scholarly journals Experimental investigation on the effect of drill quality on the performance of bone drilling

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khurshid Alam ◽  
Sujan Piya ◽  
Ahmed Al-Ghaithi ◽  
Vadim Silberschmidth
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Bone Drilling ◽  
Drilling Force ◽  
Grey Relational Grade ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Grey Relational ◽  
Response Variables

AbstractBone drilling is a well-known process in operative fracture treatment and reconstructive surgery. The cutting ability of the drill is lost when used for multiple times. In this study, the effect of different levels of drill wear on bone temperature, drilling force, torque, delamination around the drilling region and surface roughness of the hole was investigated using a series of experiments. Experimental results demonstrated that the wear of the drill is strongly related to the drilling force, torque, temperature and surface roughness of the drilled hole. Statistical analysis was performed to find the effect of various factors on multiple response variables in the bone drilling process. The favorable conditions for bone drilling are obtained when feed rate, drill speed and the roughness of the cutting edge of the drill were fixed at 30 mm, 2000 rpm and up to 2 mm, respectively. Further, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine the factor with a significant impact on the response variables. F-test and p-value indicated that the feed rate had the highest effect on grey relational grade followed by the roughness of the drill. This study suggests that the sharp drill along with controlled drilling speed and feed rate may be used for safe and efficient surgical drilling in bone.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Force and Torque in Bone Drilling

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Alam ◽  
R. Muhammad ◽  
A. Shamsuzzoha ◽  
A. AlYahmadi ◽  
N. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Feed Rate ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Drilling Speed ◽  
Bone Drilling ◽  
Drilling Force ◽  
Prediction And Control ◽  
Lower Torque ◽  
And Control

Bone drilling is an important and the most frequent operation in orthopaedics and other bone surgical procedures. Prediction and control of drilling force and torque are critical to safe and efficient surgeries. This paper studies the drilling force and torque arising from bone drilling process. Drilling parameters such as drilling speed, feed rate, drill size and drill condition (sharp and worn) were changed to measure the force and torque in the direction of the drill penetration. Experimental results demonstrated lower drilling force using a sharp drill compared to a worn drill for similar drilling conditions. Contrary to the drilling force, lower torque was measured using a worn drill compared to a sharp drill. The drilling force was found to decrease with increase in drill speed and increased with rise in the feed rate using both types of drills. A linear drop in drilling torque was measured with increase in drilling speed. This study provided scientific information to orthopaedic surgeons and technicians to use appropriate surgical drill and cutting parameters to avoid overstressing of the bone tissue and drill breakage during drilling operations. 

scholarly journals Analysis and optimization of laser drilling process during machining of AISI 303 material using grey relational analysis approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Chengal Reddy ◽  
Thota Keerthi ◽  
T. Nishkala ◽  
G. Maruthi Prasad Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Grey Relational Analysis ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Laser Drilling ◽  
Simultaneous Optimization ◽  
Fibre Laser ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Grey Relational

AbstractSurface roughness and heat-affected zone (HAZ) are the important features which influence the performance of the laser-drilled products. Understanding the influence of laser process parameters on these responses and identifying the cutting conditions for simultaneous optimization of these responses are a primary requirement in order to improve the laser drilling performance. Nevertheless, no such contribution has been made in the literature during laser drilling of AISI 303 material. The aim of the present work is to optimize the surface roughness (Ra) and HAZ in fibre laser drilling of AISI 303 material using Taguchi-based grey relational analysis (GRA). From the GRA methodology, the recommended optimum combination of process parameters is flushing pressure at 30 Pa, laser power at 2000 W and pulse frequency at 1500 Hz for simultaneous optimization of Ra and HAZ, respectively. From analysis of variance, the pulse frequency is identified as the most influenced process parameters on laser drilling process performance.

Investigation, sensitivity analysis, and multi-objective optimization of effective parameters on temperature and force in robotic drilling cortical bone

2017 ◽  
Vol 231 (11) ◽  
pp. 1012-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Tahmasbi ◽  
Majid Ghoreishi ◽  
Mojtaba Zolfaghari
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Process Temperature ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Drilling Speed ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Bone Drilling ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Tool Diameter ◽  
First Time

