Path management method for large-scale MPLS networks from viewpoint of operational cost factors

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2/3) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Motoi Iwashita ◽  
Masayuki Tsujino
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Management Method ◽  
Cost Factors

Operational Cost of Running Real-Time Mobile Cloud Applications

2015 ◽  
pp. 294-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ovunc Kocabas ◽  
Regina Gyampoh-Vidogah ◽  
Tolga Soyata
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Mobile Cloud ◽  
Cost Models ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cloud Applications

This chapter describes the concepts and cost models used for determining the cost of providing cloud services to mobile applications using different pricing models. Two recently implemented mobile-cloud applications are studied in terms of both the cost of providing such services by the cloud operator, and the cost of operating them by the cloud user. Computing resource requirements of both applications are identified and worksheets are presented to demonstrate how businesses can estimate the operational cost of implementing such real-time mobile cloud applications at a large scale, as well as how much cloud operators can profit from providing resources for these applications. In addition, the nature of available service level agreements (SLA) and the importance of quality of service (QoS) specifications within these SLAs are emphasized and explained for mobile cloud application deployment.

Interpretation and Analysis About Energy Savings in Commercial Green Houses Using Custom-Made Shadenets As Well As Thermal Reflective Screens

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subin MattaraChalill ◽  
Chinnapalaniandi Periasamy ◽  
Pillai Nandakumar ◽  
Ram Karthikeyan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Selection Of

Greenhouses are known to be the modern outlook for the agronomical industry in terms of high-end yield especially in the regions where climatic conditions are not stable like in the Middle East, Europe, and United States. Crop optimization is one of the major challenges facing the farmers and the controlled production centers can dictate this difficulty in the upcoming market. Greenhouses are considered as the high -tech production centers which can support the food industry to have a green revolution through the mass production of the vegetables and spices. Properly designed commercial greenhouses can increase the yield by minimizing the operational cost especially in terms of reducing the energy consumption. In order to have a properly designed greenhouse, the selection or up gradation of the shade structures can play a vital role. Conventional greenhouses are made of polycarbonate sheets and in some cases the polyhouses by using simple polyethylene sheets. In this scenario, the main drawbacks were the energy consumption, operational expenses and the effectiveness of the indoor temperature control. Custom designed shades based on the crop requirements can provide high production rate by reducing the energy consumption. The detailed microstructural analysis in conjunction with the photosynthesis demand can provide a better selection of the shade-net or curtains. Greenhouse shade structure can be upgraded using the motorized specially designed nets or by using thermal-reflective screens. This up gradation can provide four stage advantages. In stage one this can decrease the 50% of heat energy and which will save the HVAC operational cost. During the stage, two better temperature control during the day and night will provide a good environment to provide proper PAR (Photosynthetically Active Radiation)[5] for photosynthesis, in the wavelength range of 400 to 700 nanometer. Third and fourth stages are the protection from the frost as well heat stress during the different climatic conditions. In the present market condition, the commercial greenhouses are being built in large scale by neglecting the energy saving options in shade structures. The commercial greenhouses using the upgraded shade structures can save the operational cost by 25 to 30%. Selection of this shade-nets or curtains can be done using the detailed microstructural analysis of the material. Shade-nets/curtains can be controlled manually, mechanically or can be automated in large-scale greenhouses. Flowering dates in the plants can be accelerated using the shading materials and delayed by the use of control treatment, which coincides with the results obtained in the previous studies [1]. This has proven with high land experiments [2]. Greenhouse shade nets are used in order to protect crops and plants from adverse weather conditions, animals and pests, besides providing suitable conditions for plant growth. The essential performance properties required for greenhouse shade nets are the resistance to solar radiation and weathering. The intensity of the Photo Synthetically Active Radiation (PAR) directly influences plant growth. Other nonvisible radiations are ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR) and far infrared (FIR)[16]. Polypropylene and polyester are more resistant to UV radiation than polyethylene, which is resistant to radiations in the visible region. The use of greenhouse shade nets in outdoor conditions also requires them to be resistant to abrasion[3]. The objective of the present work is to examine the effectiveness of the properly selected shade-net/curtain in commercial greenhouses in terms of high yield energy savings. This study was conducted to compare the traditional polycarbonate sheet with the innovation of properly designed shade curtain made-up from high-density polyethylene (HDPE) fiber reinforced material discover the best shading method for plant growth in an ideal energy conservation scenario. The study was conducted in the two identical greenhouses (planted with lettuce crop) located in Al Khawaneej farm in the Emirate of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. Yield versus the energy consumption has been observed in a period of time and obtained the reduction in energy consummation of almost 20 to 30 %.

Application of XML for Telemetry Data Management

2013 ◽  
Vol 756-759 ◽  
pp. 3250-3253
Author(s):  
Zhi Guo Zhang ◽  
Lei Gong ◽  
Hong Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Data Structure ◽  
Data Management ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Text File ◽  
Telemetry Data ◽  
Binary File ◽  
Practical System ◽  
Management Method

At present, the telemetry data is stored and released in the form of binary file or text file, and the user cant find out the data structure from the file itself, this bring difficulties in query and the information sharing. To deal with the problem, a XML-based telemetry data management method was proposed by taking the advantages of extensible makeup language (XML). Large scale of telemetry data can be stored in sections using this method, index efficiency of telemetry data is increased obviously in the operation of practical system. The distribution ability of telemetry data is increased too.

Current Situation and Outlook on Biological Treatment of Wastewater in Metallic Mine

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 2460-2463
Author(s):  
Si Qing Liu ◽  
Bao Xu Song ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Wan Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Application Range ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Fundamental Research

Wastewater in mining and concentration operations is of high acidity, and contains a vast array of heavy metal ions, and some organic compounds. Biological treatment of the wastewater in some metallic-ore mines and concentrators are reviewed. There is a fast development of biological process from fundamental research to large scale commercial application in the past 20 years. Compared with other processes, biological process has an excellent performance without secondary pollution, including its wide pH application range, small investment and low operational cost. Biological process is still a promising process in treating wastewater for mining industry.

scholarly journals Route optimization for city cleaning vehicle

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 483-498
Author(s):  
Łukasz Wojciechowski ◽  
Tadeusz Cisowski ◽  
Arkadiusz Małek
Keyword(s):  
Basic Problem ◽  
Work Organization ◽  
Initial Point ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Route Optimization ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Cost Factors

Abstract The basic problem concerning the waste management system is work organization, which should be effective with maximum profit and minimum financial outlays. This means that the key factor for the efficient functioning of this system are all types of costs. When collecting waste, the main operational cost factors are the driver's working time and the service time of the waste collection vehicle, as well as the route that the vehicle has to cover. The article presents route optimization solution for a vehicle collecting urban waste (both mixed and segregated) is a simple method of determining the order of driving through individual city streets. The prepared solution is universal and is not limited only to the surveyed housing estate. It presents a pattern that can be applied to other routes in a similar way. Shortening the distance and thus the working time is a result of minimizing empty runs and moving several times over the same section. Developing an optimal route for so many values requires very complicated calculations and would not reflect the real possibilities of waste collection by employees and MZGK Company. The presented solution can be used as an instruction to take the first steps to optimize the operation of the vehicle and as an initial point for further modifications of the operating system.

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