scholarly journals Differences in basal DNA damage in blood cells from men and women

Biomonitoring ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avdulla J. Alija ◽  
Andrew Richard Collins ◽  
Shemsedin Dreshaj ◽  
Fisnik Asllani ◽  
Ismet D. Bajraktari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Dna Damaging Agents ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractWe have recently shown that inhabitants of two polluted areas in Kosovo display more DNA damage (strand breaks in blood cell DNA) than do residents of a cleaner area. Here, we present additional analyses of these data and discuss additional data sets from Kosovo. Based on our data as well as the available data from other authors, age and sex-related differences in DNA damage or in susceptibility to DNA-damaging agents in the environment should be carefully considered when designing biomonitoring studies and when carrying out statistical analysis of the data.

scholarly journals RAD51 localization and activation following DNA damage

2004 ◽  
Vol 359 (1441) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madalena Tarsounas ◽  
Adelina A. Davies ◽  
Stephen C. West
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Genome Stability ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Focus Formation ◽  
Rad51 Protein ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Dna Damaging Agents ◽  
Binding Level

The efficient repair of double–strand breaks in DNA is critical for the maintenance of genome stability. In response to ionizing radiation and other DNA–damaging agents, the RAD51 protein, which is essential for homologous recombination, relocalizes within the nucleus to form distinct foci that can be visualized by microscopy and are thought to represent sites where repair reactions take place. The formation of RAD51 foci in response to DNA damage is dependent upon BRCA2 and a series of proteins known as the RAD51 paralogues (RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, XRCC2 and XRCC3), indicating that the components present within foci assemble in a carefully orchestrated and ordered manner. By contrast, RAD51 foci that form spontaneously as cells undergo DNA replication at S phase occur without the need for BRCA2 or the RAD51 paralogues. It is known that BRCA2 interacts directly with RAD51 through a series of degenerative motifs known as the BRC repeats. These interactions modulate the ability of RAD51 to bind DNA. Taken together, these observations indicate that BRCA2 plays a critical role in controlling the actions of RAD51 at both the microscopic (focus formation) and molecular (DNA binding) level.

scholarly journals Induction of DNA breakage in X-irradiated nucleoids selectively stripped of nuclear proteins in two mouse lymphoma cell lines differing in radiosensitivity.

1998 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 701-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kruszewski ◽  
T Iwaneńko
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Radiation Sensitivity ◽  
Lymphoma Cell ◽  
Nuclear Proteins ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Dna Damaging Agents ◽  
Mouse Lymphoma

The role of nuclear proteins in protection of DNA against ionizing radiation and their contribution to the radiation sensitivity was examined by an alkaline version of comet assay in two L5178Y (LY) mouse lymphoma cell lines differing in sensitivity to ionizing radiation. LY-S cells are twice more sensitive to ionizing radiation than LY-R cells (D0 values of survival curves are 0.5 Gy and 1 Gy, respectively). Sequential removal of nuclear proteins by extraction with NaCl of different concentrations increased the X-ray induced DNA damage in LY-R nucleoids. In contrast, in the radiation sensitive LY-S cell line, depletion of nuclear proteins practically did not affect DNA damage. Although there is no doubt that the main cause of LYS cells' sensitivity to ionizing radiation is a defect in the repair of double-strand breaks, our data support the concept that nuclear matrix organisation may contribute to the cellular susceptibility to DNA damaging agents.

scholarly journals Illegitimate Recombination Induced by Overproduction of DnaB Helicase in Escherichia coli

1999 ◽  
Vol 181 (15) ◽  
pp. 4549-4553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruhito Yamashita ◽  
Katsuhiro Hanada ◽  
Mihoko Iwasaki ◽  
Hirotaka Yamaguchi ◽  
Hideo Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Illegitimate Recombination ◽  
Replication Forks ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Dna Damaging Agents ◽  
Dnab Helicase

ABSTRACT Illegitimate recombination that usually takes place at a low frequency is greatly enhanced by treatment with DNA-damaging agents. It is thought that DNA double-strand breaks induced by this DNA damage are important for initiation of illegitimate recombination. Here we show that illegitimate recombination is enhanced by overexpression of the DnaB protein in Escherichia coli. The recombination enhanced by DnaB overexpression occurred between short regions of homology. We propose a model for the initiation of illegitimate recombination in which DnaB overexpression may excessively unwind DNA at replication forks and induce double-strand breaks, resulting in illegitimate recombination. The defect in RecQ has a synergistic effect on the increased illegitimate recombination in cells containing the overproduced DnaB protein, implying that DnaB works in the same pathway as RecQ does but that they work at different steps.

Abstract 146: White Blood Cell Count and Risk of Stroke in Men and Women: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk Prospective Population Study

Stroke ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangmei Li ◽  
Xinxue Liu ◽  
Robert N Luben ◽  
Amanda I Adler ◽  
Nicholas J Wareham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Prospective Investigation

