THE ROLE OF MULTIPLE FORMS OF ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE IN CANCER DETECTION AND MONITORING

1987 ◽  
pp. 829-844
Author(s):  
Donald W. Moss
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Multiple Forms

scholarly journals Alkaline phosphatase from pig kidney. Microheterogeneity and the role of neuraminic acid

1974 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunio Hiwada ◽  
Ernst D. Wachsmuth
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatases ◽  
Acetylneuraminic Acid ◽  
Pig Kidney ◽  
Ph Dependency ◽  
Polypeptide Chains

Several alkaline phosphatases (EC 3.1.3.1) could be obtained from pig kidney brush-border membrane on extraction with butan-1-ol. Three of the multiple forms were separated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography and further purified. They form a regular series with different degrees of glycosylation (mainly owing to N-acetylneuraminic acid), of charge, of molecular weight, of stability to temperature, to pH and to urea, of minimal requirement for Mg2+ and of extractability by butan-1-ol. In contrast, the detectable antigenic sites, the inhibition by amino acids and the pH-dependency of Km and Vmax. were identical for these multiple forms. On treatment with neuraminidase, the multiple forms became identical in all their properties. It was therefore concluded that the microheterogeneity of alkaline phosphatase is due to different degrees of glycosylation at polypeptide chains which appear to be otherwise identical.

scholarly journals The Struggle Against Torture: Challenges, Assumptions and New Directions

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-333
Author(s):  
Tobias Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Current State ◽  
New Directions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Emerging Themes ◽  
Short Essay ◽  
Forms Of Violence

Abstract This short essay offers a broad and necessarily incomplete review of the current state of the human rights struggle against torture and ill-treatment. It sketches four widespread assumptions in that struggle: 1) that torture is an issue of detention and interrogation; 2) that political or security detainees are archetypal victims of torture; 3) that legal reform is one of the best ways to fight torture; and 4) that human rights monitoring helps to stamp out violence. These four assumptions have all played an important role in the history of the human rights fight against torture, but also resulted in limitations in terms of the interventions that are used, the forms of violence that human rights practitioners respond to, and the types of survivors they seek to protect. Taken together, these four assumptions have created challenges for the human rights community in confronting the multiple forms of torture rooted in the deep and widespread inequality experienced by many poor and marginalized groups. The essay ends by pointing to some emerging themes in the fight against torture, such as a focus on inequality, extra-custodial violence, and the role of corruption.

scholarly journals Prostate cancer detection with magnetic resonance-ultrasound fusion biopsy: The role of systematic and targeted biopsies

Cancer ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 884-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Filson ◽  
Shyam Natarajan ◽  
Daniel J.A. Margolis ◽  
Jiaoti Huang ◽  
Patricia Lieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Fusion Biopsy ◽  
Prostate Cancer Detection ◽  
Targeted Biopsies

First repeated bone scan in the observation of patients with operable breast cancer.

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Pedrazzini ◽  
R Gelber ◽  
M Isley ◽  
M Castiglione ◽  
A Goldhirsch
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bone Scan ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Operable Breast Cancer ◽  
First Relapse ◽  
Bone Scans ◽  
First Recurrence

Data on 1,601 patients with node-positive operable breast cancer who were randomized in four different prospective adjuvant therapy trials were analyzed to evaluate the role of routine bone scans and the alkaline phosphatase value at regular intervals in screening for bone involvement. Bone scan was a prerequisite for randomization and was repeated within the first 12 months in 90% (1,441) of the patients. Abnormal or doubtful scan findings had to be verified by x-ray examination. The repeated scan results were normal in 1,263 (87.8%) patients, doubtful but with no radiologic evidence of bone metastasis in 161 (11%), and abnormal (radiologically confirmed) in 17 (1.2%). After a median observation of 4 years bone metastases as the first relapse developed in 136 (8.5%) patients. This occurred in 87 of 1,263 (6.9%) of the patients with normal repeated scan results and in 18 of 161 (11.2%) of those with doubtful repeated scan findings. Based on the results of the first repeated scan, early detection of a first recurrence in bone might have been possible for 2.4% of the population. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels were also without clinical use. Bone scan in the observation of patients with operable breast cancer should be performed only as dictated by the clinical situation.

scholarly journals Exploring the role of a glycine cluster in cold adaptation of an alkaline phosphatase

2002 ◽  
Vol 269 (9) ◽  
pp. 2330-2335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Mavromatis ◽  
Iason Tsigos ◽  
Maria Tzanodaskalaki ◽  
Michael Kokkinidis ◽  
Vassilis Bouriotis
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Cold Adaptation

scholarly journals Pathophysiological Role of Vascular Smooth Muscle Alkaline Phosphatase in Medial Artery Calcification

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 824-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Campbell R Sheen ◽  
Pia Kuss ◽  
Sonoko Narisawa ◽  
Manisha C Yadav ◽  
Jessica Nigro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Pathophysiological Role ◽  
Medial Artery Calcification ◽  
Medial Artery
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