Copernicus Program of the European Union for Environmental Monitoring and Civil Security

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-55
Author(s):  
Vasile Loghin
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Network Measurements ◽  
Operational Program ◽  
Earth Observation Satellites

Abstract Copernicus is an operational program of the European Union for environmental monitoring and civil security. It provides services for collecting, processing and distributing data from Earth observation satellites and network measurements (records) onsite. Copernicus services covers six thematic areas: atmosphere, climate, oceans and seas, the continental emergencies and civil security. Information can be accessed free of charge on specific websites (www.copernicus.eu) by public institutions / national and international organizations, the scientific community, to be used in developing appropriate policies on the environment and civil security.

Ensuring sustainable foreign economic relations of countries at the forefront and outskirts of the European Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1980-1996
Author(s):  
T.S. Malakhova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Economic Bloc ◽  
The Eu

Subject. Foreign economic and trade ties among countries are getting tighter and less predictable in the early 21st century. This directly stems from a growing disparity of partners, especially if it goes about their future cooperation as part of integration groups or international organizations. Communities of experts suggest using various approaches to locally adjusting integration phases, especially implementing the two-speed integration in the European Union. Objectives. The study is an attempt to examine an improvement of foreign economic cooperation and suggest its implementation steps for the European Union. This all is due to considerable inner controversies and problems within the EU, which grow more serious year by year. Methods. The methodological framework comprises the historical logic, dialectical principles, scientific abstraction method. The process and system approach was especially important for justifying the implementation of the above steps. It was used to examine foreign economic relations of partners in the European Union. Results. The article sets forth the theoretical and methodological framework for the geostrategic economic bloc, including a conceptual structure model. I present steps to implement a foreign economic cooperation of partners in the EU in terms of its form. Conclusions and Relevance. Should the form of the foreign economic relations among the EU countries be implemented, counties at the periphery of the EU will be able to become active parties to the integration group.

The promotion of security sector reform strategies: Comparing the roles of the European Union and Canada

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Vandemoorteele
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Security Sector Reform ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Common Policy

This article analyzes the role of the European Union (EU) and Canada in the promotion of Security Sector Reforms (SSR) activities in two regional organizations, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The concept of SSR seeks to address the effective governance of security in post-conflict environment by transforming the security institutions within a country in order for them to have more efficient, legitimate and democratic role in implementing security. Recent debates within the EU have led to the adoption of an SSR concept from the Council and a new strategy from the European Commission on the SSR activities. Within the framework of the ESDP, the EU has positioned itself as a leading actor, in this domain, including in its crisis management operations. On the other hand, Canada, through its whole-of government and human security programs has also been an important actor in the promotion of SSR activities. Yet, even though several international organizations (including the United Nations, the OSCE and NATO) are effectively doing SSR activities on the ground, there does not exist a common framework within any of these organizations despite the role of the EU and Canada. As such, it is surprising to found no global common policy for SSR while this approach is precisely holistic in its foundations. Taking these elements into consideration, this paper analyzes two specific aspects : a) the absence of a common policy framework within international organizations and b) the major differences between the approaches of the OSCE and NATO in the domain of SSR and the implications for the EU and Canada’ roles.   Full extt available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v3i2.186

scholarly journals The new European Union space policy in order to maintain Europe’s position among space leaders

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
Piotr Kolczynski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Space Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Right

This paper analyzes the current EU space strategy and confronts it with existing global challenges in the space sector. The ultimate aim of this research is to recommend a well-adjusted space policy for the European Commission to ensure effective and sustainable exploration and use of outer space for the benefit of all EU member-states. In order to draft the most efficient space policy, the uniqueness of Europe’s space sector is studied. This paper argues that the EU space policy has to focus on guaranteeing European autonomy in access and use of outer space. The author extensively analyzes the challenges and opportunities related to dynamic development of private space sector’s activities. Emphasis is made on the significance of symbiotic cooperation between the public institutions and private companies regarding mutual benefits. The paper concludes that it is the right time for the European Union to build a bold and prospective space policy.

