The effect of thallus size, life stage, aggregation, wave exposure and substratum conditions on the forces required to break or dislodge the small kelp Ecklonia radiata

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mads S. Thomsen ◽  
Thomas Wernberg ◽  
Gary A. Kendrick
Keyword(s):  
Life Stage ◽  
Wave Exposure ◽  
Ecklonia Radiata

To what extent do geographic and associated environmental variables correlate with kelp morphology across temperate Australia?

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meegan J. Fowler-Walker ◽  
Sean D. Connell ◽  
Bronwyn M. Gillanders
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Wave Exposure ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Ecklonia Radiata ◽  
Exposure Temperature ◽  
Ecological Patterns ◽  
Geographical Distances ◽  
Physical Variables ◽  
Australian Coastline

Intraspecific variation in morphology is common among marine algae and may allow plants to exist across a wide geography and range of environmental conditions. Morphological variation of Ecklonia radiata has been described over thousands of kilometres of the temperate Australian coastline; however, the degree to which this morphological variability is related to geographic and environmental variation is unknown. We tested the hypotheses that: (1) variation in the morphology of Ecklonia radiata, growing in both monospecific and mixed stands, is related to variation in latitude, longitude, wave exposure, temperature, depth and plant density (collectively referred to as ‘physical variables’); and (2) measures of morphological dissimilarity in E. radiata are greatest among locations that are separated by the largest geographic distances. The combined effect of the physical variables accounted for 74% of the variation in both monospecific and mixed stands. The majority of this variation was related to longitude and the remainder to wave exposure, water temperature and plant density. In monospecific stands, measures of morphological dissimilarity were consistently large between locations that were separated by the greatest geographical distances (>2500 km). The existence of such relationships may not indicate causality, but do contribute to a broad based understanding of major ecological patterns across temperate Australia’s coastline.

The effect of wave exposure on the morphology of Ecklonia radiata

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Wernberg ◽  
Mads S. Thomsen
Keyword(s):  
Wave Exposure ◽  
Ecklonia Radiata

scholarly journals Topographic shading and wave exposure influence morphology and ecophysiology of Ecklonia radiata (C. Agardh 1817) in Fiordland, New Zealand

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 1853-1864 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Wing ◽  
J. J. Leichter ◽  
C. Perrin ◽  
S. M. Rutger ◽  
M. H. Bowman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Wave Exposure ◽  
Ecklonia Radiata

scholarly journals Explaining Recruitment Stochasticity at a Species’ Range Margin

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Westerbom ◽  
Patrik Kraufvelin ◽  
Olli Mustonen ◽  
Eliecer Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Early Life Stage ◽  
Wave Exposure ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Recruitment Failure ◽  
Seawater Salinity

Advancing our understanding of how environmental variability affects the distribution of organisms is crucial for ecology and conservation. The exploration of changes in demographic patterns close to species distribution margins is important as populations here may provide a window into future population changes also elsewhere. However, the knowledge of factors causing recruitment variation is still inadequate in many systems and this deficiency is particularly evident close to species’ distribution borders. We studied the spatiotemporal variability in recruit-adult dynamics in a blue mussel, Mytilus trossulus, population to get insights into how environmental variables drive variation in recruitment and how this variability affects adult population growth. Thirty sites along a wave exposure gradient were monitored during four consecutive years. From each site, mussels were collected both from artificial recruitment units and from natural mussel beds. Our results showed high year-to-year variation in recruitment strength with high spatial variation. Mussel recruitment to artificial units and later recruitment to the benthos correlated highly. Juvenile abundances 1 year later paralleled prior recruitment strengths and caused synchronous but time-lagged changes in adult cohorts. Seawater salinity was the strongest predictor for recruitment variation, whereas sea temperature and wave exposure had low predictive power for this early life stage. For juveniles and for adults in the benthos, wave exposure explained the variation best, whereas temperature and especially salinity explained less. The results indicate that (a) the studied blue mussel population is strongly driven by variation in recruitment strength that (b) drives the size of the later cohorts, and the population is possibly even (c) recruitment limited in some years. Our study predicts a challenging future for this range population, resulting from a higher frequency of recruitment failure caused by a deteriorating sea climate. Knowledge about factors underlying variation in recruitment is thus essential for forecasting the future of this range population and for conserving its future state.

Seaweed traits linked to wave exposure determine predator avoidance

2013 ◽  
Vol 483 ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Long ◽  
L Porturas ◽  
E Jones ◽  
C Kwan ◽  
GC Trussell
Keyword(s):  
Predator Avoidance ◽  
Wave Exposure

Habitat fragmentation causes collapse of kelp recruitment

2020 ◽  
Vol 648 ◽  
pp. 111-123
Author(s):  
C Layton ◽  
MJ Cameron ◽  
M Tatsumi ◽  
V Shelamoff ◽  
JT Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
Patch Size ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbances ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Kelp Forests ◽  
Natural Disturbances ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Turf Algae

Kelp forests in many regions are experiencing disturbance from anthropogenic sources such as ocean warming, pollution, and overgrazing. Unlike natural disturbances such as storms, anthropogenic disturbances often manifest as press perturbations that cause persistent alterations to the environment. One consequence is that some kelp forests are becoming increasingly sparse and fragmented. We manipulated patch size of the kelp Ecklonia radiata over 24 mo to simulate persistent habitat fragmentation and assessed how this influenced the demography of macro- and microscopic juvenile kelp within the patches. At the beginning of the experiment, patch formation resulted in short-term increases in E. radiata recruitment in patches <1 m2. However, recruitment collapsed in those same patches over the extended period, with no recruits observed after 15 mo. Experimental transplants of microscopic and macroscopic juvenile sporophytes into the patches failed to identify the life stage impacted by the reductions in patch size, indicating that the effects may be subtle and require extended periods to manifest, and/or that another life stage is responsible. Abiotic measurements within the patches indicated that kelp were less able to engineer the sub-canopy environment in smaller patches. In particular, reduced shading of the sub-canopy in smaller patches was associated with proliferation of sediments and turf algae, which potentially contributed to the collapse of recruitment. We demonstrate the consequences of short- and longer-term degradation of E. radiata habitats and conclude that habitat fragmentation can lead to severe disruptions to kelp demography.

Palliative care for end-of-life stage in oncologic disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (45) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Lucian MIRON ◽  
Alexandru C. Grigorescu
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Life Stage
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