scholarly journals Unexpected reproductive traits of Grateloupia turuturu revealed by its resistance to bleach-based biosecurity protocols

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Capistrant-Fossa ◽  
Susan H. Brawley
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Grateloupia Turuturu ◽  
Test Strips ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Mastocarpus Stellatus ◽  
Native Algae

Abstract A non-indigenous alga, Grateloupia turuturu (Halymeniales, Rhodophyta), was discovered in the Damariscotta Estuary (Maine, USA) in 2017, over 200 km north of its last reported location. Because of the presence of coastal facilities (aquaculture, marine laboratories) among potential vectors, we evaluated a mandated biosecurity protocol, namely, seawater treated with bleach at 50 ppm (50 mg l−1) free chlorine for ≥2 h and measured using test strips, for lethality against G. turuturu and several native algae. We report unexpected resilience to bleach-treatment (Mastocarpus > Grateloupia > Palmaria). Holdfasts of G. turuturu and Mastocarpus stellatus survived 50 and 1000 ppm free chlorine, respectively. Cystocarps on cultured blades of G. turuturu were particularly resistant to bleach-treatment; they produced outgrowths on fragmenting blades that became fertile tetrasporophytes in culture, suggesting reproductive adaptations of cystocarps to stressful conditions that may have broader evolutionary significance. Juvenile, microscopic crusts of G. turuturu were also bleach-resistant if covered by diatoms, and developed upright axes. Free chlorine test strips were inaccurate in seawater, and their use could increase the risk of failed biosecurity as a vector for invasion. Because chlorination at economic and environmentally safe levels is insufficient, we recommend a combination of treatments for comprehensive biosecurity.

scholarly journals Analysis of free chlorine in aqueous solution at very low concentration with lateral flow tests

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Uta Schwenke ◽  
Dieter Spiehl ◽  
Marcel Krauße ◽  
Laura Riedler ◽  
Anna Ruppenthal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Zone ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Test Strips ◽  
Flow Test ◽  
Lateral Flow Test ◽  
Lateral Flow Tests ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Dip Test

AbstractTest strips are convenient tools for rapid, semi-quantitative analysis of a variety of parameters by dipping them for a few seconds in a sample solution followed by a simple colorimetric read-out. Their sensitivity is mainly determined by the reactivity of the test dyes on the reaction zone and is not sufficient for some applications. The detection limit of commercially available free chlorine test strips, for example, is at present not low enough to confirm the absence of this analyte as disinfectant in rinsing solutions after disinfection or to control required residual amounts of chlorine in drinking water. Therefore, we developed a user-friendly lateral flow test which is capable to detect very low amounts of free chlorine. The latter relies on a larger sample volume passing the reaction zone as compared to simple dip test strips. An amount of as low as 0.05 ppm chlorine can, however, only be detected if oxidation stable flow test substrates are used. The eventually developed flow test reaches a 10x higher sensitivity than a commercial dip test. The result is obtained within 4–5 min flow time, whereby no action is required by the user during this analysis time.

Planting time and mulching influenced vegetative and reproductive traits in strawberry (Fragaria×ananassaDuch.) in India

Fruits ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 395-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajbir Singh ◽  
Ram Roshan Sharma ◽  
Rajiv Kumar Jain
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Planting Time

APPLICATION OF ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE WATER-CONSERVATING MATERIALS IN BARLEY AGROTECHNOLOGY IN THE BSR

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
A.L. Lukin ◽  
◽  
O.B. Maraeva ◽  
V.A. Kuznetsov ◽  
V.F. Selemenev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safe Water ◽  
Environmentally Safe

FEATURES OF THE WINTER WHITE CABBAGE VARIETIES GENERATIVE DEVELOPMENT

1970 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
R. E. Kazakhmedov ◽  
М. А Magomedova
Keyword(s):  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Stem Extension ◽  
Market Competitiveness ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Selection Tasks ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
High Yields

One of the modern selection tasks in vegetable growing is quality products improving, obtaining high yields of environmentally safe wide assortment vegetables. To the new varieties of vegetable crops including winter white cabbage are specified new requirements such as market competitiveness, resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions, heat resistance of the varieties and F1 hybrids. The article is shown investigation results about studies of exogenous treatment by solutions on the base of physiologically active compounds of hormonal nature on the started process of stem extension stage activation and flowering of winter white cabbage plants. For the first time in the Dagestan conditions has been studied the possibility of hormonal regulation of the premature stem extension stage and flowering prevention of winter white cabbage after the initiation of natural induction. In our studies with an early planting there are not more than 20% of blooming plants, most varieties showed a high propensity to premature stem extension stage and flowering. The possibility of the hormonal exogenous regulation of the unfavorable winter white cabbage flowering has been revealed. The most pronounced effect on the transition to stem extension stage and flowering were provided by auxin nature preparations. In particular, treatment with NAS at a dose of 5 mg / l significantly reduced the number of blossom plants, krezatsin (50 mg / l) had a similar effect, but it was less pronounced. The use of cabbage in winter crops makes it possible to obtain two or three yields per year from the same area. Creation and introduction into production of promising and high-yielding varieties and hybrids will allow increasing production and reducing its cost.

