scholarly journals Measuring thyroglobulin autoantibodies by sensitive assay is important for assessing the presence of thyroid autoimmunity in areas with high iodine intake

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 645-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noboru Hamada ◽  
Jaeduk Yoshimura Noh ◽  
Yasuyuki Okamoto ◽  
Miki Ueda ◽  
Toshiaki Konishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Sensitive Assay ◽  
High Iodine ◽  
Thyroglobulin Autoantibodies

scholarly journals Low urinary iodine is a protective factor of central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyang Zeng ◽  
Kang Li ◽  
Xianze Wang ◽  
Siwen Ouyang ◽  
Zimu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Clinicopathological Features ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Central Lymph Node ◽  
High Iodine ◽  
Central Lymph

Abstract Background An abrupt increase of thyroid cancer has been witnessed paralleling the supplemented iodine intake in formerly iodine-deficient countries. And increased iodine intake has been linked to the rising incidence rate of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). However, the correlation between iodine and clinicopathological features of PTC has not been well-characterized. This study aimed to investigate the associations between iodine intake and the clinicopathological features of PTC patients. Methods Three hundred and fifty-nine PTC patients who received surgical treatment in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from May 2015 to November 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The associations between urinary iodine (UI), urinary iodine/creatinine ratio (UI/U-Cr), and the clinicopathological features of PTC were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to investigate the relationship between UI level and central lymph node metastasis (CLNM). Results There were no significant differences in UI in different groups according to the variables studied, except that patients with CLNM had higher UI level than CLNM(−) patients. No associations were found between UI/U-Cr and clinicopathological features except variant subtypes (classic/follicular). After dividing patients into high-iodine group and low-iodine group, more patients were found to have CLNM in the high-iodine group (p = 0.02). In addition, younger age, larger tumor size, and classic variant were positively correlated with CLNM (p < 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that insufficient iodine intake (≤ 99 μg/L) was associated with decreased CLNM risk in PTC. And after defining insufficient iodine intake as ≤ 109 μg/L and above requirements as ≥ 190 μg/L, multivariate analysis showed that lower iodine was associated with CLNM in total population of PTC (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.31–0.91) and in PTC < 1 cm (papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, PTMC) (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.21–0.87). Conclusions Low iodine was a protective factor for CLNM in papillary thyroid cancer, particularly in those < 1 cm. These results indicated that iodine may not only be an initiator of tumorigenesis, but also a promoter of the development of PTC.

Effects of iodine excess on serum thyrotropin-releasing hormone levels and type 2 deiodinase in the hypothalamus of Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Ying Sun ◽  
Xin Du ◽  
Zhongyan Shan ◽  
Weiping Teng ◽  
Yaqiu Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
High Iodine ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Iodine Excess ◽  
Excessive Iodine ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Biosynthesis

Abstract Iodine is an important element in thyroid hormone biosynthesis. Thyroid function is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPT). Excessive iodine leads to elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, but the mechanism is not yet clear. Type 2 deiodinase (Dio2) is a selenium-containing protease that plays a vital role in thyroid function. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of hypothalamus Dio2 in regulating TSH increase caused by excessive iodine and to determine the effects of iodine excess on thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) levels. Male Wistar rats were randomized into five groups and administered different iodine dosages (folds of physiological dose): normal iodine (NI), 3-fold iodine (3HI), 6-fold iodine (6HI), 10-fold iodine (10HI), and 50-fold iodine (50HI). Rats were euthanized at 4, 8, 12, or 24 weeks after iodine administration. Serum TRH, TSH, total thyroxine (TT4), and total triiodothyronine (TT3) were determined. Hypothalamus tissues were frozen and sectioned to evaluate expression of Dio2, Dio2 activity, and monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8). Prolonged high iodine intake significantly increased TSH expression (p < 0.05), but did not affect TT3 and TT4 levels. Prolonged high iodine intake decreased serum TRH levels in the hypothalamus (p < 0.05). Dio2 expression and activity in the hypothalamus exhibited an increasing trend compared at each time point with increasing iodine intake (p < 0.05). Hypothalamic MCT8 expression was increased in rats with prolonged high iodine intake(p < 0.05). These results indicate that iodine excess affects the levels of Dio2, TRH, and MCT8 in the hypothalamus.

scholarly journals The effect of iodine and strumigens long-term foodborne intake on histometrical parameters of thyroid gland in gimmers

