The Effect of Previous Material Research into the Manuscript of Dvůr Králové and the Manuscript of Zelená Hora on their Current State

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Martina Ohlídalová ◽  
Karel Křenek ◽  
Jana Tvrzníková ◽  
Michal Pech ◽  
Radka Šefců
Keyword(s):  
Physical Condition ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Material Research ◽  
National Museum ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Current State ◽  
New Information ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The 19Th Century

In 2017, the National Museum commemorated the bicentenary of the discovery of the Manuscript of Dvůr Králové and the Manuscript of Zelená Hora by further material research into both works and especially by an exhibition of their originals. The main aims of this research into the manuscripts included the documentation and evaluation of their current physical condition and the mapping of the effect of the microchemical analyses performed in the context of the disputes over the authenticity of the manuscripts between the middle of the 19th century and the 1970s. For the achievement of these objectives, a detailed documentation of all the pages of the manuscripts in different types of lighting (visible direct, lateral, transmitted, ultraviolet, infrared), optical microscopy, and the identification of the degradation productions of damaged places by means of X-ray fluorescence analysis and Raman spectroscopy were used. This provided new information on the current physical condition of the manuscripts and documentation of the damage caused by historical microchemical testing. In addition, some previously unpublished historical tests were identified, thus offering a new perspective on some current damage of the two manuscripts.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Two Albanian Post-Byzantine Icons Attributed to Simoni i Ardenices

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Enrico Franceschi ◽  
Dion Nole ◽  
Stefano Vassallo
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Medieval Art ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Painting Technique ◽  
Physical Laboratory ◽  
Light Reflectance ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Byzantine Icons ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Non Destructive

Aims: The present study is part of a project concerning the characterisation of a limited number of selected Albanian Byzantine and post-Byzantine icons, through the identification of pigments, of painting technique and the state of conservation of the artworks. The Albanian iconographers produced an extraordinary amount of icons from the 14th till the 19th century, and over six thousand of them are kept in the Museum of Medieval Art of Korça (Albania). This paper refers to the results obtained in the study of two artworks, the first one by Simoni i Ardenices an important Albanian painter of XVII century, and the second one attributed to him. Study Design:  The present work is part of a more general study concerning Albanian Byzantine and post-Byzantine icons. Place and Duration of Study: Museum of Medieval Art of Korça, Albania, between June 2008 and July 2009. Methodology: The work was conducted by non-destructive methods, X-ray fluorescence, visible light reflectance spectrophotometry and UV fluorescence analysis, according to a systematic procedure developed in the same Chemical Physical Laboratory for Cultural Heritage. A number of areas, for each painting, were chosen in order to carry out the measurements. With this procedure, we could identify the inorganic pigments from their characteristic features. Moreover, the study of the chemical physical properties of paintings is of fundamental importance for any accurate restoration intervention.  Results and Conclusion: The present work, concerning the study of two icons of the second half of 17th century by Simoni i Ardenices, has allowed us to identify the painting technique and the palette used in these works of art. Moreover, the areas of the paintings in which old restorations have been made have also been identified.

Cation ordering incis-andtrans-vacant dioctahedral smectites and its implications for growth mechanisms

Clay Minerals ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Marchel ◽  
H. Stanjek
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Cation Ordering ◽  
Growth Mechanisms ◽  
Octahedral Sheet ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Types

AbstractDifferent types of dioctahedral smectites (nontronite, beidellite, montmorillonite) were investigated by X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Starting with the chemical composition of the octahedral sheet, the occupancies within the octahedral sheet were adjusted by computer simulations to fit the occupancies derived from FTIR. For bothcis-andtrans-vacant smectites the AlAl and FeFe pairs are mainly randomly distributed but seem to be aligned along OH-bonded directions. Relative to the chemical composition, AlFe pairs are enriched incis-vacant smectites and depleted in nontronites. This behaviour can be explained by the necessity to dehydrate and hydrolyse cations when they become incorporated into the structure during crystal growth. The first and second hydrolysis steps are necessary for incorporating cations intrans-vacant smectites, whereas only the first hydrolysis step is necessary forcis-vacant smectites. The corresponding difference in energy may explain why mostlycis-vacant smectites occur in low-temperature environments.

scholarly journals Formation of the Egyptian collection of the National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan: a contribution to the development of Russian Egyptology

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-229
Author(s):  
Anastasia Anatolievna Aksenova
Keyword(s):  
National Museum ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Current State ◽  
Egyptian Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Oriental Studies ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article analyzes the history of the formation of the Egyptian collection of the National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan during the 19th and 20th centuries. Based on the materials of the archives of the city of Kazan, the national museum, as well as with the involvement of other scientific publications in the context of the museology in Kazan and the development of Russian Egyptology as a science, the four main stages of the formation of the archaeological fund, as well as the current state of the collection of the ancient Egyptian heritage, are examined and analyzed. An analysis of each stage allows the reconstruction of the evolution of Egyptology as a science, and oriental studies in general, in the regions of Russia. This collection of the National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan is one of the largest domestic collections of Egyptian culture, which has not been exhibited since the beginning of the 20th century. In this context, cataloging and studying the formation of a collection is necessary for its preservation as a unique heritage. The author of the article came to the conclusion about the importance of Kazan University in the development of the archaeological foundation of the National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan, the role of the collected Egyptian materials in the development of Russian Egyptology and Oriental studies in the 19th century.