The bone drilling process is very prominent in orthopedic surgeries and in the repair of bone fractures. It is also very common in dentistry and bone sampling operations. Due to the complexity of bone and the sensitivity of the process, bone drilling is one of the most important and sensitive processes in biomedical engineering. Orthopedic surgeries can be improved using robotic systems and mechatronic tools. The most crucial problem during drilling is an unwanted increase in process temperature (higher than 47 °C), which causes thermal osteonecrosis or cell death and local burning of the bone tissue. Moreover, imposing higher forces to the bone may lead to breaking or cracking and consequently cause serious damage. In this study, a mathematical second-order linear regression model as a function of tool drilling speed, feed rate, tool diameter, and their effective interactions is introduced to predict temperature and force during the bone drilling process. This model can determine the maximum speed of surgery that remains within an acceptable temperature range. Moreover, for the first time, using designed experiments, the bone drilling process was modeled, and the drilling speed, feed rate, and tool diameter were optimized. Then, using response surface methodology and applying a multi-objective optimization, drilling force was minimized to sustain an acceptable temperature range without damaging the bone or the surrounding tissue. In addition, for the first time, Sobol statistical sensitivity analysis is used to ascertain the effect of process input parameters on process temperature and force. The results show that among all effective input parameters, tool rotational speed, feed rate, and tool diameter have the highest influence on process temperature and force, respectively. The behavior of each output parameters with variation in each input parameter is further investigated. Finally, a multi-objective optimization has been performed considering all the aforementioned parameters. This optimization yielded a set of data that can considerably improve orthopedic osteosynthesis outcomes.

scholarly journals Optimization of Surface Roughness in Deep Hole Drilling using Moth-Flame Optimization

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-2) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Anis Farhan Kamaruzaman ◽  
Azlan Mohd Zain ◽  
Razana Alwee ◽  
Noordin Md Yusof ◽  
Farhad Najarian
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Spindle Speed ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
P Value ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Deep Hole ◽  
Deep Hole Drilling ◽  
Moth Flame Optimization Algorithm

This study emphasizes on optimizing the value of machining parameters that will affect the value of surface roughness for the deep hole drilling process using moth-flame optimization algorithm. All experiments run on the basis of the design of experiment (DoE) which is two level factorial with four center point. Machining parameters involved are spindle speed, feed rate, depth of hole and minimum quantity lubricants (MQL) to obtain the minimum value for surface roughness. Results experiments are needed to go through the next process which is modeling to get objective function which will be inserted into the moth-flame optimization algorithm. The optimization results show that the moth-flame algorithm produced a minimum surface roughness value of 2.41µ compared to the experimental data. The value of machining parameters that lead to minimum value of surface roughness are 900 rpm of spindle speed, 50 mm/min of feed rate, 65 mm of depth of hole and 40 l/hr of MQL. The ANOVA has analysed that spindle speed, feed rate and MQL are significant parameters for surface roughness value with P-value <0.0001, 0.0219 and 0.0008 while depth of hole has P-value of 0.3522 which indicates that the parameter is not significant for surface roughness value. The analysis also shown that the machining parameter that has largest contribution to the surface roughness value is spindle speed with 65.54% while the smallest contribution is from depth of hole with 0.8%. As the conclusion, the application of artificial intelligence is very helpful in the industry for gaining good quality of products.

Drilling Force and Chip Morphology in Drilling of PCB Supported Hole

2011 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.P. Yang ◽  
Li Xin Huang ◽  
Cheng Yong Wang ◽  
L.J. Zheng ◽  
Ping Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Rate ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Thrust Force ◽  
Chip Morphology ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Spindle Speed ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Drilling Force ◽  
Drill Bits

Supported holes of Printed circuit board (PCB) are drilled with two different drill bits. Drilling force (thrust force and torque) and chip morphology are examined at different cutting parameters, and the effects of the two drills are discussed. The results indicate that the drilling force and chip morphology are affected by the feed rate, spindle speed and drill shape. Thrust force increases with the increasing feed rate, and decreases with the increasing spindle speed. Optimization of drill geometry can reduce the thrust force significantly, and is effective in chip breaking which can improve the chip evacuation during the drilling process.

Surface Roughness Analysis of Carbon/Glass Hybrid Polymer Composites in Drilling Process Based on Taguchi and Response Surface Methodology

2015 ◽  
Vol 1119 ◽  
pp. 622-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chye Lih Tan ◽  
Azwan Iskandar Azmi ◽  
Noorhafiza Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Spindle Speed ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Secondary Process ◽  
Drilling Process

