Entrepreneurial Strategic Posture and Performance in Foreign Markets: The Critical Role of International Learning Effort

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk De Clercq ◽  
Lianxi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Strategic Posture ◽  
International Learning ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Innovative CRM and Performance of SMEs: The Moderating Role of Relational Capital

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Nagwan AlQershi ◽  
Sany Sanuri Mohd Mokhtar ◽  
Zakaria Bin Abas
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Relational Capital ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Key Customer

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is more than an information tool and plays a critical role in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The present study explored the moderating effect of relational capital (RC) on the relationship between CRM dimensions and the performance of 284 Yemeni manufacturing SMEs. Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the study’s hypotheses. Results indicate that only three of the CRM dimensions have a significant effect on performance. The moderating effects of relational capital on this relationship were also examined and were found to be significant for only two CRM dimensions: technology-based CRM and CRM organization. Key customer focus and CRM knowledge management had no effect. The findings of this study offer important insights for owners and managers of SMEs, researchers, and policymakers to further understand the effects of relational capital and CRM on SMEs’ performance. SMEs should be encouraged to develop their CRM and relational capital to improve their performance.

scholarly journals Curating complexity: the role of sentience in parametric design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Design ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Qualitative Reasoning ◽  
Architectural Theory ◽  
Architectural Discourse ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Current Paradigm

In De Architectura, Vitruvius makes note of three criteria that define architecture; firmitas (durability), utilitas (function) and venustas (delight). These ideals form the philosophical foundations of virtually all modern architectural theory. With the advent of computational tools, many advocates, commonly armed with staggering statistics, frame these methods as a means of increasing efficiency in collaboration, construction and performance - muting the critical role of a sentient designer in architectural discourse of the digital age. The role of the parti has eroded in favour of computational strategies that constrain utilitas to a measure of quantifiable “fitness”. The research herein unveils and reflects upon the mutating role of the architect in computational design, advocating for the importance of qualitative reasoning in a parametric process. Where the current paradigm is negligent, the project aims to illuminate and reinforce the role of today’s sentient designer nested in a cultural milieu of computation.

scholarly journals Curating complexity: the role of sentience in parametric design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Design ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Qualitative Reasoning ◽  
Architectural Theory ◽  
Architectural Discourse ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Current Paradigm

In De Architectura, Vitruvius makes note of three criteria that define architecture; firmitas (durability), utilitas (function) and venustas (delight). These ideals form the philosophical foundations of virtually all modern architectural theory. With the advent of computational tools, many advocates, commonly armed with staggering statistics, frame these methods as a means of increasing efficiency in collaboration, construction and performance - muting the critical role of a sentient designer in architectural discourse of the digital age. The role of the parti has eroded in favour of computational strategies that constrain utilitas to a measure of quantifiable “fitness”. The research herein unveils and reflects upon the mutating role of the architect in computational design, advocating for the importance of qualitative reasoning in a parametric process. Where the current paradigm is negligent, the project aims to illuminate and reinforce the role of today’s sentient designer nested in a cultural milieu of computation.

scholarly journals Does Environmental Uncertainty Affect Entrepreneurs’ Orientation and Performance? Empirical Evidence from Indonesian SMEs

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rina Herani ◽  
Otto Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Environmental Uncertainty ◽  
Uncertain Environments ◽  
Uncertain Environment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have a critical role in economic growth in Indonesia and become the backbone for job creation, poverty alleviation, and safeguard during the crisis. However, they are highly exposed to uncertain environments. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of SMEs’ entrepreneurial orientation on business performance when uncertain environments exist. A total of 152 Indonesian SMEs were studied in order to assess this relationship. Moderated regression analysis is performed as the main statistical procedures to analyse the moderating role of environmental uncertainty on the influence of entrepreneurial orientation on business performance. Surprisingly, the result of the present study did not confirm the previous predominant studies which found that entrepreneurialorientation dimensions are positively associated with business performance in growing in an uncertain environment. Indonesian entrepreneurs were reluctant to innovate, be proactive, and take risks when an uncertain environment exists. The present study was an endeavour to provide better insight in explaining the inconsistent and ambiguous findings from existing literature.

scholarly journals Carbohydrate Considerations for Athletes with a Spinal Cord Injury

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2177
Author(s):  
Belinda Ruettimann ◽  
Claudio Perret ◽  
Jill A. Parnell ◽  
Joelle Leonie Flueck
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Nutritional Recommendations ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Physiological Adaptations ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
And Performance

The Paralympic movement is growing in popularity, resulting in increased numbers of athletes with a spinal cord injury (SCI) competing in various sport disciplines. Athletes with an SCI require specialized recommendations to promote health and to maximize performance, as evidenced by their metabolic and physiological adaptations. Nutrition is a key factor for optimal performance; however, scientifically supported nutritional recommendations are limited. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the importance of carbohydrates (CHO) for health and performance in athletes with an SCI. Factors possibly affecting CHO needs, such as muscle atrophy, reduced energy expenditure, and secondary complications are analyzed comprehensively. Furthermore, a model calculation for CHO requirements during an endurance event is provided. Along with assessing the effectiveness of CHO supplementation in the athletic population with SCI, the evaluation of their CHO intake from the available research supplies background to current practices. Finally, future directions are identified. In conclusion, the direct transfer of CHO guidelines from able-bodied (AB) athletes to athletes with an SCI does not seem to be reasonable. Based on the critical role of CHOs in exercise performance, establishing recommendations for athletes with an SCI should be the overall objective for prospective research.

