scholarly journals Investigation of the Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal Axis and Changes in the Size of Adrenal Glands in Acute Brucellosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orhan YILDIZ ◽  
Cumali GOKCE ◽  
Emine ALP ◽  
Ahmet Candan DURAK ◽  
Bilgehan AYGEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

scholarly journals Toll-Like Receptor 9 Expression in Murine and Human Adrenal Glands and Possible Implications during Inflammation

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 2773-2783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Tran ◽  
Alexander Koch ◽  
Reinhard Berkels ◽  
Olaf Boehm ◽  
Paula A. Zacharowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Western World ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Bacterial Dna ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Cpg Oligodeoxynucleotide ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Abstract Context: Sepsis is a leading cause of death in the Western world and can be associated with failure of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. A coordinated response of the adrenal and immune system is of vital importance for survival during sepsis. Within the immune response, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role by recognizing pathogen-associated molecules such as bacterial DNA. TLR-9 can detect motifs of unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) dinucleotides (CpG-DNA) being present in bacterial DNA. Objective: We investigated whether TLR-9 is expressed in human and murine adrenal glands and whether its activation is associated with an adrenal response. Design: Human fetal and adult adrenal glands; wild-type, C57BL/6 and TLR-9 deficient (TLR-9−/−) mice; and in vitro cell line models were used in the study. Setting: The study took place at a university hospital. Results: TLR-9 is expressed in human and murine adrenal glands, as well as in in vitro cell lines (Y-1 and NCI-H295R cells). CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide challenge caused a 3-fold increase in plasma levels of corticosterone in wild-type mice. This effect was not observed in TLR-9−/− mice. Furthermore, CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide challenge resulted in a strong release of several inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, and IL-1β, -6, -10, and -12 in vivo as well as in vitro. Again, this effect was not present in TLR-9−/− mice. Conclusions: TLR-9 is present in both murine and human adrenal glands. TLR-9 stimulation led to a corticosterone and inflammatory cytokine response. TLR-9 may play a role in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis during conditions in which bacterial DNA is present.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF CHOLECYSTOKININ ON THE PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS OF RATS WITH INTACT OR REGENERATING ADRENAL GLANDS

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUDWIK K. MALENDOWICZ ◽  
NATASZA JEDRZEJCZAK ◽  
CARLO MACCHI ◽  
ANNA MARKOWSKA ◽  
CINZIA TORTORELLA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis
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