Drilling is an essential secondary process for near net-shape of hybrid composite as to achieve the required dimensional tolerances prior to final application. Dimensional tolerance is often influenced by the surface integrity or surface roughness of the workpart. Thus, this paper aims to employ the Taguchi and response surface methodologies in minimizing the surface roughness of drilled carbon-glass hybrid fibre reinforced polymer (CGCG) using tungsten carbide, K20 drill bits. The effects of spindle speed, feed rate and tool geometry on surface roughness were evaluated and optimum cutting conditions for minimizing the aforementioned response was determined. Subsequently, response surface methodology (RSM) was utilised in finding the empirical relationships between experimental parameters and surface roughness based on the Taguchi results. The experimental analyses reveal that surface roughness is greatly influenced by feed rate and tool geometry rather than the spindle speed. This is due to the increment of feed that attributed to the increased strain rate and hence, deteriorated the surface roughness of the hybrid composite. The predicted results (via regression model) and theoretical results (via additivity law) were in good agreement with experiment results. This indicates that the regression model from response surface methodology (RSM) can be used to predict the surface roughness in machining of CGCG hybrid composite.

scholarly journals Orthopedic Bone Drilling Robot ODRO: Basic Characteristics and Areas of Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Boiadjiev ◽  
George Boiadjiev ◽  
Kamen Delchev ◽  
Ivan Chavdarov ◽  
Roumen Kastelov
Keyword(s):  
Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Bone Drilling ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
Important Input ◽  
Basic Characteristics

The orthopedic manipulation “bone drilling” is the most executed one in the orthopedic surgery concerning the operative treatment of bone fractures. The drilling process is characterized by a number of input and output parameters. The most important input parameters are the feed rate [mm/s] and the drill speed [rpm]. They play significant role for the final result (the output parameters): thermal and mechanical damages of the bone tissue as well as hole quality. During the manual drilling these parameters are controlled by the surgeon on the base of his practical skills. But the optimal results of the manipulations can be assured only when the input parameters are under control during an automatic execution of the drilling process. This work presents the functional characteristics of the handheld robotized system ODRO (Orthopedic Drilling Robot) for automatic bone drilling. Some experimental results are also shown. A comparison is made between the similar systems which are known in the literature, some of which are available on the market. The application areas of ODRO in the orthopedic surgery practice are underlined.

scholarly journals Effect of Cutting Parameter on Material Removal Rate and Surface Roughness in Deep Drilling Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa A. Abdullah  , Ahmed B. Abdulwahhab   ,   Atheer R.
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Material Removal Rate ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Spindle Speed ◽  
Cutting Conditions ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Tool Diameter ◽  
Twist Drills

In the curents study aimed to assess the effects of cutting conditions  (spindle speed, feed rate, tool diameter) parameters as input impact on material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra) as output of steel (AISI 1015). A number of drilling experiments were conducted using the L9 orthogonal array on conventional drilling machine with use feed rate (0.038,0.076,0.203) mm/rev and spindle speed (132,550,930) rpm and tool diameter (11,15,20) mm HSS twist drills under dry cutting conditions. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to determine the most significant control factors affecting on surface roughness and MRR. The result shown the tool diameter the important factor effect with (64.08%) and (76.12%) on MRR and surface roughness respectively.

scholarly journals Optimum combination of process parameters to optimize Surface Roughness and Chip Thickness during End Milling of Aluminium 6351-T6 Alloy Using Taguchi Grey Relational Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Reddy Sreenivasulu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Grey Relational Analysis ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
End Milling ◽  
Chip Thickness ◽  
Optimum Combination ◽  
Spindle Speed ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Grey Relational

In any machining operations, quality is the important conflicting objective. In order to give assurance for high productivity, some extent of quality has to be compromised. Similarly productivity will be decreased while the efforts are channelized to enhance quality. In this study,  the experiments were carried out on a CNC vertical machining center (KENT and INDIA Co. Ltd, Taiwan make) to perform 10mm slots on Al 6351-T6 alloy work piece by K10 carbide, four flute end milling cutter as per taguchi design of experiments plan by L9 orthogonal array was choosen to determine experimental trials. Furthermore the spindle speed (rpm), the feed rate (mm/min) and depth of cut (mm) are regulated in these experiments. Surface roughness and chip thickness was measured by a surface analyser of Surf Test-211 series (Mitutoyo) and Digital Micrometer (Mitutoyo) with least count 0.001 mm respectively. Grey relational analysis was employed to minimize surface roughness and chip thickness by setting of optimum combination of machining parameters. Minimum surface roughness and chip thickness obtained with 1000 rpm of spindle speed, 50 mm/min feed rate and 0.7 mm depth of cut respectively. Confirmation experiments showed that Gray relational analysis precisely optimized the drilling parameters in drilling of Al 6351-T6 alloy. 

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