DECONTAMINATION OF VETERINARY SURVEILLANCE OBJECTS BY NEW GENERATION MEDICINE

1970 ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
М. S. Saypullaev ◽  
А. U. Koychuev ◽  
Т. B. Mirzoeva
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
New Generation ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

The successful conduct of disinfection measures largely depends on the availability of veterinary practice a highly efficient, environmentally safe disinfectants. In this regard, finding new highly efficient disinfectant remains relevant. Studies found that the "Polied" (OOO "Razvitie XXI Vek, Russia) can be attributed to the highly efficient and environmentally friendly means. Solutions "Polied" have a high disinfectant activity against smooth and rough surfaces in the laboratory against gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria, mycobacteria and spores of microorganisms. Studies have established that solutions should be "Polied" obezzarajivatmi E. coli (EA 1257) concentrations of 0.1% on smooth surfaces and Staphylococcus aureus concentration of 0.05% in 1 hour from the calculation of 0.25-0.3 litres/m2. Disinfection of rough test surfaces against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus occurred after treatment with 0,3% solution of 3-hour exposure, at a rate of 0.5 l/m2. It was also found that 1.0% solution "Polied" fully obezzarazhivatel test the surface of mycobacteria (PCs-5) and at double the 0.6% concentration for 24 hours. Disinfection of rough test surfaces contaminated with spores of B. cereus (PCs 96) was achieved with a 4.0% solution at twice the irrigation rate of 0.5 l/m2 at an exposure of 24 hours. Toxicity solutions of the drug "Polied" refer to "moderate" threat (hazard class 3) and low-hazard substances (4 hazard class) when applied to the skin, mucous membranes of the eyes, and inhalation exposure on the respiratory system.

The improvement of the type Karatomar of Black-and-White cattle breed under the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
L. Ovchinnikova ◽  
E. Babich
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Breed Type ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
White Breed ◽  
White Cattle

In the Republic of Kazakhstan over the past decade positive changes have been observed in increasing the number of farm animals, increasing their productivity, and increasing the gross production of milk, meat and other products. At the same time the development of dairy cattle breeding is mainly due to the breeding of Black-and-White, Red Steppe, Simmental breeds and their intra-breed types as well as imported from abroad Holstein breed. The purpose of the research was to analyze ways to improve the intra-breed type Karatomar of Black-and-White breed in Northern Kazakhstan. Research work has been carried out on breeding animals such as Karatomar type cattle of Black-and-White breed in LLP “Experimental farm Zarechnoe” in the Kostanay district in the Kostanay region. The dynamics of growth and development indicators, reproductive traits of heifers of a new intra-breed type Karatomar of Black-and-White cattle have been studied. A comprehensive assessment of their economically useful traits in the first lactation, determined by the resistance of animals to climatic and forage conditions, the efficiency of breeding of animals of different genotypes has been conducted. It has been found that the replacement heifers – daughters of American breeding sires inherited precocity and showed higher growth energy after 6 months of age and continued to grow rapidly until 18 months. The advantage in metabolism was in the daughters of Holstein sires of the American selection Orbit 4078, and the increased immune status of the organism in the daughters of the sire of the domestic selection Yamal 975 as the most adapted to the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. The best ability to increasing the milk yield, stable lactation activity, high milk productivity, gross content of dry matter and nonfat milk solids have been characterized by the daughters of sires of the American selection Orbit 4078 and Lowrider 4129. Analysis of economic indicators of milk production has been shown that from cows – daughters of sires Orbit 4078 and Lowrider 4129 for 305 days of lactation received 15,8 and 15,2 % more milk of base fat, the expenditures of EFU per 1 kg of production was lower by 10,2 and 5,9 %. A higher level of profitability has been observed in the group of daughters of the sires Orbit 4078 – 35,5 % and Lowrider 4129 – 33,1 %, which was 8,5 and 10,8 % higher than in the group of daughters of the sire Yamal 975.

The use of poly additive Nabicat in the feeding of laying hens

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
S. Nikolaev ◽  
L. Andreenko
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Poultry Farming

In modern poultry farming the most urgent tasks are to search for and test new environmentally safe feed and economically justifi ed additives that stimulate productivity, positively aff ect the health of poultry, and consequently increase the livability of livestock and other important zootechnical traits. In order to maintain physiologically normal processes of life, metabolism and increase the level of productivity of poultry it needs mineral components and their chelated compounds. The purpose of this work was to increase the egg productivity of poultry by using the silicon-containing poly additive Nabicat in feeding young hens and laying hens. The researches have been carried out on the poultry cross Highsex Brown under the environments in CJSC “Poultry Farm “Volzhskaya” in the Sredneakhtubinsky area in the Volgograd region. In this paper, The optimal dose of the introduction of the silicon-containing poly additive Nabicat in the diets of young and laying hens of the cross Highsex Brown has been scientifi cally justifi ed and the biological value of using an organic form of silicon has been determined. The positive infl uence of the optimal dose of poly additive on growth, consumption, and digestibility, nutrient metabolism in the poultry body, as well as egg productivity and quality of the resulting egg has been revealed. Thus, the average egg productivity per 1 hen in the control group during the experiment period was 321,3 pcs., and in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups it was 322,6 pcs., 325,8 and 325,7 pcs., which was higher than in the control group by 0,40 %, 1,40 and 1,37 %, respectively. The average egg weight in the 1st experimental group exceeded the control by 0,43 g or 0,68 %, in the 2nd experimental group by 1,16 g or 1,84 %, in the 3rd experimental group by 0,81 g or 1,28 %. The economic eff ectiveness of using the organic silicon additive in the composition of Nabicat poly additive in the feeding of laying hens has been proved. The economic eff ect due to the use of diff erent doses of the introduction of silicon-containing poly additive Nabicat in compound feed for laying hens of the 1st experimental group was 141,66 rubles, the 2nd experimental group 962,76 rubles, and the 3rd experimental group 821,89 rubles.

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