scholarly journals The influence of impurities on the operation of selected fuel ignition systems in combustion engines

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Różowicz ◽  
Szymon Tofil
Keyword(s):  
Spark Discharge ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Discharge Energy ◽  
Ignition System ◽  
System A ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Influence Of Impurities

Abstract The paper attempts to determine the impact of fuel impurities on the spark discharge energy and the wear of the spark plug electrode. Spark plugs were analyzed in two typical configurations of the ignition system. A number of tests were conducted to determine the wear of the spark plug electrode exposed to different types of impurities. The spark discharge energy for new and worn spark plugs was determined through calculation.

scholarly journals Impact of Blow-By Gas and Endgap Ring Position on the Variations of Particle Emissions in Gasoline Engines

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7492
Author(s):  
Vincent Berthome ◽  
David Chalet ◽  
Jean-François Hetet
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Particulate Emission ◽  
Particle Emissions ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
System A ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ring Position

Particulate emission from internal combustion engines is a complex phenomenon that needs to be understood in order to identify its main factors. To this end, it appears necessary to study the impact of unburned gases, called blow-by gases, which are reinjected into the engine intake system. A series of transient tests demonstrate their significant contribution since the particle emissions of spark-ignition engines are 1.5 times higher than those of an engine without blow-by with a standard deviation 1.5 times greater. After analysis, it is found that the decanter is not effective enough to remove completely the oil from the gases. Tests without blow-by gases also have the advantage of having a lower disparity, and therefore of being more repeatable. It appears that the position of the “endgap” formed by the first two rings has a significant impact on the amount of oil transported towards the combustion chamber by the backflow, and consequently on the variation of particle emissions. For this engine and for this transient, 57% of the particulate emissions are related to the equivalence ratio, while 31% are directly related to the ability of the decanter to remove the oil of the blowby gases and 12% of the emissions come from the backflow. The novelty of this work is to relate the particles fluctuation to the position of the endgap ring.

scholarly journals Use of the mathematical model of the ignition system to analyze the spark discharge, including the destruction of spark plug electrodes

Open Physics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Różowicz
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Spark Discharge ◽  
Fuel Additives ◽  
Ignition System ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Abstract The paper presents the results of analytical and experimental studies concerning the influence of different kinds of fuel additives on the quality of the spark discharge for different configurations of the ignition system. The wear of the spark plug electrode and the value of spark discharge were determined for various impurities and configurations of the air-fuel mixture.

Effect of spark discharge energy scheduling on ignition under quiescent and flow conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (12) ◽  
pp. 2878-2891
Author(s):  
Zhenyi Yang ◽  
Xiao Yu ◽  
Hua Zhu ◽  
David S-K Ting ◽  
Ming Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
High Power ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Spark Discharge ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Discharge Energy ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Flame Kernel ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Spark Energy

The enhancement of the breakdown power during the spark discharge process has been proved to be beneficial for the flame kernel formation process under lean/diluted conditions. Such a strategy is realized by using a conventional transistor coil ignition system with an add-on capacitance in parallel to the spark plug gap in this paper. In practical application, the use of different ceramic material other than aluminum oxide can change the parasitic capacitance of the spark plug, achieving similar effect in terms of rescheduling the discharge energy released during the breakdown phase. Detailed research has been carried out to investigate the effect of the parallel capacitance and the cross flow velocity on the flame kernel formation and propagation process. With the increase in parallel capacitance, more spark energy is delivered during the breakdown phase, while less energy is released during the arc/glow phase. Shadowgraph images of the spark plasma reveal that the high-power spark discharge can generate a larger high-temperature area with enhanced electrically prompted turbulence under quiescent conditions, as compared with that using the conventional transistor coil ignition discharge strategy under the same condition. The breakdown enhanced turbulence of the high-power spark is proved to be beneficial for the flame kernel development, especially with the lean or exhaust gas recirculation diluted combustible mixtures, given that sufficient spark energy is available for the high-power spark strategy to successfully generate the breakdown event. The results of combustion tests under flow conditions reveal that the breakdown enhanced turbulence of the high-power spark tends to be overshadowed by the turbulence generated from the flow field, and both the increase in flow velocity and parallel capacitance contribute to the reduction in discharge duration of the arc/glow phase. Therefore, the benefits brought about by the high-power spark discharge tend to diminish with the intensification of flow velocity.

scholarly journals Multivaluedness in Networks: Exemplars

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton van Wyk ◽  
Guanrong Chen ◽  
Eric W. M. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical System ◽  
Random Process ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamical System ◽  
Linear Estimator ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamical ◽  
System A ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

This brief presents the first observations of multivaluedness in four systems: a random process, a nonlinear nondynamical system, a nonlinear dynamical system with nonlinearly sensed input and output and an adaptive linear estimator. The preliminary findings reported here, suggest the impact of multivaluedness in different types of networks to range from adverse to benign or even essential.

