjects and RA patients, respectively. In RA patients, the ratios were not influenced by SAA1 genotype, which has been proposed to affect plasma SAA values. The kinetics of SAA1 in inflamed patients undergoing hemodialysis was found to be parallel with total SAA and C-reactive protein. Finally, this study confirmed that SAA1 is a major isotype of acute phase SAA and may determine total SAA values. This specific assay could be used in the evaluation of SAA behavior in several clinical conditions.

The acute phase response and C-reactive protein

2020 ◽  
pp. 2199-2207
Author(s):  
Mark B. Pepys
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Serum Amyloid A Protein

The acute phase response—trauma, tissue necrosis, infection, inflammation, and malignant neoplasia induce a complex series of nonspecific systemic, physiological, and metabolic responses including fever, leucocytosis, catabolism of muscle proteins, greatly increased de novo synthesis and secretion of a number of ‘acute phase’ plasma proteins, and decreased synthesis of albumin, transthyretin, and high- and low-density lipoproteins. The altered plasma protein concentration profile is called the acute phase response. Acute phase proteins—these are mostly synthesized by hepatocytes, in which transcription is controlled by cytokines including interleukin 1, interleukin 6, and tumour necrosis factor. The circulating concentrations of complement proteins and clotting factors increase by up to 50 to 100%; some of the proteinase inhibitors and α‎1-acid glycoprotein can increase three- to fivefold; but C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A protein (an apolipoprotein of high-density lipoprotein particles) are unique in that their concentrations can change by more than 1000-fold. C-reactive protein—this consists of five identical, nonglycosylated, noncovalently associated polypeptide subunits. It binds to autologous and extrinsic materials which contain phosphocholine, including bacteria and their products. Ligand-bound CRP activates the classical complement pathway and triggers the inflammatory and opsonizing activities of the complement system, thereby contributing to innate host resistance to pneumococci and probably to recognition and safe ‘scavenging’ of cellular debris. Clinical features—(1) determination of CRP in serum or plasma is the most useful marker of the acute phase response in most inflammatory and tissue damaging conditions. (2) Acute phase proteins may be harmful in some circumstances. Sustained increased production of serum amyloid A protein can lead to the deposition of AA-type, reactive systemic amyloid.

scholarly journals The Acute-Phase Proteins Serum Amyloid A and C Reactive Protein in Transudates and Exudates

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra M. Okino ◽  
Cristiani Bürger ◽  
Jefferson R. Cardoso ◽  
Edson L. Lavado ◽  
Paulo A. Lotufo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Protein Serum ◽  
Serum Ratio

The distinction between exudates and transudates is very important in the patient management. Here we evaluate whether the acute-phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA), in comparison with C reactive protein (CRP) and total protein (TP), can be useful in this discrimination. CRP, SAA, and TP were determined in 36 exudate samples (27 pleural and 9 ascitic) and in 12 transudates (9 pleural and 3 ascitic). CRP, SAA, and TP were measured. SAA present in the exudate corresponded to10%of the amount found in serum, that is, the exudate/serum ratio (E/S) was0.10±0.13. For comparison, the exudate/serum ratio for CRP and TP was0.39±0.37and0.68±0.15, respectively. There was a strong positive correlation between serum and exudate SAA concentration (r=0.764;p<0.0001). The concentration of SAA in transudates was low and did not overlap with that found in exudates (0.02-0.21 versus 0.8–360.5 g/mL). SAA in pleural and ascitic exudates results mainly from leakage of the serum protein via the inflamed membrane. A comparison of the E/S ratio of SAA and CRP points SAA as a very good marker in discriminating between exudates and transudates

scholarly journals Regulation of rabbit acute phase protein biosynthesis by monokines

1988 ◽  
Vol 253 (3) ◽  
pp. 851-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Mackiewicz ◽  
M K Ganapathi ◽  
D Schultz ◽  
D Samols ◽  
J Reese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Primary Hepatocyte Cultures ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Necrosis Factor

