Three-dimensional image fusion across PET+MRI modalities based on the approach of characteristic coregistration

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Jian-qiao Peng ◽  
Wei-qiang Yin ◽  
Xiangyang Ju ◽  
Ashraf F. Ayoub ◽  
Balvinder S. Khambay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Fusion ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Feature Points ◽  
3D Vision ◽  
Matching Process ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Detectable Rate ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Hybrid Detector

AbstractBecause there is no complete three-dimensional (3D) hybrid detector integrated PET+MRI internationally, this study aims to investigate a registration approach for a two-dimensional (2D) hybrid based on characteristic localization to achieve a 3D fusion from the images of PET and MRI as a whole.A cubic-oriented scheme of “9-point and 3-plane” for a coregistration design was verified to be geometrically practical. Through 3D reconstruction and virtual dissection, human internal feature points were sorted to combine with preselected external feature points for matching process. By following the procedure of feature extraction and image mapping, the processes of “picking points to form planes” and “picking planes for segmentation” were executed. Eventually, the image fusion was implemented at the real-time workstation Mimics based on auto-fuse techniques called “information exchange” and “signal overlay”.A complementary 3D image across PET+MRI modalities, which simultaneously present metabolic activities and anatomic structures, was created with a detectable rate of 56%. This is equivalent to the detectable rate of PET+CT or MRI+CT with no statistically significant difference, and it facilitates a 3D vision that is not yet functional for 2D hybrid imaging.This cross-modality fusion is doubtless an essential complement for the existing toolkit of a 2D hybrid device. Thus, it would potentially improve the efficiency of diagnosis and therapy for oncology.

Development of Mucoadhesive Buccal Drug Delivery System of Propranolol Hydrochloride Using Aster ericoides Mucilage

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-148
Author(s):  
Ankaj Kaundal ◽  
Pravin Kumar ◽  
Rajendra Awasthi ◽  
Giriraj T. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Buccal Cavity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Fickian Diffusion ◽  
Aster Ericoides ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Buccal Tablet ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Volunteer Group

Aim: The study was aimed to develop mucoadhesive buccal tablets using Aster ericoides leaves mucilage. Background : Mucilages are naturally occurring high-molecular-weight polyuronides, which have been extensively studied for their application in different pharmaceutical dosage forms. Objective: The objective of the present research was to establish the mucilage isolated from the leaves of Aster ericoides as an excipient for the formulation of the mucoadhesive buccal tablet. Method: The mucilage was isolated from the leaves of Aster ericoides by maceration, precipitated with acetone and characterized. Tablets were prepared using wet granulation technique and evaluated for various official tests. Results: The mucilage was found to be non-toxic on A-431 and Vero cell lines. It was insoluble but swellable in cold and hot water. The results indicate that mucilage can form a three-dimensional network. The pH of the mucilage (6.82 ± 0.13) indicated that it might be non-irritant to the buccal cavity. The mucilage was found to be free from microbes. The release of drug was by Fickian diffusion. The in vivo buccal tablet acceptance was 80%. No significant difference between the diastolic blood pressure of standard and Aster tablets treated volunteer group was recorded. Conclusion: The mucilage was found to be non-toxic on A-431 and Vero cell lines. It was insoluble but swellable in cold and hot water. The results indicate that mucilage can form a three-dimensional network. The pH of the mucilage (6.82 ± 0.13) indicated that it might be non-irritant to the buccal cavity. The mucilage was found to be free from microbes. The release of drug was by Fickian diffusion. The in vivo buccal tablet acceptance was 80%. No significant difference between the diastolic blood pressure of standard and Aster tablets treated volunteer group was recorded. Other: However, to prove the potency of the polymer, in vivo bioavailability studies in human volunteers are needed along with chronic toxicity studies in suitable animal models.

