scholarly journals The role of vitamins in the diet of the elderly II. Water-soluble vitamins

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Csapó ◽  
Cs. Albert ◽  
J. Prokisch
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Vitamin Deficiency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Water Soluble Vitamin ◽  
Gastrointestinal Problems

AbstractFollowing a presentation of humans’ water-soluble vitamin requirements, the authors will discuss in detail the role these vitamins play in human organism and outline those major biochemical processes that are negatively affected in the body in case of vitamin deficiency. They point out that in the elderly population of developed countries cases of water-soluble vitamin deficiency are extremely rare and they are due to the lack of dietary vitamin, but mostly to the vitamin being released from its bindings, the difficulty of free vitamin absorption, gastrointestinal problems, medication, and often alcoholism. Among water-soluble vitamins, B12is the only one with a sufficient storage level in the body, capable of preventing deficiency symptoms for a long period of time in cases of vitamin-deficient nutrition. Each type of vitamin is dealt with separately in discussing the beneficial outcomes of their overconsumption regarding health, while the authors of the article also present cases with contradictory results. Daily requirements are set forth for every water-soluble vitamin and information is provided on the types of nutrients that help us to the water-soluble vitamins essential for the organism.

scholarly journals SILICON: ITS BIOLOGICAL IMPACT UNDER DIETARY INTAKE AND HYGIENIC STANDARDIZATION OF ITS CONTENT IN DRINKING WATER. A REVIEW

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 492-498
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Rakhmanin ◽  
N. A. Egorova ◽  
G. N. Krasovsky ◽  
R. I. Mikhailova ◽  
A. V. Alekseeva
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Western World ◽  
Balkan Endemic Nephropathy ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Therapeutic Effects

By the prevalence in the earth’s crust, silicon occupies the second place after oxygen. In different quantities silicon always presents in water and food products.The average daily dietary intake of silicon in Western world is about 20-50 mg/day. The biological role of silicon in human organism is still not clear, but it assumed to be necessary for processes of bone mineralization, collagen synthesis, it has a positive effect on the state of skin, hair, and nails, contributes to the prevention of atherosclerosis and Alzheimer disease. A number of scientific research is devoted to biological effects of silicon in animals and human subjects under intake with food and water, and substantiation of silicon (maximum admissible concentrations (MAC) in drinking water. In Chuvashia there was investigated the regional (geographical) pathology, which may be related with an increased silicon intake in association with the sharp imbalances of trace and macro elements in drinking water. Some measures were implemented to identify the possible role of silicon in etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) report summarized materials for the experimental evaluation of the toxicity and harmless levels of silicon intake with food and water in animals. A series of studies was executed to simulate the development of silicon urolithiasis and for the elucidation of the role of macro- and microelements accompanying the intake of silicon into the body in stone formation. There are studied potential therapeutic effects of water soluble silicon compounds on human health. The standards of silicon in drinking water are regulated only in Russia and Australia. At the same time in our country there were formed two opposing points of view in relation to the hygienic standardization of silicon. The first is one - MAC of silicon in drinking water needs to be cancelled, the second - MAC of silicon in the water needs to be tightened. To resolve the contradictions it is advisable to use both the experience of harmonization of standards with international requirements, and the principle of silicon regional standardization, taking into consideration the biogeochemical characteristics of geographic areas. When searching the literature databases PubMed and CyberLeninka were used.