We defined the acute phase behaviour of a number of rabbit plasma proteins in studies (in vivo) and studied the effects of monokine preparations on their synthesis by rabbit primary hepatocyte cultures. Following turpentine injection, increased serum levels of C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A protein, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, and decreased concentrations of albumin were observed. In contrast to what is observed in man, concentrations of alpha 2-macroglobulin and transferrin were increased. Co-culture of primary hepatocyte cultures with lipopolysaccharide-activated human peripheral blood monocytes or incubation with conditioned medium prepared from lipopolysaccharide-activated human or rabbit monocytes resulted in dose-dependent induction of serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin and transferrin and depression of albumin synthesis, while C-reactive protein synthesis and mRNA levels remained unchanged. A variety of interleukin-1 preparations induced dose-dependent increases in the synthesis and secretion of serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin and transferrin and decreased albumin synthesis. Human recombinant tumour necrosis factor (cachectin) induced a dose-dependent increase in synthesis of haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin. In general, human interleukin-1 was more potent than mouse interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor. None of the monokines we studied had an effect on C-reactive protein synthesis or mRNA levels. These data confirm that C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin display acute phase behaviour in the rabbit, and demonstrate that, in contrast to their behaviour in man, alpha 2M and transferrin are positive acute phase proteins in this species. While both interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor regulate biosynthesis of a number of these acute phase proteins in rabbit primary hepatocyte cultures, neither of these monokines induced C-reactive protein synthesis. Comparison of these findings with those in human hepatoma cell lines, in which interleukin-1 does not induce serum amyloid A synthesis, suggests that the effect of interleukin-1 on serum amyloid A synthesis may be indirect.

Variations in the levels of acute-phase proteins and lactoferrin in serum and milk during bovine subclinical mastitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Aarsha Raj ◽  
Vinodkumar Kulangara ◽  
Tresamol P. Vareed ◽  
Deepa P. Melepat ◽  
Latha Chattothayil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Bacterial Organism

Abstract Variations in the levels of acute phase proteins and lactoferrin in serum and milk for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows are described in this research paper. Milking animals from two organized dairy farms in Kerala, India, were screened by California Mastitis Test (CMT), Electrical Conductivity test (EC) and Somatic Cell Count (SCC) test to identify animals affected with sub clinical mastitis (SCM). The concentrations of acute phase proteins (APP) Haptoglobin (Hp), C- reactive protein (CRP), Albumin, Lactoferrin (Lf) and α- 1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) in milk and Hp, Albumin, Serum Amyloid A (SAA) and CRP in the serum of 40 normal cows and 40 cows affected with sub clinical mastitis were assessed. Solid phase ELISA was employed for assessment of all parameters except the albumin levels, for which spectrophotometry was used. The values of Hp in milk; and SAA, AGP and Lf in serum, were significantly elevated in the group with sub clinical mastitis. Such variations were found to be independent of the specific bacterial organism causing the disease. These results show that significant variations exist in the levels of acute phase proteins Hp, AGP and Lf in milk, and SAA in serum of animals affected with subclinical bovine mastitis that are not affected by specific bacterial etiology.

Abstract B87: Acute-phase proteins (C-reactive protein and Serum Amyloid A) and post-diagnosis mammographic density in breast cancer survivors

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (11 Supplement) ◽  
pp. B87-B87
Author(s):  
Anne Dee ◽  
Roberta McKean-Cowdin ◽  
Anne McTiernan ◽  
Richard N. Baumgartner ◽  
Kathy B. Baumgartner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Mammographic Density ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A

scholarly journals Two major ruminant acute phase proteins, haptoglobin and serum amyloid A, as serum biomarkers during active sheep scab infestation

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Wells ◽  
Giles T Innocent ◽  
Peter D Eckersall ◽  
Eilidh McCulloch ◽  
Alasdair J Nisbet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Sheep Scab ◽  
Amyloid A
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