Activated sludge and chemical treatment process for Chemi-Thermo-Mechanical Pulping black liquors

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ikram Aujla ◽  
Muhammad Akram Kashmiri ◽  
Babar Ali
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Black Liquors

Pond Treatment of Rettery Wastewaters

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
K. Bartoszewski ◽  
A. Bilyk
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Aerobic Stabilization ◽  
In Series

Rettery wastewaters were treated in anaerobic and aerobic ponds. Anaerobic treatment yielded efficiencies of BOD5 and COD removal as low as 20%. The treatment process conducted under aerobic conditions in aerated and stabilizing ponds arranged in series took from 18 to 20 days and gave efficiencies of BOD5 and COD removal amounting to 90%. The experimental results were interpreted by virtue of the Eckenfelder equation. Excess activated sludge was subjected to aerobic stabilization in a separate tank. A new technology was suggested for the existing obsolete industrial treatment plant.

Performance Stability of Small Biological Chemical Treatment Plants

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 275-282
Author(s):  
R. Storhaug
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Chemical Plants ◽  
Effluent Standards ◽  
Main Portion ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactors ◽  
Number Of Treatment

Biological and chemical treatment plants constitute a main portion of the overall number of treatment plants in Norway. The biological and chemical plants are divided into three process groups, simultaneous precipitation and activated sludge, combined precipitation and rotating biological contactors (RBC) and post precipitation and activated sludge. Aluminium sulphate or ferric chloride are the commonly used flocculants in the chemical precipitation process. Effluent data from 174 Norwegian biological chemical treatment plants are evaluated. Compared to the effluent standards for each process group, post precipitation shows the best performance. On an average these plants have the lowest actual utilization of the design capacity. The most important factors that cause the treatment plants not to meet the effluent standards are, poor quality of the sewer system, improper design of the plant and organizational problems. Satisfactory separation of particles, flow equalization and proper operational management, are the basic demands to achieve low effluent concentrations for tot-P and BOD7.

The comparison of the diversity of activated sludge plants

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Curtis ◽  
Noel G. Craine
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Optimal Sampling ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Probable Presence ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sampling Regime

The explicit engineering of bacterial populations requires that we know which organisms perform which tasks. The comparison of the bacterial diversity of activated sludge plants may give important information about the functions of different bacteria. This difficult task may be made easier by the use of technologies based on 16S rRNA based techniques. In this study we have used denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to determine the optimal sampling regime for comparative studies and used cluster analysis to show how plants may be quantitatively compared. We sought evidence of spatial, diurnal and intrasample variation in a number of sites. No evidence for variation was found in the plants studied and we concluded that a single sample of an activated sludge plant was sufficient for a plant to plant comparison. The cluster analysis was able to distinguish between plants, though further work is required to find the most appropriate basis for such comparisons. We found organisms from raw sewage in the mixed liquor samples, these organisms may have no functional significance in the treatment process and thus complicate plant to plant comparisons as will the probable presence of heteroduplex rDNA products. Nevertheless we believe that these drawbacks do not outweigh the advantages of being able to take and compare relatively large numbers of samples.

scholarly journals The role of a chemical loop in removal of hazardous contaminants from coke oven wastewater during its treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1288-1300
Author(s):  
Anna Kwiecińska-Mydlak ◽  
Marcin Sajdak ◽  
Katarzyna Rychlewska ◽  
Jan Figa
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Coke Oven ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Coal Processing ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Iron Based

AbstractCoke oven liquor is one of the most contaminated liquid streams generated by the coal processing industry, thus its proper treatment and utilization is crucial for sustainable and environmentally neutral plant operation. The conventional wastewater treatment process comprises of chemical and biological processes. Within the current research the detailed role of chemical treatment is described. Commercially available iron-based coagulants (PIX100, PIX100COP, PIX113, PIX116) were tested to understand their removal efficiency and impact on the stream parameters. The influence of iron dose in the range of 300-500 mgFe/L on the process performance was also examined.It was found that the main role of chemical treatment was to bind toxicants harmful to activated sludge microorganisms, i.e. free and complex cyanides and sulphides. Among the tested iron-based conventional coagulants ferrous salts were more efficient than ferric salts. It was also observed that efficiency of the process strongly depended on wastewater properties (especially in regard to pH, which should be in the range of 9-10) and the coagulant selection needed to be done individually for a given wastewater type. The removal rates of particular contaminants were diversified and for free cyanides, complex cyanides and sulphides they were in the range of 23-91%, -156-77% and -357-98%, respectively. The expected, simultaneous removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) during the treatment was not observed and even the parameter value increased after the process due to probable formation of compounds less vulnerable to oxidation.

scholarly journals Unravelling diversity and metabolic potential of microbial consortia at each stage of leather sewage treatment

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (66) ◽  
pp. 41727-41737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hebin Liang ◽  
Dongdong Ye ◽  
Lixin Luo
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Biological Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
System P

Activated sludge is essential for the biological wastewater treatment process and the identification of active microbes enlarges awareness of their ecological functions in this system.

Activated Sludge Treatment of Ethoxylate Surfactants at High Industrial Use Concentrations

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Salanitro ◽  
G. C. Langston ◽  
P. B. Dorn ◽  
L. Kravetz
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylate ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Nonylphenol Ethoxylate ◽  
Incomplete Removal ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Bod Removal

The primary degradation of a linear alcohol ethoxylate (AE) and a branched nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE) was investigated in bench-scale activated sludge units treating a synthetic sewage feed. Biotreaters were gradually adapted to 10-100 mg/ℓ surfactant and effluents monitored for loss of nonionic ethoxylate, foaming, feed BOD removal, nitrification and biosolids growth. Both surfactants were degraded at influent doses of 10-40 mg/ℓ. Substantial BOD breakthrough, loss of nitrification, aerator foaming and incomplete removal of the NPE surfactant occurred when fed at 80 and 100 mg/ℓ while the unit treating AE was unaffected by high surfactant levels. Comparative aquatic toxicity of the biotreated waste at high surfactant levels indicated that the NPE effluent was acutely toxic (EC50, 7-15% effluent) to the fathead minnow and Daphnia while that of the AE unit was non-toxic (EC50, > 100% effluent) to these same species. These studies indicate that the treatment of wastes containing high levels of NPE ethoxylates may adversely impact an activated sludge process in incomplete degradation and foaming, impaired BOD removal, loss in nitrification and the formation of toxic effluents. AE surfactants, however, undergo extensive microbial degradation and cause little or no impact on the activated sludge treatment process.

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