GPS mHealth Intervention among People Experiencing Homelessness: A Feasibility Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia R. Moczygemba ◽  
Whitney Thurman ◽  
Kyler Tormey ◽  
Anthony Hudzik ◽  
Lauren Welton-Arndt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Care Coordination ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Hospital Visit ◽  
Mhealth Intervention ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
E Mail

BACKGROUND People experiencing homelessness are at risk for gaps in care after an emergency department (ED) or hospital visit, which leads to increased utilization, poor health outcomes, and high health care costs. The majority of homeless individuals have a cell phone of some type, which makes mobile health interventions a feasible way to connect a person experiencing homelessness with providers. OBJECTIVE To investigate the accuracy, acceptability, and preliminary outcomes of a global positioning system-enabled mobile health (GPS-mHealth) intervention designed to alert community health paramedics when people experiencing homelessness were in the ED or hospital. METHODS This was a pre-post design with baseline and 4-month post-enrollment assessments. A person experiencing homelessness taking at least two medications for chronic conditions who scored at least 10 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and had at least two ED or hospital visits in the prior 6 months was eligible. Participants were issued a study smartphone with a GPS app programmed to alert a community health paramedic when a participant entered an ED or hospital. For each alert, community health paramedics followed up via telephone to assess care coordination needs. Participants also received a daily e-mail to assess medication adherence. GPS alerts were compared to ED and hospital data from the local health information exchange (HIE) to assess accuracy. Paired t-tests compared scores on the PHQ-9, Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey, and ASK-12 adherence survey at baseline and exit. Semi-structured exit interviews examined perceptions and benefits of the intervention. RESULTS Thirty participants enrolled; the mean age was 44.1 years (SD 9.7). Most were male (67%; n = 20), White (57%; n = 17), and not working (63%; n = 19). The GPS app showed limited accuracy in ED or hospital visit alerts. Only 18.8% of the alerts aligned with HIE data (3/16), mainly due to patients not having the phone with them during the visit, phone being off, and gaps in GPS technology. There was a significant difference in depressive symptoms between baseline (M=16.9, SD=5.8) and exit (M=12.7, SD=8.2); t(19)=2.9, p=.009 and a significant difference in adherence barriers between baseline (M=2.4, SD=1.4) and exit (M=1.5, SD =1.5); t(17)=2.47, p = .025). Participants agreed that the app was easy to use (M=4.4/5 with 5 = strongly agree (SA)) and indicated the e-mail helped them remember to take their medications (M=4.6/5). Qualitative data indicated that unlimited phone access allowed participants to meet social needs and maintain reliable contact with case managers, healthcare providers, family, and friends. CONCLUSIONS mHealth interventions are feasible for and acceptable to people experiencing homelessness. Objective data from the HIE provided more accurate ED and hospital visit information, but unlimited access to reliable communication provided benefits to participants beyond the study purpose of improving care coordination. CLINICALTRIAL Not applicable

scholarly journals Efficacy evaluation of three-dimensional printing assisted osteotomy guide plate in accurate osteotomy of adolescent cubitus varus deformity

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Wei Zhang ◽  
Xin Xiao ◽  
Wen-Cheng Gao ◽  
Yan Xiao ◽  
Su-Li Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Varus Deformity ◽  
Conventional Group ◽  
Intraoperative Blood Loss ◽  
Cubitus Varus ◽  
Guide Plate ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background This present study is aimed to retrospectively assess the efficacy of three-dimensional (3D) printing assisted osteotomy guide plate in accurate osteotomy of adolescent cubitus varus deformity. Material and methods Twenty-five patients (15 males and 10 females) with the cubitus varus deformity from June 2014 to December 2017 were included in this study and were enrolled into the conventional group (n = 11) and 3D printing group (n = 14) according to the different surgical approaches. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, osteotomy degrees, osteotomy end union time, and postoperative complications between the two groups were observed and recorded. Results Compared with the conventional group, the 3D printing group has the advantages of shorter operation time, less intraoperative blood loss, higher rate of excellent correction, and higher rate of the parents’ excellent satisfaction with appearance after deformity correction (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.019, P = 0.023). Nevertheless, no significant difference was presented in postoperative carrying angle of the deformed side and total complication rate between the two groups (P = 0.626, P = 0.371). Conclusions The operation assisted by 3D printing osteotomy guide plate to correct the adolescent cubitus varus deformity is feasible and effective, which might be an optional approach to promote the accurate osteotomy and optimize the efficacy.