Characteristics of New Ignition Systems to Improve Engine Performance

1967 ◽  
Vol 182 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
By R. C. Teasel ◽  
R. D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Discharge ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Discharge Characteristics ◽  
Ignition System ◽  
Spark Plug

The increasing use of spark ignition engines throughout the world has confronted the engine designer with new problems such as air pollution, world-wide temperature extremes, as well as legislative, economic, and human considerations. To meet these situations and improve the competitive position of the spark ignition engine requires considerable research and development effort. This paper reports on work conducted by Champion Spark Plug Company in attempting to evaluate the potential contribution that ignition system and spark plug designs can make towards improving spark ignition engine operation. Almost all the work reported here covers investigations in current large displacement United States passenger car engines. The three main characteristics of the overall ignition systems that are investigated are (1) the available output voltage characteristics of the ignition systems; (2) the effect of the ignition system spark discharge characteristics on engine performance; and (3) the effect of several spark plug design features on engine performance. This investigation shows that the inter-relationship of the ignition system spark discharge characteristics and the spark plug design requires that the overall evaluation must consider the dependence of both items. It also suggests that significant improvements can result in other United States and European engines, through the careful evaluation of ignition system and spark plug designs. The results of this work indicate that a fast rise time, short arc duration system results in reduced spark plug gap growth and better resistance to spark plug fouling. However, the arc duration must not be shorter than a minimum value, or a loss in engine performance may result. High output systems are desirable as they provide a higher voltage reserve to provide longer spark plug life, but the higher voltages that occur with the larger spark plug gaps can stress other ignition system components. The spark plug designs which incorporate a projection of the spark plug gap result in better performance in the engines tested, and possibly even reduce exhaust emissions. Certainly other features which engine manufacturers must consider, which are not discussed in detail here, are costs, durability, and maintenance of the new systems. At least one other important related problem is that of interference.

Multivaluedness in Networks: Exemplars

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton van Wyk ◽  
Guanrong Chen ◽  
Eric W. M. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical System ◽  
Random Process ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamical System ◽  
Linear Estimator ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamical ◽  
System A ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

This brief presents the first observations of multivaluedness in four systems: a random process, a nonlinear nondynamical system, a nonlinear dynamical system with nonlinearly sensed input and output and an adaptive linear estimator. The preliminary findings reported here suggest the impact of multivaluedness in different types of networks to range from adverse to benign or even essential.

scholarly journals Protection Systems for DC Shipboard Microgrids

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5319
Author(s):  
Navid Bayati ◽  
Mehdi Savaghebi
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
System A ◽  
Fault Behavior ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, shipboard microgrids (MGs) have become more flexible, efficient, and reliable. The next generations of future shipboards are required to be equipped with more focuses on energy storage systems to provide all-electric shipboards. Therefore, the shipboards must be very reliable to ensure the operation of all parts of the system. A reliable shipboard MG should be protected from system faults through protection selectivity to minimize the impact of faults and facilitate detection and location of faulty zones with the highest accuracy and speed. It is necessary to have an across-the-board overview of the protection systems in DC shipboards. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the issues and challenges faced in the protection of shipboard MGs. Furthermore, given the different types of components utilized in shipboard MGs, the fault behavior analysis of these components is provided to highlight the requirements for their protection. The protection system of DC shipboards is divided into three sub-systems, namely, fault detection, location, and isolation. Therefore, a comprehensive comparison of different existing fault detection, location, and isolation schemes, from traditional to modern techniques, on shipboard MGs is presented to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each scheme.

scholarly journals Multivaluedness in Networks: Exemplars

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton van Wyk ◽  
Guanrong Chen ◽  
Eric W. M. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical System ◽  
Random Process ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamical System ◽  
Linear Estimator ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamical ◽  
System A ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

This brief presents the first observations of multivaluedness in four systems: a random process, a nonlinear nondynamical system, a nonlinear dynamical system with nonlinearly sensed input and output and an adaptive linear estimator. The preliminary findings reported here suggest the impact of multivaluedness in different types of networks to range from adverse to benign or even essential.

Review of Laser Ignition for Methane-Air Mixtures

2015 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 592-596
Author(s):  
Hong Tao Wang ◽  
Cang Su Xu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Laser Ignition ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Ignition System ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Induced Ignition ◽  
Ignition And Combustion ◽  
Promising Development

Reducing vehicle pollutant emissions and fuel consumption is becoming more and more important challenges, while lean-burning are a promising development. However, lean-burning may leads to other problems including combustion instability and incomplete combustion. Recently, laser ignition system has become an attractive field of research in order to replace the conventional spark plug ignition systems in the internal combustion engines to solve problem above. Moreover, methane was regarded as very promising fuel. Therefore, the objective of this article is to review the ignition and combustion characteristics of methane-air mixtures by laser-induced ignition.

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