Identification of Asbestos Fibres in a Water Sample by X-Ray Microanalysis

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 274-275
Author(s):  
K. A. Brookes ◽  
D. Finbow ◽  
Madeleine Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Water Sample ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Transmission Imaging ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Normal Specimen ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen Cooling ◽  
Normal Transmission ◽  
Additional Port

Investigation of the particulate matter contained in the water sample, revealed the presence of a number of different types and certain of these were selected for analysis.An A.E.I. Corinth electron microscope was modified to accept a Kevex Si (Li) detector. To allow for existing instruments to be readily modified, this was kept to a minimum. An additional port is machined in the specimen region to accept the detector, with the liquid nitrogen cooling dewar conveniently housed in the left hand cupboard adjacent to the microscope column. Since background radiation leads to loss in the sensitivity of the instrument, great care has been taken to reduce this effect by screening and manufacturing components that are near the specimen from material of low atomic number. To change from normal transmission imaging to X-ray analysis, the special 4-position specimen rod is inserted through the normal specimen airlock.

An x-ray microprobe based upon a close-coupled focal-spot / glass capillary arrangement

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1758-1759
Author(s):  
D. A. Carpenter ◽  
M. A. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
Close Coupling ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
Beam Damage

The development of intense sources of x rays has led to renewed interest in the use of microbeams of x rays in x-ray fluorescence analysis. Sparks pointed out that the use of x rays as a probe offered the advantages of high sensitivity, low detection limits, low beam damage, and large penetration depths with minimal specimen preparation or perturbation. In addition, the option of air operation provided special advantages for examination of hydrated systems or for nondestructive microanalysis of large specimens.The disadvantages of synchrotron sources prompted the development of laboratory-based instrumentation with various schemes to maximize the beam flux while maintaining small point-to-point resolution. Nichols and Ryon developed a microprobe using a rotating anode source and a modified microdiffractometer. Cross and Wherry showed that by close-coupling the x-ray source, specimen, and detector, good intensities could be obtained for beam sizes between 30 and 100μm. More importantly, both groups combined specimen scanning with modern imaging techniques for rapid element mapping.

X-ray microprobe for materials science

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
G.E. Ice
Keyword(s):  
Crystallographic Orientation ◽  
Local Structure ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ray Optics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Novel Materials ◽  
New Information ◽  
Elemental Sensitivity

The increasing availability of synchrotron x-ray sources has stimulated the development of advanced hard x-ray (E≥5 keV) microprobes. With new x-ray optics these microprobes can achieve micron and submicron spatial resolutions. The inherent elemental and crystallographic sensitivity of an x-ray microprobe and its inherently nondestructive and penetrating nature will have important applications to materials science. For example, x-ray fluorescent microanalysis of materials can reveal elemental distributions with greater sensitivity than alternative nondestructive probes. In materials, segregation and nonuniform distributions are the rule rather than the exception. Common interfaces to whichsegregation occurs are surfaces, grain and precipitate boundaries, dislocations, and surfaces formed by defects such as vacancy and interstitial configurations. In addition to chemical information, an x-ray diffraction microprobe can reveal the local structure of a material by detecting its phase, crystallographic orientation and strain.Demonstration experiments have already exploited the penetrating nature of an x-ray microprobe and its inherent elemental sensitivity to provide new information about elemental distributions in novel materials.

XRMF applications of a monolithic, polycapillary, focusing x-ray optic

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 240-241
Author(s):  
D. A. Carpenter ◽  
Ning Gao ◽  
G. J. Havrilla
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Focal Spot ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Focal Distance ◽  
Spot Diameter ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Focal Spot Diameter

A monolithic, polycapillary, x-ray optic was adapted to a laboratory-based x-ray microprobe to evaluate the potential of the optic for x-ray micro fluorescence analysis. The polycapillary was capable of collecting x-rays over a 6 degree angle from a point source and focusing them to a spot approximately 40 µm diameter. The high intensities expected from this capillary should be useful for determining and mapping minor to trace elements in materials. Fig. 1 shows a sketch of the capillary with important dimensions.The microprobe had previously been used with straight and with tapered monocapillaries. Alignment of the monocapillaries with the focal spot was accomplished by electromagnetically scanning the focal spot over the beveled anode. With the polycapillary it was also necessary to manually adjust the distance between the focal spot and the polycapillary.The focal distance and focal spot diameter of the polycapillary were determined from a series of edge scans.

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