scholarly journals The Effect of Perioral Scan and Artificial Skin Markers on the Accuracy of Virtual Dentofacial Integration: Stereophotogrammetry Versus Smartphone Three-Dimensional Face-Scanning

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Hang-Nga Mai ◽  
Du-Hyeong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Integrated Models ◽  
Image Integration ◽  
Positional Accuracy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Face Scanning ◽  
Scanning Systems ◽  
Dimensional Face

This study evaluated the effects of different matching methods on the accuracy of dentofacial integration in stereophotogrammetry and smartphone face-scanning systems. The integration was done (N = 30) with different matching areas (n = 10), including teeth image only (TO), perioral area without markers (PN) and with markers (PM). The positional accuracy of the integrated models was assessed by measuring the midline linear deviations and incisal line canting between the experimental groups and laser scanner-based reference standards. Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests were used for statistical analyses (α = 0.05). The PM method exhibited the smallest linear deviations in both systems; while the highest deviations were found in the TO in stereophotogrammetry; and in PN in smartphone. For the incisal line canting; the canting degree was the lowest in the PM method; followed by that in the TO and the PN in both systems. Although stereophotogrammetry generally exhibited higher accuracy than the smartphone; the two systems demonstrated no significant difference when the perioral areas were used for matching. The use of perioral scans with markers enables accurate dentofacial image integration; however; cautions should be given on the accuracy of the perioral image obtained without the use of markers.

scholarly journals Acoustic Cell Patterning in Hydrogel for Three-Dimensional Cell Network Formation

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Kyo-in Koo ◽  
Andreas Lenshof ◽  
Le Thi Huong ◽  
Thomas Laurell
Keyword(s):  
Network Formation ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Fibroblast Cells ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
Cell Network ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

In the field of engineered organ and drug development, three-dimensional network-structured tissue has been a long-sought goal. This paper presents a direct hydrogel extrusion process exposed to an ultrasound standing wave that aligns fibroblast cells to form a network structure. The frequency-shifted (2 MHz to 4 MHz) ultrasound actuation of a 400-micrometer square-shaped glass capillary that was continuously perfused by fibroblast cells suspended in sodium alginate generated a hydrogel string, with the fibroblasts aligned in single or quadruple streams. In the transition from the one-cell stream to the four-cell streams, the aligned fibroblast cells were continuously interconnected in the form of a branch and a junction. The ultrasound-exposed fibroblast cells displayed over 95% viability up to day 10 in culture medium without any significant difference from the unexposed fibroblast cells. This acoustofluidic method will be further applied to create a vascularized network by replacing fibroblast cells with human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

