Liver X receptors and immune regulation

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 381-387
Author(s):  
Satoshi Nunomura ◽  
Makoto Makishima ◽  
Chisei Ra
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Immune Regulation ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Liver X Receptors ◽  
Immunoglobulin Production ◽  
Intracellular Cholesterol ◽  
X Receptors ◽  
Derivatives Of

AbstractRecent studies suggest that homeostasis of lipid metabolism is crucial for the function of various immune cells. Oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol (oxysterols) are well-known regulators of lipid metabolism and have diverse functions, such as inhibition of cholesterol synthesis, efflux of intracellular cholesterol, synthesis of cholesterol esters, and activation of liver X receptors (LXRs). In this review, we introduce novel roles of the oxysterol receptors LXRs in the immune system, including regulation of inflammatory responses, T cell expansion, immunoglobulin production, and antitumor responses. We also discuss lipid-mediated signaling as a potential target for treatment of immune diseases.

Liver X receptors in immune cell function in humans

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 752-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsty E. Waddington ◽  
Elizabeth C. Jury ◽  
Inés Pineda-Torra
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Liver X Receptors ◽  
Inflammatory Stimuli ◽  
X Receptors ◽  
Species Specific

The liver X receptors (LXRs), LXRα and LXRβ, are transcription factors with well-established roles in the regulation of lipid metabolism and cholesterol homeostasis. In addition, LXRs influence innate and adaptive immunity, including responses to inflammatory stimuli, proliferation and differentiation, migration, apoptosis and survival. However, the majority of work describing the role of LXRs in immune cells has been carried out in mouse models, and there are a number of known species-specific differences concerning LXR function. Here we review what is known about the role of LXRs in human immune cells, demonstrating the importance of these receptors in the integration of lipid metabolism and immune function, but also highlighting the need for a better understanding of the species, isoform, and cell-type specific effects of LXR activation.

scholarly journals Liver X Receptors and Male (In)fertility

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheba Jarvis ◽  
Catherine Williamson ◽  
Charlotte L Bevan
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Liver X Receptors ◽  
Lipid Disorders ◽  
Male Reproductive Function ◽  
X Receptors ◽  
Lipid Balance

Liver X receptors (LXRs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors acting as ‘cholesterol sensors’ to regulate lipid homeostasis in cells. The two isoforms, LXRα (NR1H3) and LXRβ (NR1H2), are differentially expressed, with the former expressed predominantly in metabolically active tissues and the latter more ubiquitously. Both are activated by oxidised cholesterol metabolites, endogenously produced oxysterols. LXRs have important roles in lipid metabolism and inflammation, plus a number of newly emerging roles. They are implicated in regulating lipid balance in normal male reproductive function and may provide a link between male infertility and lipid disorders and/or obesity. Studies from Lxr knockout mouse models provide compelling evidence to support this. More recently published data suggest distinct and overlapping roles of the LXR isoforms in the testis and recent evidence of a role for LXRs in human male fertility. This review summarises the current literature and explores the likely link between LXR, lipid metabolism and male fertility as part of a special issue on Liver X receptors in International Journal of Molecular Sciences.

scholarly journals Regulation of Cholesterol Homeostasis and Lipid Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle by Liver X Receptors

2002 ◽  
Vol 277 (43) ◽  
pp. 40722-40728 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. O. Muscat ◽  
Brandee L. Wagner ◽  
Jinzhao Hou ◽  
Rajendra K. Tangirala ◽  
Eric D. Bischoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Liver X Receptors ◽  
X Receptors

Biological Roles of Liver X Receptors in Immune Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Pascual-García ◽  
Annabel F. Valledor
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Liver X Receptors ◽  
X Receptors

Lipid metabolism as a mechanism of immunomodulation in macrophages: the role of liver X receptors

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 18-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Leussink ◽  
Irene Aranda-Pardos ◽  
Noelia A-Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Liver X Receptors ◽  
X Receptors

Reciprocal regulation of inflammation and lipid metabolism by liver X receptors

10.1038/nm820 ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean B. Joseph ◽  
Antonio Castrillo ◽  
Bryan A. Laffitte ◽  
David J. Mangelsdorf ◽  
Peter Tontonoz
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Liver X Receptors ◽  
Reciprocal Regulation ◽  
X Receptors
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document