Age-related changes in immunity: implications for vaccination in the elderly

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rania D. Kovaiou ◽  
Dietmar Herndler-Brandstetter ◽  
Beatrix Grubeck-Loebenstein
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Antigen Delivery ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
The Many

Average life expectancy is continuously rising in all developed countries, leading to an ever-increasing elderly population. Of the many functions of the body affected by the complex process of ageing, the immune system in particular undergoes various changes, collectively termed immunosenescence. As a result, elderly people are more susceptible to infections and are frequently less protected by vaccines. This review summarises the effect of ageing on immunity, emphasising the age-associated changes within T and B cells at a molecular and cellular level. Furthermore, it discusses strategies, such as the addition of immunostimulatory adjuvants and the use of potent antigen-delivery systems, that may counteract age-related defects in immune responses to vaccination. A proper understanding of how immunological memory is affected by ageing, and the introduction of strategies to ameliorate vaccine efficacy in the elderly, might reduce the incidence and the severity of infectious disease within this fragile age group and have a strong impact on the quality of life of elderly individuals.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress, Hypoxia, and Autophagy in the Neovascular Processes of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Blasiak ◽  
Goran Petrovski ◽  
Zoltán Veréb ◽  
Andrea Facskó ◽  
Kai Kaarniranta
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Rich

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of severe and irreversible loss of vision in the elderly in developed countries. AMD is a complex chronic neurodegenerative disease associated with many environmental, lifestyle, and genetic factors. Oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) seem to play a pivotal role in AMD pathogenesis. It is known that the macula receives the highest blood flow of any tissue in the body when related to size, and anything that can reduce the rich blood supply can cause hypoxia, malfunction, or disease. Oxidative stress can affect both the lipid rich retinal outer segment structure and the light processing in the macula. The response to oxidative stress involves several cellular defense reactions, for example, increases in antioxidant production and proteolysis of damaged proteins. The imbalance between production of damaged cellular components and degradation leads to the accumulation of detrimental products, for example, intracellular lipofuscin and extracellular drusen. Autophagy is a central lysosomal clearance system that may play an important role in AMD development. There are many anatomical changes in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), Bruch’s membrane, and choriocapillaris in response to chronic oxidative stress, hypoxia, and disturbed autophagy and these are estimated to be crucial components in the pathology of neovascular processes in AMD.

scholarly journals Sirtuins as Important Factors in Pathological States and the Role of Their Molecular Activity Modulators

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 630
Author(s):  
Ewa Maria Kratz ◽  
Katarzyna Sołkiewicz ◽  
Adriana Kubis-Kubiak ◽  
Agnieszka Piwowar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Available Information

Sirtuins (SIRTs), enzymes from the family of NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases, play an important role in the functioning of the body at the cellular level and participate in many biochemical processes. The multi-directionality of SIRTs encourages scientists to undertake research aimed at understanding the mechanisms of their action and the influence that SIRTs have on the organism. At the same time, new substances are constantly being sought that can modulate the action of SIRTs. Extensive research on the expression of SIRTs in various pathological conditions suggests that regulation of their activity may have positive results in supporting the treatment of certain metabolic, neurodegenerative or cancer diseases or this connected with oxidative stress. Due to such a wide spectrum of activity, SIRTs may also be a prognostic markers of selected pathological conditions and prove helpful in assessing their progression, especially by modulating their activity. The article presents and discusses the activating or inhibiting impact of individual SIRTs modulators. The review also gathered selected currently available information on the expression of SIRTs in individual disease cases as well as the biological role that SIRTs play in the human organism, also in connection with oxidative stress condition, taking into account the progress of knowledge about SIRTs over the years, with particular reference to the latest research results.

A Case Of Vitamin C Deficiency Manifesting With Easy Bruising: Suggestion For a Supplementation Protocol

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 4743-4743
Author(s):  
Aisha Zaidi ◽  
Padmini Moffett
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gingival Hyperplasia ◽  
Vitamin C Deficiency ◽  
Normal Limits