scholarly journals Organ motion in linac-based SBRT for glottic cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annarita Perillo ◽  
Valeria Landoni ◽  
Alessia Farneti ◽  
Giuseppe Sanguineti
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Displacement Vector ◽  
Thyroid Cartilage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Target Volume ◽  
Glottic Cancer ◽  
Organ Motion ◽  
Delivery Times ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate inter- and intra-fraction organ motion as well as to quantify clinical target volume (CTV) to planning target volume (PTV) margins to be adopted in the stereotactic treatment of early stage glottic cancer. Methods and materials Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) to 36 Gy in 3 fractions was administered to 23 patients with early glottic cancer T1N0M0. Patients were irradiated with a volumetric intensity modulated arc technique delivered with 6 MV FFF energy. Each patient underwent a pre-treatment cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to correct the setup based on the thyroid cartilage position. Imaging was repeated if displacement exceeded 2 mm in any direction. CBCT imaging was also performed after each treatment arc as well as at the end of the delivery. Swallowing was allowed only during the beam-off time between arcs. CBCT images were reviewed to evaluate inter- and intra-fraction organ motion. The relationships between selected treatment characteristics, both beam-on and delivery times as well as organ motion were investigated. Results For the population systematic (Ʃ) and random (σ) inter-fraction errors were 0.9, 1.3 and 0.6 mm and 1.1, 1.3 and 0.7 mm in the left-right (X), cranio-caudal (Y) and antero-posterior (Z) directions, respectively. From the analysis of CBCT images acquired after treatment, systematic (Ʃ) and random (σ) intra-fraction errors resulted 0.7, 1.6 and 0.7 mm and 1.0, 1.5 and 0.6 mm in the X, Y and Z directions, respectively. Margins calculated from the intra-fraction errors were 2.4, 5.1 and 2.2 mm in the X, Y and Z directions respectively. A statistically significant difference was found for the displacement in the Z direction between patients irradiated with > 2 arcs versus ≤ 2 arcs, (MW test, p = 0.038). When analyzing mean data from CBCT images for the whole treatment, a significant correlation was found between the time of delivery and the three dimensional displacement vector (r = 0.489, p = 0.055), the displacement in the Y direction (r = 0.553, p = 0.026) and the subsequent margins to be adopted (r = 0.626, p = 0.009). Finally, displacements and the subsequent margins to be adopted in Y direction were significantly greater for treatments with more than 2 arcs (MW test p = 0.037 and p = 0.019, respectively). Conclusions In the setting of controlled swallowing during treatment delivery, intra-fraction motion still needs to be taken into account when planning with estimated CTV to PTV margins of 3, 5 and 3 mm in the X, Y and Z directions, respectively. Selected treatments may require additional margins.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional assessment of the anterior and inferior loop of the inferior alveolar nerve using computed tomography images in patients with and without mandibular asymmetry

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Young Kim ◽  
Michael D. Han ◽  
Kug Jin Jeon ◽  
Jong-Ki Huh ◽  
Kwang-Ho Park
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Symmetry Group ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Mandibular Asymmetry ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mandibular Body

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in configuration and dimensions of the anterior loop of the inferior alveolar nerve (ALIAN) in patients with and without mandibular asymmetry. Method Preoperative computed tomography images of patients who had undergone orthognathic surgery from January 2016 to December 2018 at a single institution were analyzed. Subjects were classified into two groups as “Asymmetry group” and “Symmetry group”. The distance from the most anterior and most inferior points of the ALIAN (IANant and IANinf) to the vertical and horizontal reference planes were measured (dAnt and dInf). The distance from IANant and IANinf to the mental foramen were also calculated (dAnt_MF and dInf_MF). The length of the mandibular body and symphysis area were measured. All measurements were analyzed using 3D analysis software. Results There were 57 total eligible subjects. In the Asymmetry group, dAnt and dAnt_MF on the non-deviated side were significantly longer than the deviated side (p < 0.001). dInf_MF on the non-deviated side was also significantly longer than the deviated side (p = 0.001). Mandibular body length was significantly longer on the non-deviated side (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in length in the symphysis area (p = 0.623). In the Symmetry group, there was no difference between the left and right sides for all variables. Conclusion In asymmetric patients, there is a difference tendency in the ALIAN between the deviated and non-deviated sides. In patients with mandibular asymmetry, this should be considered during surgery in the anterior mandible.

scholarly journals Traditional versus mirror three-dimensional printing technology for isolated acetabular fractures: a retrospective study with a median follow-up of 25 months