scholarly journals Foreign Market Adaptation and Performance: The Role of Institutional Distance and Organizational Capabilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariola Ciszewska-Mlinarič ◽  
Piotr Trąpczyński
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Institutional Distance ◽  
Organizational Capabilities ◽  
Technological Capabilities ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The role and significance of adaptation versus standardization for performance in foreign markets has stirred some important debates among the academic community. In this paper, we aim to contribute to the ongoing debate by applying the logic of institutional theory and organizational capabilities to reconsider the relationship between adaptation and foreign market performance. In particular, we argue based on extant theory and our own mixed-method study that while more accentuated differences in the institutional environment reinforce the role of adaptation in achieving legitimacy, the possession of relational and technological capabilities can reduce the relevance of adaptation. The empirical study is based on a sample of 284 firms in the quantitative study and eight firms in the qualitative study. Our findings reveal that adaptation is positively associated with performance in foreign markets. This relationship is also positively moderated by institutional distance, and negatively moderated by relational and technological capabilities.

scholarly journals Bilateral Ablation of Auditory Cortex in Mongolian Gerbil Affects Discrimination of Frequency Modulated Tones but not of Pure Tones

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank W. Ohl ◽  
Wolfram Wetzel ◽  
Thomas Wagner ◽  
Alexander Rech ◽  
Henning Scheich
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Mongolian Gerbil ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Differential Involvement ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Tone Discrimination

This study examines the role of auditory cortex in the Mongolian gerbil in differential conditioning to pure tones and to linearly frequency-modulated (FM) tones by analyzing the effects of bilateral auditory cortex ablation. Learning behavior and performance were studied in a GO/NO-GO task aiming at avoidance of a mild foot shock by crossing a hurdle in a two-way shuttle box. Hurdle crossing as the conditioned response to the reinforced stimulus (CR+), as false alarm in response to the unreinforced stimulus (CR−), intertrial activity, and reaction times were monitored. The analysis revealed no effects of lesion on pure tone discrimination but impairment of FM tone discrimination. In the latter case lesion effects were dependent on timing of lesion relative to FM tone discrimination training. Lesions before training in naive animals led to a reduced CR+ rate and had no effect on CR− rate. Lesions in pretrained animals led to an increased CR− rate without effects on the CR+ rate. The results suggest that auditory cortex plays a more critical role in discrimination of FM tones than in discrimination of pure tones. The different lesion effects on FM tone discrimination before and after training are compatible with both the hypothesis of a purely sensory deficit in FM tone processing and the hypothesis of a differential involvement of auditory cortex in acquisition and retention, respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of non-solvents and electrolytes on the formation and properties of cellulose I filaments

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Wang ◽  
Meri J. Lundahl ◽  
Luiz G. Greca ◽  
Anastassios C. Papageorgiou ◽  
Maryam Borghei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Moisture Sorption ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Wet Spinning ◽  
Dynamic Vapor Sorption ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Coagulation is a critical process in the assembly of cellulose nanofibrils into filaments by wet spinning; however, so far, the role of the coagulation solvent has not been systematically elucidated in this context. This work considers organic non-solvents (ethanol, acetone) and aqueous electrolyte solutions (NaCl(aq), HCl(aq), CaCl2(aq)) for the coagulation of negatively charged cellulose nanofibrils via wet spinning. The associated mechanisms of coagulation with such non-solvents resulted in different spinnability, coagulation and drying time. The properties of the achieved filaments varied depending strongly on the coagulant used: filaments obtained from electrolytes (using Ca2+ and H+ as counterions) demonstrated better water/moisture stability and thermomechanical properties. In contrast, the filaments formed from organic non-solvents (with Na+ as counterions) showed high moisture sorption and low hornification when subjected to cycles of high and low humidity (dynamic vapor sorption experiments) and swelled extensively upon immersion in water. Our observations highlight the critical role of counter-ions and non-solvents in filament formation and performance. Some of the fundamental aspects are further revealed by using quartz crystal microgravimetry with model films of nanocelluloses subjected to the respective solvent exchange.

scholarly journals The critical role of leadership in the New Zealand state sector

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry McDonald
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Remedial Action ◽  
State Sector ◽  
Central Government Agencies ◽  
And Performance

If New Zealand is to be able to arrest its steadily deteriorating economic performance and position compared with many other countries, particularly Australia, one thing it must do urgently is to radically improve the quality of leadership and performance within its central government agencies. Substantial economic and social benefits will flow from such remedial action, but high costs will be paid if it is not taken.

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