scholarly journals Can somatosensory electrical stimulation relieve spasticity in post-stroke patients? A TMS pilot study

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Salles Cunha Peres ◽  
Victor Hugo Souza ◽  
João Marcos Yamasaki Catunda ◽  
Kelley Cristine Mazzeto-Betti ◽  
Taiza Elaine Grespan Santos-Pontelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Wrist Joint ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Passive Resistance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Carry Over Effect

Abstract Evidence suggests that somatosensory electrical stimulation (SES) may decrease the degree of spasticity from neural drives, although there is no agreement between corticospinal modulation and the level of spasticity. Thus, stroke patients and healthy subjects were submitted to SES (3 Hz) for 30′ on the impaired and dominant forearms, respectively. Motor evoked potentials induced by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation were collected from two forearm muscles before and after SES. The passive resistance of the wrist joint was measured with an isokinetic system. We found no evidence of an acute carry-over effect of SES on the degree of spasticity.

scholarly journals Is the Frequency in Somatosensory Electrical Stimulation theKeyParameter in Modulating the Corticospinal Excitability of Healthy Volunteers and Stroke Patients with Spasticity?

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Cavalcanti Garcia ◽  
João Marcos Yamasaki Catunda ◽  
Marcio Nogueira de Souza ◽  
Ana Paula Fontana ◽  
Sandro Sperandei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Wrist Joint ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
H Reflex ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Somatosensory electrical stimulation (SES) has been proposed as an approach to treat patients with sensory-motor impairment such as spasticity. However, there is still no consensus regarding which would be the adequate SES parameters to treat those deficits. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of applying SES over the forearm muscles at four different frequencies of stimulation (3, 30, 150, and 300 Hz) and in two intervals of time (5′ and 30′) by means of transcranial magnetic stimulation and Hoffmann’s reflex (H-reflex) in healthy volunteers (Experiments  I and II). A group of stroke patients (Experiment  III) was also preliminary evaluated to ascertain SES effects at a low frequency (3 Hz) applied for 30′ over the forearm spastic flexors muscles by measuring the wrist joint passive torque. Motor evoked potentials and the H-reflex were collected from different forearm and hand muscles immediately before and after SES and up to 5′ (Experiment  I) and 10′ (Experiments  I and II) later. None of the investigated frequencies of SES was able to operate as akeyin switching modulatory effects in the central nervous system of healthy volunteers and stroke patients with spasticity.

scholarly journals Carry-over effect in integrated volitional control electrical stimulation of wrist extensor muscles for stroke patients

Nosotchu ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-180
Author(s):  
Chieko Usami ◽  
Hiroyuki Miyasaka ◽  
Hitomi Uematsu ◽  
Izumi Kondo ◽  
Yutaka Tomita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Volitional Control ◽  
Wrist Extensor ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Wrist Extensor Muscles ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Carry Over Effect

scholarly journals Plasticity Induced by Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation in Bilateral Motor Cortices Is Not Altered in Older Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daina S. E. Dickins ◽  
Martin V. Sale ◽  
Marc R. Kamke
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Theta Burst Stimulation ◽  
Burst Stimulation ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Theta Burst

Numerous studies have reported that plasticity induced in the motor cortex by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is attenuated in older adults. Those investigations, however, have focused solely on the stimulated hemisphere. Compared to young adults, older adults exhibit more widespread activity across bilateral motor cortices during the performance of unilateral motor tasks, suggesting that the manifestation of plasticity might also be altered. To address this question, twenty young (<35 years old) and older adults (>65 years) underwent intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) whilst attending to the hand targeted by the plasticity-inducing procedure. The amplitude of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by single pulse TMS was used to quantify cortical excitability before and after iTBS. Individual responses to iTBS were highly variable, with half the participants showing an unexpected decrease in cortical excitability. Contrary to predictions, however, there were no age-related differences in the magnitude or manifestation of plasticity across bilateral motor cortices. The findings suggest that advancing age does not influence the capacity for, or manifestation of, plasticity induced by iTBS.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Profile and Enterolactone Content of Early and Commercial Milk of Dairy Cows Supplemented with Flaked Flaxseed during the Dry Period