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1365-1369
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Peksa ◽  
Jan Trávníček ◽  
Roman Konečný ◽  
František Jelínek ◽  
Hana Dušová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Iodine ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Experimental Group

In 2010 and 2011 two experiments on gimmers of Šumava mountain sheep were performed. The first experiment was carried out on 12 animals (experimental period was 11 months); control group was fed with 3 mg I*kg−1 in dry matter per day and experimental group was fed with 5 mg I*kg−1 in dry matter per day. The second experiment lasted 10 months and it was carried out on 12 animals. Feed ration for control group contained 10 mg I*kg DM−1. Feed ration for experimental group contained 10 mg I*kg DM−1 too; moreover it included rapeseed meal and 1 g of sodium nitrate. The aim of the first experiment was focused on impact of high iodine intake on structure of thyroid gland. The aim of the second experiment was to discover effect of strumigens during high iodine intake on structure of thyroid gland. The animals were slaughtered after the experiment and there was executed the dissection of thyroid gland. The samples of thyroid gland were processed during classic paraffin method and dyed with haematoxylin and eosin. For finding of histometrical parameters was used program Leica IM 500 Version 4.0. The length, the width and the area of follicles were measured. The follicles were divided into three groups after this procedure (by the length); in each group were measured 20 thyreocytes. In group with intake 5 mg I*kg DM−1 (experiment from year 2010): higher weight of thyroid (p < 0.01), significant higher (p < 0.05) proportional representation of large and medium follicles, significantly (p < 0.05) higher average size of follicles, demonstrably lower (p < 0.05) height of epithelium were found. There were not found any differences in monitored parameters between the groups from experiment which was carried out during the year 2011. After comparing results from the both experiments significantly higher percentage representation of large follicles a significantly lower representation of small follicles, distinctly higher average size and higher height of epithelium in all size categories, in groups with iodine intake 10 mg I*kg DM−1was found (from second experiment – year 2011).

Iodine and Goiter in Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
Frederick L. Trowbridge ◽  
Josip Matovinovic ◽  
Gordon D. McLaren ◽  
Milton Z. Nichaman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
The United States ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
High Iodine ◽  
Goiter Prevalence ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
American Children

Goiter examination was performed on 7,785 children aged 9 to 16 years in four areas of the United States—Michigan, Kentucky, Texas, and Georgia. Urinary iodine and creatinine, thyroxine, protein-bound iodine, and plasma inorganic iodide determinations were made on 377 matched pairs of goitrous and nongoitrous control children. The overall prevalence of goiter was 6.8%. Most children with goiter had palpably but not visibly enlarged thyroids and showed no evidence of clinical or biochemical thyroid abnormality. Mean urinary iodine excretion was 452µg/gm of creatinine, many times the 50µg/gm of creatinine level used to define deficiency. Children with goiter and areas with high goiter prevalence tended to have higher rather than lower iodine excretion. These findings are consistent with other data indicating high iodine intakes in the United States and suggest that goiter in American children cannot be assumed to be related to iodine deficiency. The possible role of high iodine intake in the causation of goiter is discussed.

scholarly journals More than adequate iodine intake may increase subclinical hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroiditis: a cross-sectional study based on two Chinese communities with different iodine intake levels

2011 ◽  
Vol 164 (6) ◽  
pp. 943-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochun Teng ◽  
Zhongyan Shan ◽  
Yanyan Chen ◽  
Yaxin Lai ◽  
Jiashu Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chinese Populations

ObjectiveWith the introduction of iodized salt worldwide, more and more people are exposed to more than adequate iodine intake levels with median urinary iodine excretion (MUI 200–300 μg/l) or excessive iodine intake levels (MUI >300 μg/l). The objective of this study was to explore the associations between more than adequate iodine intake levels and the development of thyroid diseases (e.g. thyroid dysfunction, thyroid autoimmunity, and thyroid structure) in two Chinese populations.DesignA population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in two areas in which people are exposed to different levels of iodine intake (Rongxing, MUI 261 μg/l; Chengshan, MUI 145 μg/l). A total of 3813 individuals were recruited by random sampling. Thyroid hormones, thyroid autoantibodies in serum, and iodine levels in urine were measured. B-mode ultrasonography of the thyroid was also performed for each participant.ResultsThe prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was significantly higher for subjects who live in Rongxing than those who live in Chengshan (5.03 vs 1.99%, P<0.001). The prevalence of positive anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and positive anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) was significantly higher for subjects in Rongxing than those in Chengshan (TPOAb: 10.64 vs 8.4%, P=0.02; TgAb: 10.27 vs 7.93%, P=0.01). The increase in thyroid antibodies was most pronounced in the high concentrations of TPOAb (TPOAb: ≥500 IU/ml) and low concentrations of TgAb (TgAb: 40–99 IU/ml) in Rongxing.ConclusionsMore than adequate iodine intake could be a public health concern in terms of thyroid function and thyroid autoimmunity in the Chinese populations.

