Risk factors of occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii among horses in the state of Alagoas, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra R. Fonseca de Araújo Valença ◽  
Rômulo M. Barreto Valença ◽  
José Wilton Pinheiro Júnior ◽  
Pedro P. Feitosa de Albuquerque ◽  
Orestes L. Souza Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
The State ◽  
Cutoff Point ◽  
First Report ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
And Storage

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii among horses and its associated risk factors in Alagoas, Brazil. In total, 440 samples from 36 properties in 23 districts of the state of Alagoas were studied, covering the Leste, Agreste and Sertão mesoregions. Risk factors were evaluated through the application of an investigative questionnaire that focused on the productive, reproductive and sanitary management of herds. T. gondii infection were assayed using the immunofluorescence assay (IFA) with a cutoff point of 64; 14.4% (95% CI: 11.0%-17.8%) of - horses were seropositive. A significant association was determined between anti-T. gondii antibody presence and the consumption and storage of hay (OR = 2.08 / 95% CI: 1.20-3.62). This is the first report of T. gondii infection among horses in the state of Alagoas, Brazil.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infections in swine of non-tecnified rearing farms of the northeastern region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil and associated risk factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e00080
Author(s):  
Gabriela Capriogli Oliveira ◽  
Henrique Meiroz de Souza Almeida ◽  
Raissa Saran Sartori ◽  
Gabriel Augusto Marques Rossi ◽  
Luis Guilherme de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Northeastern Region ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among healthy blood donors in two locations in Tunisia and associated risk factors

Parasite ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Arwa Lachkhem ◽  
Ibtissem Lahmar ◽  
Lokman Galal ◽  
Oussama Babba ◽  
Habib Mezhoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Birth Place ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that can be transmitted to humans through a variety of routes including blood transfusion. This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection and associated risk factors in healthy blood donors in Tunisia. A total of 800 healthy blood donors from two blood centers in south and coastal Tunisia were analyzed for anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISA), respectively. Structured questionnaires were used to gather information on risk factors for T. gondii infection during collection. The overall seroprevalence was 44.4% of which 352 (44%) and 3 (0.4%) were positive for IgG and both IgG and IgM anti-T. gondii antibodies, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that T. gondii seropositivity was significantly associated with the birth place (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.49–4.94) and the age of the donors (adjusted OR = 4.98; 95% CI: 1.50–16.58) which are independent risk factors. In addition, the variables of hand washing before eating (adjusted OR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.37–0.74) and living in an urban environment (adjusted OR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.13–0.71) are two protective factors. This study provided the first data on the seroprevalence and epidemiology of T. gondii infection in healthy blood donors in Tunisia.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in cattle and buffaloes in the state of Pará, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 2029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jefferson Pinto de Oliveira ◽  
Alexandre Do Rosário Casseb ◽  
Anelise De Sarges Ramos ◽  
Sebastião Tavares Rolim Filho ◽  
Henrique Low Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
The State ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Group 13 ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Chi Square Test

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan that parasitizes several hosts worldwide, of which cats are definitive hosts. The objective of this study is to evaluate the risk factors associated with the epidemiology of T. gondii in cattle and buffaloes in the state of Pará, Brazil. A total of 2,070 bovine samples (1,749 cattle and 321 buffaloes) were evaluated in 100 rural properties distributed in 51 municipalities from all mesoregions of the state. The evaluated risk factors were animal gender, type of farm, and number of cats in the properties. The serological prevalence of T. gondii was evaluated using the indirect enzyme immunoadsorption assay (iELISA). The samples with a sample/positive (S/P) ratio ? 0.5 were considered positive and analyzed using the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The samples diluted at 1:64 were considered positive. The chi-square test with a level of significance of 5% and the odds ratio (OR) with a confidence interval of 95% was applied.The data were analyzed using BioEstat software version 5.0.The prevalence of T. gondii in bovines was 35.79% and 45.12% in ELISA and IFAT, respectively. The prevalence was 34.48% and 44.14% in cattle and 42.99% and 50.47% in buffaloes using ELISA and IFA, respectively. The mesoregion with the highest prevalence of infection was Marajó Island, corresponding to 42.86% (129) and 50.5% (152) in ELISA and IFA, respectively. In buffaloes, the prevalence of T. gondiiusing ELISA was higher in males (p < 0.05) in the two age groups. In contrast, the prevalence of T. gondii using IFA was higher in males in the age group 13 to 24 months (p < 0.05). The type of farm did not affect the prevalence of T. gondii in cattle (p > 0.05). However, the presence of cats strongly affected the occurrence of infection in cattle. These results demonstrate the high levels of anti-T. gondii antibodies in cattle and buffaloes in Pará and this may be a public health problem. Furthermore, the presence of cats is a risk factor for infection with T. gondii in these species in Pará.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors in domestic pigs raised from Cuba

