Coagulation behaviour of polyaluminium chloride with different aluminium speciation

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (1/2/3) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Juan Liu ◽  
Cheng Zhi Hu ◽  
Jiu Hui Qu
Keyword(s):  
Aluminium Speciation ◽  
Polyaluminium Chloride

Особенности стандартизации химических реагентов для подготовки питьевой воды (на примере коагулянта полиоксихлорида алюминия)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Samburskii ◽  
O. Ustinova ◽  
Svetlana, Leont’eva
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Disperse Medium ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Technical Regulation ◽  
Uniform Assessment ◽  
Dissolved Form ◽  
Polyaluminium Chloride

Распространенным технологическим приемом удаления из воды грубодисперсных примесей, находящихся во взвешенном состоянии, а также коллоидных органических загрязнений, присутствующих в растворенном виде, является процесс коагуляции. Эффективными коагулянтами для систем с водной дисперсионной средой являются соли поливалентных металлов. Цель работы заключалась в создании нового государственного стандарта, предназначенного для обеспечения единообразной оценки качества коагулянтов. Рассмотрена область применения коагулянтов в процессе водоподготовки и проведен их сравнительный анализ. Показана необходимость унификации в области процессов контроля качества коагулянтов. Сформулированы общие требования к контролю качества полиоксихлорида алюминия. Представлен разработанный и утвержденный новый национальный стандарт ГОСТ Р 58580-2019 Полиоксихлорид алюминия. Технические условия , который учитывает требования санитарного законодательства, технического регулирования, безопасности процессов производства и транспортировки полиоксихлорида алюминия.Coagulation process has been a widespread process technology for removing coarse suspended impurities from water, as well as colloidal organic contaminants present in dissolved form. Polyvalent metal salts are effective coagulants for the systems with aqueous disperse medium. The purpose of the work was developing a new state standard to provide for a uniform assessment of the quality of coagulants. The scope of coagulants in the process of water treatment is considered and their comparative analysis is carried out. The general requirements to the control of polyaluminium chloride quality are formulated. The developed and approved new national standard GOST R 58580-2019 Polyaluminium chloride. Technical conditions is presented that takes into account the requirements of sanitary legislation, technical regulation, safety of the processes of production and transportation of polyaluminium chloride.

scholarly journals Effects of Lanthanum Modified Bentonite and Polyaluminium Chloride on the Environmental Variables in the Water and Sediment Phosphorus Form in Lake Yanglan, China

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 1947
Author(s):  
Ling Su ◽  
Chen Zhong ◽  
Lei Gan ◽  
Xiaolin He ◽  
Jinlei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Modified Bentonite ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Phosphorus Form ◽  
Labile P ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Polyaluminium Chloride

The application of lanthanum modified bentonite (Phoslock®) and polyaluminium chloride (PAC) is popular in the restoration of European temperate lakes; however, the effects of the application on the concentrations of phosphorus (P) in both the water and the sediments have been poorly evaluated to date. We studied the effects of the application of Phoslock® + PAC on the concentrations of total phosphorus (TP), particulate phosphorus (PP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), total suspended solids (TSS) and chlorophyll a (Chla) in the water, and different P forms in the sediments, in an isolated part of Lake Yanglan. The results showed that the concentrations of TP, PP, SRP, TSS and Chla decreased significantly after the addition of Phoslock® + PAC. Moreover, the concentrations of labile-P, reductant-soluble-P and organic-P in the sediments were also significantly decreased after the Phoslock® + PAC application. However, the concentrations of both the stable apatite-P and residual-P in the sediments after application of Phoslock® + PAC were much higher than the pre-addition values, while the concentrations of metal-oxide-P did not differ significantly between the pre- and post- application conditions. Our findings imply that the combined application of Phoslock® and PAC can be used in the restoration of subtropical shallow lakes, to reduce the concentrations of P in the water and suppress the release of P from the sediments.

scholarly journals Removing Iron and Organic Substances from Water over the Course of Its Treatment with the Application of Average and Highly Alkaline Polyaluminium Chlorides

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1367
Author(s):  
Izabela Krupińska
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Iron Ions ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Iron Compounds ◽  
Polyaluminum Chloride ◽  
Coagulation Process ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Organic Complexes ◽  
Polyaluminium Chloride

In topic-related literature pertaining to the treatment of water, there is a lack of information on the influence of iron ions in highly basic polyaluminum chlorides on the efficiency of purifying water with increased contents of organic substance. The aim of this work was to determine the changes in the content of organic substances as well as iron compounds in water intended for human consumption following unit treatment processes with particular attention paid to the coagulation process. As coagulants, polyaluminium chloride PAXXL10 with an alkalinity of 70%, as well as polyaluminium chloride PAXXL1911 with an alkalinity of 85% the composition of which also contained iron, were tested. The analysis of the obtained results showed that iron compounds and organic substances were removed to the greatest extent by the coagulation process, which also had a significant influence on the final efficiency of water treatment. The effectiveness of water treatment was determined by the type of tested polyaluminum chloride, which influenced the formation of iron-organic complexes. The reason behind the formation of colored iron-organic complexes during coagulation using PAXXL1911 coagulant was the high pH (approx. 8), at which the functional groups of organic substances, due to their dissociation, are more reactive in relation to iron, and possibly the fact of introducing additional iron ions along with the coagulant.