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2394
Author(s):  
Lucia Bailoni ◽  
Laura Da Dalt ◽  
Gianfranco Gabai ◽  
Elisa Giaretta ◽  
Nadia Guzzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Enrich Food ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Carry Over Effect

Various supplementations in animal feeding have been investigate in order to enrich food of animal origin with n-3 fatty acids. Although the effects of flaxseeds inclusion in diets for lactating dairy have already been assessed, few studies have focused on this n-3 source supplementation during the transition period. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of flacked flaxseed (200 g/head/day; 2.13% DM) dietary treatment during the dry period on milk yield and quality in the 30 days after calving. In addition, the enterolactone content in plasma (before and after calving) and in milk of cows fed diets supplemented or not with flaxseed was considered. The study demonstrated that the carry-over effect on the milk profile of C18:2, C18:3 n-3, and C20:5 n-3 was significantly higher in flaxseed diet than in the control one at 4th day of lactation. A significant increase of enterolactone on milk from flaxseed fed cows was observed only at 15 sampling day. The quick modification in fatty acid (FA) profile of the milk in the first few days of lactation suggests that the carry over effect from pre-calving flaxseed feeding at this concentration was very short lasting.

scholarly journals Brain-Computer Interface Coupled to a Robotic Hand Orthosis for Stroke Patients’ Neurorehabilitation: A Crossover Feasibility Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Cantillo-Negrete ◽  
Ruben I. Carino-Escobar ◽  
Paul Carrillo-Mora ◽  
Marlene A. Rodriguez-Barragan ◽  
Claudia Hernandez-Arenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Conventional Therapy ◽  
Stroke Rehabilitation ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Robotic Hand ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) coupled to robotic assistive devices have shown promise for the rehabilitation of stroke patients. However, little has been reported that compares the clinical and physiological effects of a BCI intervention for upper limb stroke rehabilitation with those of conventional therapy. This study assesses the feasibility of an intervention with a BCI based on electroencephalography (EEG) coupled to a robotic hand orthosis for upper limb stroke rehabilitation and compares its outcomes to conventional therapy. Seven subacute and three chronic stroke patients (M = 59.9 ± 12.8) with severe upper limb impairment were recruited in a crossover feasibility study to receive 1 month of BCI therapy and 1 month of conventional therapy in random order. The outcome measures were comprised of: Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), motor evoked potentials elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), hand dynamometry, and EEG. Additionally, BCI performance and user experience were measured. All measurements were acquired before and after each intervention. FMA-UE and ARAT after BCI (23.1 ± 16; 8.4 ± 10) and after conventional therapy (21.9 ± 15; 8.7 ± 11) were significantly higher (p &lt; 0.017) compared to baseline (17.5 ± 15; 4.3 ± 6) but were similar between therapies (p &gt; 0.017). Via TMS, corticospinal tract integrity could be assessed in the affected hemisphere of three patients at baseline, in five after BCI, and four after conventional therapy. While no significant difference (p &gt; 0.05) was found in patients’ affected hand strength, it was higher after the BCI therapy. EEG cortical activations were significantly higher over motor and non-motor regions after both therapies (p &lt; 0.017). System performance increased across BCI sessions, from 54 (50, 70%) to 72% (56, 83%). Patients reported moderate mental workloads and excellent usability with the BCI. Outcome measurements implied that a BCI intervention using a robotic hand orthosis as feedback has the potential to elicit neuroplasticity-related mechanisms, similar to those observed during conventional therapy, even in a group of severely impaired stroke patients. Therefore, the proposed BCI system could be a suitable therapy option and will be further assessed in clinical trials.

scholarly journals Changes in corticospinal excitability associated with motor learning by observing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather R. McGregor ◽  
Michael Vesia ◽  
Cricia Rinchon ◽  
Robert Chen ◽  
Paul L. Gribble
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Abductor Pollicis Brevis ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Hand Muscles ◽  
Before And After