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio César Castillo-Cuenca ◽  
Álvaro Martínez-Moreno ◽  
José Manuel Diaz-Cao ◽  
Angel Entrena-García ◽  
Jorge Fraga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

AbstractA cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors in pigs in the largest pork-producing region in Cuba. Serum samples from 420 pigs, including 210 sows and 210 post-weaning pigs, were tested for antibodies against T. gondii using a commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected in 56 animals (13.3%, 95% CI: 10.1–16.6). A generalized estimating equations model revealed that the risk factors associated with higher seropositivity in pigs were altitude (higher in farm’s location < 250 m above sea level (masl) versus ≥ 250 masl) and age (higher in sows compared to post-weaning pigs). The results indicated that this protozoan parasite is widely distributed on pig farms in the study area, which is a public health concern since the consumption of raw or undercooked pork meat products containing tissue cysts is considered one of the main routes of T. gondii transmission worldwide. Control measures should be implemented to reduce the risk of exposure to T. gondii in pigs in Cuba.

First report on the isolation and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii strains from free-range chickens in the state of Mato Grosso, Midwestern Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 101725
Author(s):  
Rute Witter ◽  
Hilda Fátima Jesus Pena ◽  
Maerle Oliveira Maia ◽  
Leodil da Costa Freitas ◽  
Sayanne Luns Hatum Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
The State ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
First Report ◽  
Free Range

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated risk factors for bovine brucellosis in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3413
Author(s):  
Erivânia Camelo de Almeida ◽  
Aderaldo Alexandrino Freitas ◽  
Késia Alcântara Queiroz Pontual ◽  
Marcília Maria Alves Souza ◽  
Marcos Amaku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
The State ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Bovine Brucellosis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Positive Animal

This study was conducted to characterize the epidemiology of bovine brucellosis in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. The state was divided into three regions, and in each region, approximately 300 properties were randomly sampled. From these selected properties, a pre-established number of animals were randomly selected and blood serum samples were obtained. A total of 3,901 animals were selected from 900 properties. For each selected property, an epidemiological questionnaire was administered to assess the type of farming, the animal husbandry practices and the sanitary practices that could be associated with the presence of brucellosis infection. The testing protocol consisted of screening the samples with a buffered acidified plate antigen test and retesting the positive samples with a complement fixation test (CF). One positive animal was enough to define an infected herd. The prevalence rates of infected herds and animals in the state were 4.5% [3.2; 6.4%] and 1.4% [0.7; 2.7%], respectively. By region, the prevalence rates of infected herds and animals, respectively, were as follows: Zona da Mata, 3.3% [1.8; 6.1%] and 1.7% [0.5; 3.0%]; Agreste, 7.4% [4.9; 10.9%] and 1.9% [0.8; 3.0%]; and Sertão, 1.3% [0.5; 3.5%] and 0.7% [0.0; 1.6%]. Flooded pastures (OR = 2.86 [1.37; 6.42]) and the presence of 13 or more females in the herd (3rd quartile) (OR = 2.65 [1.19; 5.89]) were identified as risk factors. The existence of veterinary care emerged as a protective factor against bovine brucellosis in the state of Pernambuco (OR = 0.24 [0.10; 0.58]).

scholarly journals Hepatitis C virus genotypes and associated risk factors in the state of Pará, Northern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geison Luiz Costa de Castro ◽  
Ednelza da Graça Silva Amoras ◽  
Mauro Sérgio Moura de Araújo ◽  
Simone Regina Souza da Silva Conde ◽  
Antonio Carlos R. Vallinoto
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
The State ◽  
Virus Genotypes ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes ◽  
Associated Risk Factors
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