Identification of protein sequence motifs using modified and adaptive fuzzy C-means granular models

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
M. Chitralegha ◽  
K. Thangavel
Keyword(s):  
Protein Sequence ◽  
Sequence Motifs ◽  
Adaptive Fuzzy ◽  
Fuzzy C Means ◽  
Protein Sequence Motifs

Early Molecular Evolution

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 375-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward N. Trifonov
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Protein Sequence ◽  
Last Common Ancestor ◽  
Sequence Motifs ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Function Modules ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Module Size ◽  
Protein Sequence Motifs ◽  
Polypeptide Chains

Four fundamentally novel, recent developments make a basis for the Theory of Early Molecular Evolution. The theory outlines the molecular events from the onset of the triplet code to the formation of the earliest sequence/structure/function modules of proteins. These developments are: (1) Reconstruction of the evolutionary chart of codons; (2) Discovery of omnipresent protein sequence motifs, apparently conserved since the last common ancestor; (3) Discovery of closed loops—standard structural modules of modern proteins; (4) Construction of protein sequence space of module size fragments, with far-reaching evolutionary implications. The theory generates numerous predictions, confirmed by massive nucleotide and protein sequence analyses, such as existence of two distinct classes of amino acids, and their periodical distribution along the sequences. The emerging picture of the earliest molecular evolutionary events is outlined: consecutive engagement of codons, formation of the earliest short peptides, and growth of the polypeptide chains to the size of loop closure, 25-30 residues.

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