Far-side occupant responses based on current US side-impact protocol using finite element human body models

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Syed Imam ◽  
Hwai Chang Wu ◽  
King Hay Yang ◽  
Saeed Barbat
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Human Body Models

DEVELOPMENT AND BIOFIDELITY EVALUATION OF AN OCCUPANT BIOMECHANICAL MODEL OF A CHINESE 50TH PERCENTILE MALE FOR SIDE IMPACT

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (07) ◽  
pp. 1740039 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHENGWEI MA ◽  
LELE JING ◽  
FENGCHONG LAN ◽  
JINLUN WANG ◽  
JIQING CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Lateral Impact ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Body Model

Finite element modeling has played a significant role in the study of human body biomechanical responses and injury mechanisms during vehicle impacts. However, there are very few reports on similar studies conducted in China for the Chinese population. In this study, a high-precision human body finite element model of the Chinese 50th percentile male was developed. The anatomical structures and mechanical characteristics of real human body were replicated as precise as possible. In order to analyze the model’s biofidelity in side-impact injury prediction, a global technical standard, ISO/TR 9790, was used that specifically assesses the lateral impact biofidelity of anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) and computational models. A series of model simulations, focusing on different body parts, were carried out against the tests outlined in ISO/TR 9790. Then, the biofidelity ratings of the full human body model and different body parts were evaluated using the ISO/TR 9790 rating method. In a 0–10 rating scale, the resulting rating for the full human body model developed is 8.57, which means a good biofidelity. As to different body parts, the biofidelity ratings of the head and shoulder are excellent, while those of the neck, thorax, abdomen and pelvis are good. The resulting ratings indicate that the human body model developed in this study is capable of investigating the side-impact responses of and injuries to occupants’ different body parts. In addition, the rating of the model was compared with those of the other human body finite element models and several side-impact dummy models. This allows us to assess the robustness of our model and to identify necessary improvements.

Comparison of Dummy and Human Body Models in Automotive Side Impact Collisions According to the Regulatory Standards

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Suresh Koppisetty ◽  
S. S. Akhil Hawaldar ◽  
Hamid M. Lankarani
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
The United States ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Car Accidents ◽  
Regulatory Standards ◽  
Human Body Models ◽  
Crash Performance

Abstract Side-Impact car accidents are the second leading cause of fatalities in the United States. Regulatory standards have been developed for occupant protection in side impact car accidents using dummies or Anthropomorphic Test Devices (ATDs). Although the regulations are based on the use of ATDs, there might be differences between an actual human crash performance and that of a dummy crash performance. In recent years, technology has improved in such a way that crash scenarios can be modeled in various computational software. The human dynamic responses can be examined using active human body models including a combination of rigid bodies, finite elements, and kinematic joints, thus making them versatile to use in all crash test scenarios. In this study, the nearside occupants are considered as per regulatory standards set by National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Vehicle side-impact crash simulations are carried out using LS-DYNA finite element (FE) software, and the occupant response simulations are obtained using MADYMO. Because the simulation of an entire FE model of a car and occupant is quite time-consuming and computationally expensive, a prescribed structural motion (PSM) technique has been utilized in this study and applied to the side-door panel with an occupant positioned in the driver seat of the car in MADYMO. Regular side-impact deformable barrier and pole test simulations are performed with belted and unbelted occupant models considering two different target vehicles namely — a mid-size sedan and a small compact car. Responses from the dummy and the human body models are compared in order to quantify differences between the two in side impacts. The results from this study indicate that human body model behavior is generally similar to that of dummy model in terms of kinematic responses. However, the corresponding injury parameters of the human model are typically higher than that of the dummy model.

Deflection Corridors of Abdomen and Thorax in Oblique Side Impacts Using Equal Stress Equal Velocity Approach: Comparison With Other Normalization Methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayan Yoganandan ◽  
Mike W. J. Arun ◽  
John Humm ◽  
Frank A. Pintar
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Specific Load ◽  
Side Impacts ◽  
Normalization Methods

The first objective of the study was to determine the thorax and abdomen deflection time corridors using the equal stress equal velocity approach from oblique side impact sled tests with postmortem human surrogates fitted with chestbands. The second purpose of the study was to generate deflection time corridors using impulse momentum methods and determine which of these methods best suits the data. An anthropometry-specific load wall was used. Individual surrogate responses were normalized to standard midsize male anthropometry. Corridors from the equal stress equal velocity approach were very similar to those from impulse momentum methods, thus either method can be used for this data. Present mean and plus/minus one standard deviation abdomen and thorax deflection time corridors can be used to evaluate dummies and validate complex human body finite element models.