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 030006052110285
Author(s):  
Kai Xiao ◽  
Bo Xu ◽  
Lin Ding ◽  
Weiguang Yu ◽  
Lei Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Harris Hip Score ◽  
Acetabular Fractures ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective To assess the outcomes of traditional three-dimensional (3D) printing technology (TPT) versus mirror 3D printing technology (MTT) in treating isolated acetabular fractures (IAFs). Methods Consecutive patients with an IAF treated by either TPT or MTT at our tertiary medical centre from 2012 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Follow-up was performed 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively and annually thereafter. The primary outcome was the Harris hip score (HHS), and the secondary outcomes were major intraoperative variables and key orthopaedic complications. Results One hundred fourteen eligible patients (114 hips) with an IAF (TPT, n = 56; MTT, n = 58) were evaluated. The median follow-up was 25 months (range, 21–28 months). At the last follow-up, the mean HHS was 82.46 ±14.70 for TPT and 86.30 ± 13.26 for MTT with a statistically significant difference. Significant differences were also detected in the major intraoperative variables (operation time, intraoperative blood loss, number of fluoroscopic screenings, and anatomical reduction number) and the major orthopaedic complications (loosening, implant failure, and heterotopic ossification). Conclusion Compared with TPT, MTT tends to produce accurate IAF reduction and may result in better intraoperative variables and a lower rate of major orthopaedic complications.

scholarly journals Measurement of femoral posterior condylar offset and posterior tibial slope in normal knees based on 3D reconstruction

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangxiao Bao ◽  
Shengwei Rong ◽  
Zhanjun Shi ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Yang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Tibial Slope ◽  
Posterior Tibial Slope ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
Posterior Condylar Offset ◽  
Posterior Tibial ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Posterior Condylar

Abstract Background Femoral posterior condylar offset (PCO) and posterior tibial slope (PTS) are important for postoperative range of motion after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, normative data of PCO and PTS and the correlation between them among healthy populations remain to be elucidated. The purpose of this study was to determine PCO and PTS in normal knees, and to identify the correlation between them. Methods Eighty healthy volunteers were recruited. CT scans were performed followed by three-dimensional reconstruction. PCO and PTS were measured and analyzed, as well as the correlation between them. Results PTS averaged 6.78° and 6.11°, on the medial and lateral side respectively (P = 0.002). Medial PCO was greater than lateral (29.2 vs. 23.8 mm, P <  0.001). Both medial and lateral PCO of male were larger than female. On the contrary, male medial PTS was smaller than female, while there was no significant difference of lateral PTS between genders. There was an inverse correlation between medial PCO and PTS, but not lateral. Conclusions Significant differences exhibited between medial and lateral compartments, genders, and among individuals. An inverse correlation exists between PCO and PTS in the medial compartment. These results improve our understanding of the morphology and biomechanics of normal knees, and subsequently for optimising prosthetic design and surgical techniques.

scholarly journals FSD-BRIEF: A Distorted BRIEF Descriptor for Fisheye Image Based on Spherical Perspective Model

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1839
Author(s):  
Yutong Zhang ◽  
Jianmei Song ◽  
Yan Ding ◽  
Yating Yuan ◽  
Hua-Liang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Feature Matching ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Image Feature ◽  
Feature Points ◽  
Matching Process ◽  
Feature Descriptors ◽  
Coordinate Mapping ◽  
Matching Performance ◽  
Perspective Model ◽  
Attitude Matrix

Fisheye images with a far larger Field of View (FOV) have severe radial distortion, with the result that the associated image feature matching process cannot achieve the best performance if the traditional feature descriptors are used. To address this challenge, this paper reports a novel distorted Binary Robust Independent Elementary Feature (BRIEF) descriptor for fisheye images based on a spherical perspective model. Firstly, the 3D gray centroid of feature points is designed, and the position and direction of the feature points on the spherical image are described by a constructed feature point attitude matrix. Then, based on the attitude matrix of feature points, the coordinate mapping relationship between the BRIEF descriptor template and the fisheye image is established to realize the computation associated with the distorted BRIEF descriptor. Four experiments are provided to test and verify the invariance and matching performance of the proposed descriptor for a fisheye image. The experimental results show that the proposed descriptor works well for distortion invariance and can significantly improve the matching performance in fisheye images.

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