Studies of Hypothyroidism in Patients with High Iodine Intake

1986 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUNICHI TAJIRI ◽  
KIICHIRO HIGASHI ◽  
MITSUO MORITA ◽  
TERUHISA UMEDA ◽  
TATSUO SATO
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Intake ◽  
High Iodine

scholarly journals Thyroglobulin Autoantibodies: Is There Any Added Value in the Detection of Thyroid Autoimmunity in Women Consulting for Fertility Treatment?

Thyroid ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1022-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Unuane ◽  
Brigitte Velkeniers ◽  
Ellen Anckaert ◽  
Johan Schiettecatte ◽  
Herman Tournaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Thyroglobulin Autoantibodies

scholarly journals Increased frequency of positive antithyroid antibody in nodular goiter

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Md. Shah Emran ◽  
M.A. Hasanat ◽  
Md. Qamrul Hassan ◽  
Ahmed Abu Saleh ◽  
Murshed Ahamed Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Thyroid Tumor ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Thyroid Antibodies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Selection Of

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Nodular goiter is mostly a benign thyroid tumor. A change of frequency of nodular goiter in areas with sufficient iodine intake has been documented in several reports. However, contrary to common belief it may also be associated with autoimmunity is being observed recently by many investigators.</p><p><strong>Objectives:</strong> To observe association between thyroid autoimmunity and nodular goiter.</p><p><strong> Methods:</strong> This cross sectional study included two hundred cases and one hundred controls. Clinically suspected nodular thyroid patients were confirmed by USG. Selection of healthy control was done after exclusion of nodule clinically and by USG. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Frequency of positive anti-thyroid antibodies was significantly higher in nodular goiter cases, when anti-TPO and anti-TG considered together (42.5% vs. 25.0%; χ<sup>2</sup>=8.792, p=0.003) as well as individually (anti-TPO: 37.0% vs. 20.0%; χ<sup>2</sup>=8.955, p=0.004 and anti-TG: 31.0% vs. 9.0%; χ<sup>2</sup>=17.861, p&lt;0.001) in the patients with nodular goiter than that of control. Conversely, there was no statistical difference between STN and MNG for antibody status when considered together (41.lvs. 42.5%; χ<sup>2</sup>=0.093; p=0.769) or separately (for anti-TPO: 34.2% vs. 38.6%; χ<sup>2</sup>=0.374, p=0.648 and anti TG: 27.4% vs. 33.1%; χ<sup>2</sup>=0.698, p=0.431). Also there was no statistical disparity for frequency of positivity of the two antibodies in STN (p=0.359) and MNG (p=0.167).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Significant number of nodular goiter cases was positive for anti-thyroid antibodies.</p>

scholarly journals The Influence of High Iodine Intake on Chosen Blood Parameters of Sheep

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Hana Dušová ◽  
Jan Trávníček ◽  
Zdeněk Peksa ◽  
Kristýna Šimák-Líbalová ◽  
Anna Šimková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
High Iodine ◽  
Group A ◽  
Red Blood Cell Count ◽  
Group B

The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of high iodine intake in ewes on haematological and biochemical parameters of the blood of ewes and their lambs. Twelve pregnant ewes of the Sumava sheep breed and their newborn lambs were included in the experiment. Control group (A) consisted of 6 ewes with 7 lambs and experimental group (B) comprised 6 ewes with 6 lambs. The feed ration was enriched with calcium iodate by addition of 3 and 5 mg/kg in group A and group B, respectively. The studied parameters in ewes and lambs were haematocrit value, red blood cell count and haemoglobin concentration in blood, concentration of urea and total proteins, and alkaline phosphatase activity in blood plasma. No differences were found out in haematocrit value, red blood cell count, concentration of haemoglobin and total proteins between groups of ewes A and B with their lambs. Urea concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity were higher in ewes of group B and their lambs during the entire experimental period. An increase in the values of urea and alkaline phosphatase in the group of ewes and lambs with higher iodine intake indicates a potential risk of high iodine intake associated with changes in the thyroid activity in ewes and their lambs.

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