Part VIII International Institutional Law, Ch.45 Membership and Representation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Stephen ◽  
Trengove Stadler
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Nations ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
African Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Technical Function ◽  
The United Nations

This chapter explains the membership practices in international organizations (IOs). It focuses on criteria for membership, rights and obligations of membership, suspension, expulsion, and withdrawal. In addition to setting out the legal criteria in an international organization's constitutive treaty relating to membership, it also discusses how these criteria have been applied in practice and how decisions that are political in nature have been made within the established institutional and legal framework. The chapter focuses on three different types of IOs: the universal, represented by the United Nations (UN); the regional, such as the European Union (EU) and African Union (AU), where membership is restricted to countries from a particular geographic area; and the specialized agencies which, while fulfilling a limited and technical function, are often open to universal membership.

scholarly journals The European Union and the Law of Treaties: A Fruitful Relationship

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-751
Author(s):  
Paz Andrés Sáenz De Santa María
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Provisional Application ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Treaty Law ◽  
Treaty Interpretation

Abstract This article examines the European Union’s (EU) treaty practice from the perspective of the international law of treaties, focusing on its most significant examples. The starting point is the EU’s attitude towards the codification of treaty law involving states and international organizations. The article discusses certain terminological specificities and a few remarkable aspects, such as the frequent use of provisional application mechanisms as opposed to much less use of reservations, the contributions regarding treaty interpretation, the wide variety of clauses and the difficulties in determining the legal nature of certain texts. The study underlines that treaty law is a useful instrument for the Union and is further enriched with creative contributions; the outcome is a fruitful relationship.

Language and identity in Switzerland

English Today ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Davidson
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Language And Identity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Open Borders ◽  
Formal Recognition

A proposal for Federal status for English as a Swiss language. I have written previously on the role of English as a vehicular language in plurilingual Switzerland (ET42, April 1995) and more recently on the cachet of English in the Swiss media (ET95, September 2008). Switzerland sits at the heart of Europe, not as a member of the European Union but with continually negotiated bi-lateral arrangements and now relatively open borders. As elsewhere in Europe English is widely used in academia, administration and the big corporations, but there is a surprising suggestion from the Swiss scientific community that English should now be given formal recognition as a Swiss language.

The Oxford Guide to Treaties

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
International Agreement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Nation States

From trade relations to greenhouse gases, from shipwrecks to cybercrime, treaties structure the rights and obligations of states, international organizations, and individuals. For centuries, treaties have regulated relations among nation states. Today, they are the dominant source of international law. Thus, being adept with treaties and international agreements is an indispensable skill for anyone engaged in international relations. This revised and updated edition provides a comprehensive guide to treaties, shedding light on the rules and practices surrounding the making, interpretation, and operation of these instruments. The chapters are designed to introduce the law of treaties and offer practical insights into how treaties actually work. Foundational issues are covered, including what treaties are and when they should be used, alongside detailed analyses of treaty formation, application, interpretation, and exit. Special issues associated with treaties involving the European Union and other international organizations are also addressed. These are complimented by a set of model treaty clauses. Real examples illustrate the approaches that treaty-makers can take on topics such as entry into force, languages, reservations, and amendments. The book thus provides an authoritative reference point for anyone studying or involved in the creation or interpretation of treaties or other forms of international agreement.

SYSTEM OF SUPPORTING INNOVATIVES OF AGRICULTURAL AND AGRICULTURAL SECTORS UNDER THE EXPERIENCE OF MAŁOPOLSKA ENTERPRISES

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (4) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Szeląg-Sikora ◽  
Zofia Gródek-Szostak ◽  
Jakub Sikora ◽  
Marcin Niemiec
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Business Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
European Social Fund ◽  
Social Fund ◽  
Funded Project ◽  
Operational Program ◽  
System Project

The aim of the study was to analyze the scale and scope of interest of the research group of advisory services offered within the selected system project. The detailed purpose of the work was to determine the level of usefulness of the analyzed activities by the beneficiaries to which they were directed. Source of empirical data in the area of enterprise support systems was the system project „Providing business development services for entrepreneurs and those intending to start a one-stopshop business” under sub-measure 2.2.1. Operational Program „Human Capital”, co-financed by the European Union under the European Social Fund. Own research covered 70 agri-food companies benefiting from a publicly funded project.

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