Properties of flocs produced by water treatment coagulants

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gregory ◽  
V. Dupont
Keyword(s):  
Test Procedure ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Optical Technique ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Aluminium Sulfate ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Clay Suspensions ◽  
Polyaluminium Chloride ◽  
Floc Breakage

Hydrolyzing coagulants are extensively used in water and wastewater treatment, often under conditions where hydroxide precipitation is important, giving “sweep flocculation”. Pre-hydrolyzed coagulants, such as polyaluminium chloride (PACl) are also widely used and have several advantages over traditional additives, such as aluminium sulfate. Their action is usually discussed in terms of cationic species and charge neutralization. However, precipitation may also be important and this aspect has not been considered in detail. The present work has compared the action of alum and three commercial PACl products on model clay suspensions. The conventional jar test procedure has been used, along with measurements of settled floc volume and dynamic monitoring of floc formation and break-up by an optical technique. The latter method gives very useful information on the nature of the flocs produced and their response to different shear conditions. It is clear from the results that the PACl products form larger and stronger flocs than alum. With all coagulants floc breakage appears to be essentially irreversible. Sediment volumes are slightly lower for flocs produced by PACl than by alum, but the value is proportional to the dosage in all cases.

Renal filtration and excretion of aluminium in the rat: dose-response relationships and effects of aluminium speciation

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 494-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ Lote ◽  
JA Wood ◽  
A. Thewles ◽  
M. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aluminium Sulphate ◽  
Renal Handling ◽  
Aluminium Speciation ◽  
Aluminium Citrate ◽  
Aluminium Species ◽  
Filtered Load

The known toxicity of aluminium, and the toxicity of agents (such as desferrioxamine) used to remove alumini um from the body, has prompted us to investigate whether there may be ways of enhancing aluminium excretion by exploiting the normal renal handling of aluminium. Aluminium (as sulphate or citrate) was administered intravenously to conscious rats at doses ranging from 25 μg (0.93 μmol) to 800 μg (29.6 μmol) aluminium, and alu minium excretion was monitored over the following 2 h. Measurements of the filterability of aluminium from the rat plasma, and the glomerular filtration rate (inulin clearance), enabled us to calculate the filtered load of alu minium, and hence determine aluminium reabsorption. At all doses of administered aluminium, that adminis tered as sulphate was excreted less effectively than that administered as citrate. This difference was attributable to the much greater filterability of aluminium administered as citrate. However, for any given filtered load, the excre tion of aluminium administered as citrate was not signifi cantly different (in either fractional or absolute terms) from the excretion of aluminium administered as sulphate. It seems likely that, following aluminium sulphate administration, the filtered aluminium may be an alumini um citrate form which is then reabsorbed in the same way as aluminium administered as citrate. It is thus apparent that aluminium removal from the body could be further enhanced if it were possible to pre vent the tubular reabsorption of the aluminium species which is so effectively filtered following aluminium citrate administration.

Polyaluminium chloride and flocculation aids for colour removal from biologically treated textile mill effluent

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Gemima Santos Arcanjo ◽  
Pedro Henrique Guerra Alves ◽  
Rafael Kopschitz Xavier Bastos ◽  
Leonardo Oliveira Cordeiro
Keyword(s):  
Textile Mill ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Polyaluminium Chloride

Application of recycled sludge to stabilize coagulation process

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1571-1579
Author(s):  
Jolanta Gumińska ◽  
Adam Gumiński
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Coagulation Process ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Filter Bed ◽  
Polyaluminium Chloride ◽  
Variable Quality

In conventional treatment of variable quality mountain water, an inability to immediately adjust the coagulant dose to variations in water quality causes overdose or underdose of coagulant in relation to its optimal value. The results of the research showed that the reuse of post-coagulation sludge was an effective method to maintain high and stable coagulation effectiveness under both polyaluminium chloride (PACl) overdose and underdose conditions. Recycled sludge contains a large portion of insoluble aluminium hydroxides that could be utilized in underdose PACl conditions. Post-coagulation sludge recycled to a flocculation tank enabled the reduction of a dose of low basicity PACl by 15% compared to a dose required in conventional coagulation. In periods of coagulant overdosing, sludge addition prevented an increase in the number of fine particles in an outflow from sedimentation tanks that could not be retained in a filter bed.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the Coagulate Obtained During the Process of Model Wastewater Treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Julija Brovkina ◽  
Galija Shulga ◽  
Jurijs Ozolins ◽  
Zilgma Irbe ◽  
Maris Turks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Sludge Volume Index ◽  
Organic Part ◽  
Main Drawback ◽  
Average Size ◽  
By Products ◽  
Polyaluminium Chloride

In the process of wastewater treatment by coagulation a large amount of sediment is being produced, which is the main drawback of this method. Therefore, the development of utilization or recirculation technology of the waste obtained, the research of the obtained by-products should be conducted. Within the scope of this work, the sediment, that is being formed during the coagulation of the model wastewater containing the wood originated pollutants, was studied. Using the aluminium-containing composition coagulant on a base of polyaluminium chloride, coagulates characterized by the low sludge volume index within 30 minutes (89 ml g-1), and the optimal time of sedimentation is 20-30 minutes. The coagulate particles have an average size of 45.8 μm. The derived coagulate is composed primarily of carbon (27.9%), oxygen (49.4%) and aluminum (10.9%). Carbon, oxygen and hydrogen belong to an organic part of coagulate-the wood pollutants, which, in turn, has a high content of hemicellulose. It is concluded that the existing hemicellulose in the obtained coagulate is characterized by O-acetyl-4-O-methyl-D-glucuron-β-D-xylan with β-(1-4)-glucomannose.

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