Evaluation of finite element human body models in lateral padded pendulum impacts to the shoulder

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Lanner ◽  
Peter Halldin ◽  
Johan Iraeus ◽  
Kristian Holmqvist ◽  
Krystoffer Mroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Human Body Models

Pelvic Injury Survival Analysis for a Finite Element Human Body Model Using Multiple Data Sets

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin M. Weaver ◽  
Anna N. Miller ◽  
Joel D. Stitzel
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Pelvic Fracture ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Data Sets ◽  
Human Body Models

Finite element (FE) computational human body models (HBMs) have gained popularity over the past several decades as human surrogates for use in blunt injury research. FE HBMs are critical for the analysis of local injury mechanisms. These metrics are challenging to measure experimentally and demonstrate an important advantage of HBMs. The objective of this study is to evaluate the injury risk predictive power of localized metrics to predict the risk of pelvic fracture in a FE HBM. The Global Human Body Models Consortium (GHBMC) 50th percentile detailed male model (v4.3) was used for this study. Cross-sectional and cortical bone surface instrumentation was implemented in the GHBMC pelvis. Lateral impact FE simulations were performed using input data from tests performed on post mortem human subjects (PMHS). Predictive power of the FE force and strain outputs on localized fracture risk was evaluated using the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The ROC curve analysis showed moderate predictive power for the superior pubic ramus and sacrum. Additionally, cross-sectional force was compared to a range of percentile outputs of maximum principal, minimum principal, and effective cortical element strains. From this analysis it was determined that cross-sectional force was the best predictor of localized pelvic fracture.

A Nonlinear Viscoelastic Model for Adipose Tissue Representing Tissue Response at a Wide Range of Strain Rates and High Strain Levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosein Naseri ◽  
Håkan Johansson ◽  
Karin Brolin
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Viscoelastic Model ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Nonlinear Viscoelastic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Human Body Models ◽  
Nonlinear Viscoelastic Model

Finite element human body models (FEHBMs) are nowadays commonly used to simulate pre- and in-crash occupant response in order to develop advanced safety systems. In this study, a biofidelic model for adipose tissue is developed for this application. It is a nonlinear viscoelastic model based on the Reese et al.'s formulation. The model is formulated in a large strain framework and applied for finite element (FE) simulation of two types of experiments: rheological experiments and ramped-displacement experiments. The adipose tissue behavior in both experiments is represented well by this model. It indicates the capability of the model to be used in large deformation and wide range of strain rates for application in human body models.

Evaluation of finite element human body models for use in a standardized protocol for pedestrian safety assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (sup2) ◽  
pp. S32-S36 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Decker ◽  
Bharath Koya ◽  
Wansoo Pak ◽  
Costin D. Untaroiu ◽  
F. Scott Gayzik
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Pedestrian Safety ◽  
Standardized Protocol ◽  
Human Body Models

A Method to Use Kriging With Large Sets of Control Points to Morph Finite Element Models of the Human Body

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Janák ◽  
Yoann Lafon ◽  
Philippe Petit ◽  
Philippe Beillas
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Large Sets ◽  
Spatial Subdivision ◽  
Male Model ◽  
Human Body Models

Abstract As developing finite element (FE) human body models for automotive impact is a time-consuming process, morphing using interpolation methods such as kriging has often been used to rapidly generate models of different shapes and sizes. Kriging can be computationally expensive when many control points (CPs) are used, i.e., for very detailed target geometry (e.g., shape of bones and skin). It can also lead to element quality issues (up to inverted elements) preventing the use of the morphed models for finite element simulation. This paper presents a workflow combining iterative subsampling and spatial subdivision methodology that effectively reduces the computational costs and allows for the generation of usable models through kriging with hundreds of thousands of control points. As subdivision introduces discontinuities in the interpolation function that can cause distortion of elements on the boundaries of individual subdivision areas, algorithms for smoothing the interpolation over those boundaries are proposed and compared. Those techniques and their combinations were tested and evaluated in a scenario of mass change on the detailed 50th percentile male model of the global human body models consortium (GHBMC): the model, which has body mass index (BMI) 25.34, was morphed toward a statistical surface model of a person with body mass index 20, 22.7 and 35. 234 777 control points were used to successfully morph the model in less than 15 min on an office PC. Open source implementation is provided.

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