AbstractWhile many of our motor skills are acquired through physical practice, we can also learn how to make movements by observing others. For example, individuals can learn how to reach in novel dynamical environments (‘force fields’, FF) by observing the movements of a tutor. Previous neurophysiology and neuroimaging studies in humans suggest a role for the motor system in motor learning by observing. Here we tested the role of primary motor cortex (M1) in motor learning by observing. We used single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to elicit motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in right hand muscles at rest. MEPs were elicited before and after participants observed either a video adapting her reaches to a FF or a control video showing a tutor performing reaches in an unlearnable FF. We predicted that observing motor learning would increase M1 excitability to a greater extent than observing movements that did not involve learning. We found that observing FF learning increased MEP amplitudes recorded from right first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and right abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscles. There were no changes in MEP amplitudes for control participants who observed a tutor performing reaches in an unlearnable, randomly varying FF. The observed MEP changes can thus be specifically linked to observing motor learning. These results are consistent with the idea that observing motor learning produces functional changes in M1, or corticospinal networks or both.

scholarly journals Investigation of fMRI protocol for evaluation of Gestural Interaction applied to upper-limb motor improvement

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Alexandre Fonseca Brandao ◽  
Raphael Casseb ◽  
Sara Almeida ◽  
Gilda Assis ◽  
Alline Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Evaluation Protocol ◽  
Gestural Interaction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Motor Improvement

The use of Virtual Reality (VR) systems for rehabilitation treatment as a complement to conventional therapy has grown in recent years. Upper limbs therapy using VR has already been shown useful for stroke patients. In this work, we present a pilot study aiming to investigate the use of a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) protocol to analyze brain connectivity changes in subjects undergoing upper limb training through a VR environment. Thirteen healthy subjects underwent resting-state fMRI exams before and after a VR session. Although no significant changes are expected in healthy subjects performing only one training session, this study could pave the way for future studies performed with both stroke patients or athletes performing more sessions. Indeed, no significant changes in motor cortex connectivity were found. Nonetheless, an evaluation protocol for this type of VR rehabilitation procedure was successfully established, to be used in further studies with patients or athletes.

Abstract TMP43: Differential Cortical Effect Modulated by Anodal, Cathodal and Bihemispheric Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Patients With Ischemic Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratik Y Chhatbar ◽  
William DeVries ◽  
Emily Grattan ◽  
Steven A Kautz ◽  
Wuwei Feng
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Intracortical Inhibition ◽  
Motor Threshold ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Intracortical Facilitation ◽  
Abductor Pollicis Brevis ◽  
Resting Motor Threshold

Introduction: The differential brain modulatory effects across hemispheres from different montages in stroke patients is not well established. We aimed to investigate the cortical excitability on lesional and contra-lesional hemisphere modulated by anodal, cathodal and bihemispheric montage at 4 mA tDCS strengths. Hypothesis: Bihemispheric tDCS montage induces more cortical excitability on the lesional hemisphere. Methods: Eighteen aging stroke patients with unilateral ischemic stroke of 6 or more months and inducible motor evoked potentials (MEP) underwent 3 sessions of 30 minutes 4 mA tDCS combined with occupational therapy. Each session was at least 2 days apart and consisted of one of the 3 different montages: anodal (Anode: lesional C3/C4, Cathode: non-lesional FP1/FP2), cathodal (Anode: lesional FP1/FP2, Cathode: non-lesional C3/C4), or bihemispheric (Anode: lesional C3/C4, Cathode: non-lesional C3/C4). We collected MEP size, short intracortical inhibition (SICI, 3 ms) and intracortical facilitation (ICF, 15 ms) on bilateral abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscles using single or paired pulse TMS at 5 timepoints (baseline and four post-tDCS 12 minutes apart sessions). Results: All 18 subjects had comparable resting motor threshold (rMT) across 3 montages (see A). Bihemispheric tDCS montage offered significantly larger peak-to-peak MEP responses on the lesioned cortex (ANOVA, F=8.97, P<0.01) but not on the non-lesioned cortex (ANOVA, F=0.86, P=0.42). These differences were apparent in single pulse, SICI and ICF (see B). Conclusion: Our findings support that bihemispheric montage is better suited in post-stroke motor recovery tDCS applications.

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