Contrary to most animals which are capable of obtaining ascorbic acid (vitamin C) by metabolizing glucose, humans require an exogenous source of vitamin C. It is a water-soluble vitamin found in various foods, including citrus fruits (oranges, lemons, grapefruit), green vegetables (peppers, broccoli, cabbage), tomatoes, and potatoes. It is essential for growth and repair of tissues, particularly blood vessels. Deficiency of vitamin C is relatively rare; the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1994) found approximately 13% of the US population to be vitamin C deficient. Smoking cigarettes lowers the amount of vitamin C in the body, so smokers are at a higher risk of deficiency. Additionally, alcoholics, the elderly, patients with psychiatric disorders and individuals who experience social isolation are also at risk. Symptoms can manifest after 3 months of deficient intake of vitamin C -containing foods. Since ascorbic acid is required for collagen synthesis, deficiency usually manifests with bleeding gums, ecchymoses, petechiae, coiled hairs and hyperkeratosis. Diagnosis can be established when plasma levels of vitamin C fall below 0.2mg/dl. There are currently no evidence based guidelines for supplementation once low levels are detected. We describe a case of a 33 year old Caucasian female seen in our clinic for easy bruising of 10 years duration. She would wake up in the morning with bruised arms and legs without any inciting trauma. She denied prolonged bleeding after dental extractions, frequent nose bleeds, menorrhagia any genitounrinary or gastrointestinal blood loss. Her exam revealed ecchymoses on her arms and legs with no evidence of perifollicular hemorrhage or gingival hyperplasia. Workup including CBC, Coagulation profile and Von Willibrand factor levels were all within normal limits. She had a vitamin C level of 0.1mg/dl. She was subsequently advised to increase vitamin C intake through fruits and vegetable and was started on vitamin C supplementation with 500mg twice a day for four weeks. Her repeat vitamin C level on her one month follow up was noted to be 1.9mg/dl. She noticed complete resolution of her symptoms. This case illustrates the fact that vitamin C deficiency should be excluded in adults presenting with bruising. It also offers a supplementation regimen that resulted in improvement of clinical symptoms as well as laboratory value normalization. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Water-soluble vitamin deficiency: Questionnaire survey in the northwest region of Algeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 493 ◽  
pp. S628
Author(s):  
S. Chellouai ◽  
N.S. Bouakline ◽  
Z. Chellouai ◽  
A.S. Benaissa ◽  
R. Moussaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Vitamin Deficiency ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water Soluble Vitamin ◽  
Northwest Region

scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency in the Elderly Patients and Role of Vitamin D in the Prevention of COVID-19 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-9
Author(s):  
Nauman Khan ◽  
. Tahmina
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
World Health ◽  
Short Report ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Underlying Diseases

SARS Covid'19 is declared as a global pandemic by World Health Organization [1]. The aim of this short report is to find out the association of Vitamin D in prevention of Covid'19 in elderly patients who are already having other co-morbidities. People of any age are susceptible to Corona virus but the elderly patients and patients with chronic underlying diseases are at higher risk. Many elderly patients with COVID-19 are at risk of mal-nutrition [2]. Vitamins are of two types, Lipid soluble vitamins and water-soluble vitamins [3]. Lipid soluble vitamins can be stored in the body while water soluble vitamins cannot be stored in the body, hence needed to take regularly [4]. Vitamin D is a lipid soluble vitamin also it can be synthesized by our own body.

USE OF ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE HUMAN ORGANISM DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1219-1225
Author(s):  
Filip Jovanovski ◽  
Toni Mitrovski ◽  
Viktorija Bezhovska
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Working Ability ◽  
The World ◽  
Growth Development

Food is not just a pleasure in life, it is also an important factor for our health. Human nutrition is a mixture of nutrients, which are the only source of energy needed for survival. Energy-poor diet endangers many life functions, and above all the working ability. In the world, the meaning of the diet is very serious, and hence the demands for a –rational, healthy and safe diet are growing. Human nutrition contains saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Essential fatty acids (EFAs) must be ingested in everyday diet because the body does not produce it. They are very important for human health. They are present in each cell of the human body and are an important factor for the normal growth, development and functioning of cells, muscles, nerves and organs. They are also used in the production of certain hormones - such as prostaglandins, which are crucial for the performance of certain important processes. The deficit from EFAs is due to a number of health problems, including more serious diseases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document