Background and Objectives: An elevated white blood cell (WBC) count has been reported to be associated with all-cause mortality and risk of cardiovascular diseases. While the relationship between leukocyte count and coronary heart disease has been well documented, evidence on the association with risk of stroke has been less consistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between WBC count and incidence of stroke in a large cohort of disease-free men and women, and to assess how far any associations might be explained by traditional risk factors for stroke. Methods: We examined the prospective association between full blood WBC count and incident stroke in 7,392 men and 9,049 women from the general population participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk Study. Participants were aged 39-79 years, without known heart attack, stroke, and cancer at the baseline examination in 1993-1997 and were followed up for incident stroke till March 2008. Results: During the median follow-up of 12 years, 542 incident stroke cases were observed. The age- and sex- adjusted risk of incident stroke increased with the increase of WBC count. Compared to the lowest quartile of WBC count, the age- and sex- adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for stroke were 1.11 (0.86-1.45), 1.40 (1.10-1.79), and 1.65 (1.29-2.09) in the second, third, and fourth quartile, respectively. Adjusting for smoking attenuated the results, while further adjustment for socioeconomic and lifestyle risk factors changed the association very little. The association was further attenuated after adjustment for biological risk factors such as systolic blood pressure and a history of diabetes at baseline, but people with the highest quartile of WBC count still had a higher risk of stroke than those in the lowest quartile (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.02-1.71). Every 2*10 9 /L increase in WBC count was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.14 (95% CI 1.02-1.26) for stroke in the fully-adjusted model which included age, sex, smoking status, BMI, social class, educational level, alcohol intake, physical activity, systolic blood pressure, a history of diabetes at baseline, and total serum cholesterol. Conclusions: A positive association between WBC count and stroke was observed in these middle-aged and older men and women. Adjustment for smoking attenuated the association while multivariate adjustment for other risk factors did not further change the results.

scholarly journals Atmospheric pollution in Kosovo is associated with increased DNA damage in the human population

Biomonitoring ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avdulla J. Alija ◽  
Fisnik Asllani ◽  
Ismet D. Bajraktari ◽  
Andrew Richard Collins ◽  
Shemsedin Dreshaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Alkaline Comet Assay ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Unpolluted Area ◽  
Polluted Sites

Abstract:In order to assess DNA damage associated with exposure to environmental pollution in two polluted sites and one control site in Kosovo, whole blood samples were collected from volunteers in two polluted areas (Kastriot/ Obiliq - lignite-based power plants and lignite mines - and Drenas/Gllogovc - Ferronikeli smelting plant) as well as from Peja, representing an unpolluted area. White blood cells were isolated, and DNA damage was analyzed by the alkaline comet assay. Significantly higher levels of DNA damage (strand breaks) were found in white blood cells from subjects living in the polluted areas compared with residents of the unpolluted city, indicating a potential threat to human health.

scholarly journals The emotion of disgust in Italian students: a measure of the synthetic disgust index

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Salvatore Settineri ◽  
Massimo Mucciardi ◽  
Valentina Leonardi ◽  
Domenico Mallamace ◽  
Carmela Mento
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Maximum Score ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Synthetic Indicator ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Age And Sex

Research in the field of emotions has highlighted that men and women differ as regards the perception and reaction to disgust. The aim of our study was to analyse, by means of a questionnaire on disgust, any gender differences regarding this feeling in its various dimensions, viewed both individually and globally. For this purpose a synthetic indicator was developed to evaluate the expression of disgust and identify any individual differences. The sample of 1587 subjects were given a questionnaire on disgust that contained items to elicit disgust. Statistical analysis was performed on the items and on the scores via a synthetic indicator, the Synthetic Disgust Index (SDI).The analysis revealed a different trend in different types of disgust for age and sex. In males. The oral disgust and contamination showed a reduction of SDI in the age group between 18 and 39 years (p<0.05) and a maximum score in the group of subjects 40-64 years. In females the maximum score was present in the first group (0-17 ) for all dimensions of disgust except for disgust for aggressive content (p<0.05). The oral disgust and contamination showed a reduction of SDI in the age group between 18 and 39 years (p<0.05) with a general tendency to decrease with age.

scholarly journals Continuous changes in biological levels of complete blood count in a high altitude area of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205031212093133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Luo ◽  
Lei Feng ◽  
XueJing Bai ◽  
JiangXian Zhu ◽  
GuanCheng Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cell Parameters

Objectives: We aimed to establish a new reference interval of blood cell parameters by classifying and counting blood Cells of 16- to 85-year-old healthy volunteers and observing continuous changes with age. Methods: We analyzed the blood cell parameters of 42,678 cases (men, 24,406; women, 18,272), and compared the blood cell parameters of men and women in different age groups using an independent samples t-test. Using limits of 2.5%–97.5%, a 90% confidence interval was used to develop new reference intervals. Results: Counts of blood cell parameters, including white blood Cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, red blood Cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, distribution width of red blood Cells and platelets, were found to differ between men and women in different age groups. These parameters were used to establish a new reference interval of blood Cells. Conclusion: The blood cell parameters of both men and women changed with increasing age. The reference interval that we established will provide more accurate basic evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

scholarly journals 3′-Phosphodiesterase and 3′→5′ Exonuclease Activities of Yeast Apn2 Protein and Requirement of These Activities for Repair of Oxidative DNA Damage

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1656-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildiko Unk ◽  
Lajos Haracska ◽  
Satya Prakash ◽  
Louise Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Dna Polymerases ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Abasic Sites ◽  
Dna Damaging Agents ◽  
End Groups ◽  
Dna Strand

ABSTRACT In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the AP endonucleases encoded by the APN1 and APN2 genes provide alternate pathways for the removal of abasic sites. Oxidative DNA-damaging agents, such as H2O2, produce DNA strand breaks which contain 3′-phosphate or 3′-phosphoglycolate termini. Such 3′ termini are inhibitory to synthesis by DNA polymerases. Here, we show that purified yeast Apn2 protein contains 3′-phosphodiesterase and 3′→5′ exonuclease activities, and mutation of the active-site residue Glu59 to Ala in Apn2 inactivates both these activities. Consistent with these biochemical observations, genetic studies indicate the involvement of APN2 in the repair of H2O2-induced DNA damage in a pathway alternate to APN1, and the Ala59 mutation inactivates this function of Apn2. From these results, we conclude that the ability of Apn2 to remove 3′-end groups from DNA is paramount for the repair of strand breaks arising from the reaction of DNA with reactive oxygen species.

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