scholarly journals Abnormal protein and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in the prefrontal cortex of depressed individuals who died by suicide

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 376-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghanshyam N. Pandey ◽  
Hooriyah S. Rizavi ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Runa Bhaumik ◽  
Xinguo Ren
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Abnormal Protein

scholarly journals Effects of High Glucose Concentration on Pericyte-Like Differentiated Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4604
Author(s):  
Giuliana Mannino ◽  
Anna Longo ◽  
Florinda Gennuso ◽  
Carmelina Daniela Anfuso ◽  
Gabriella Lupo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Angiogenic Factors ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Migration Ability ◽  
And Migration

A pericyte-like differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) was tested in in vitro experiments for possible therapeutic applications in cases of diabetic retinopathy (DR) to replace irreversibly lost pericytes. For this purpose, pericyte-like ASCs were obtained after their growth in a specific pericyte medium. They were then cultured in high glucose conditions to mimic the altered microenvironment of a diabetic eye. Several parameters were monitored, especially those particularly affected by disease progression: cell proliferation, viability and migration ability; reactive oxygen species (ROS) production; inflammation-related cytokines and angiogenic factors. Overall, encouraging results were obtained. In fact, even after glucose addition, ASCs pre-cultured in the pericyte medium (pmASCs) showed high proliferation rate, viability and migration ability. A considerable increase in mRNA expression levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) was observed, associated with reduction in ROS production, and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and angiogenic factors. Finally, a pmASC-induced better organization of tube-like formation by retinal endothelial cells was observed in three-dimensional co-culture. The pericyte-like ASCs obtained in these experiments represent a valuable tool for the treatment of retinal damages occurring in diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Effects of ketamine on lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the rat prefrontal cortex

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 887-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHUN YANG ◽  
JIANG SHEN ◽  
TAO HONG ◽  
TING-TING HU ◽  
ZHANG-JUN LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines

scholarly journals Cystine reduces tight junction permeability and intestinal inflammation induced by oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells

Amino Acids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Hasegawa ◽  
Ami Mizugaki ◽  
Yoshiko Inoue ◽  
Hiroyuki Kato ◽  
Hitoshi Murakami
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

AbstractIntestinal oxidative stress produces pro-inflammatory cytokines, which increase tight junction (TJ) permeability, leading to intestinal and systemic inflammation. Cystine (Cys2) is a substrate of glutathione (GSH) and inhibits inflammation, however, it is unclear whether Cys2 locally improves intestinal barrier dysfunction. Thus, we investigated the local effects of Cys2 on oxidative stress-induced TJ permeability and intestinal inflammatory responses. Caco-2 cells were cultured in a Cys2-supplemented medium for 24 h and then treated with H2O2 for 2 h. We assessed TJ permeability by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance and the paracellular flux of fluorescein isothiocyanate–dextran 4 kDa. We measured the concentration of Cys2 and GSH after Cys2 pretreatment. The mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was assessed. In addition, the levels of TJ proteins were assessed by measuring the expression of TJ proteins in the whole cells and the ratio of TJ proteins in the detergent-insoluble fractions to soluble fractions (IS/S ratio). Cys2 treatment reduced H2O2-induced TJ permeability. Cys2 did not change the expression of TJ proteins in the whole cells, however, suppressed the IS/S ratio of claudin-4. Intercellular levels of Cys2 and GSH significantly increased in cells treated with Cys2. Cys2 treatment suppressed the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the mRNA levels were significantly correlated with TJ permeability. In conclusion, Cys2 treatment locally reduced oxidative stress-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction possively due to the mitigation of claudin-4 dislocalization. Furthermore, the effect of Cys2 on the improvement of intestinal barrier function is related to the local suppression of oxidative stress-induced pro-inflammatory responses.

Lower antioxidant capacity in the prefrontal cortex of individuals with schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 690-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiru Zhang ◽  
Vibeke Sørensen Catts ◽  
Cynthia Shannon Weickert
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Total Glutathione ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
And Control

Objective: The glutathione (GSH) pathway is the main antioxidant system to protect against oxidative stress in the human brain. In this study, we tested whether molecular components of the GSH antioxidant system are changed in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex tissue from people with schizophrenia compared to controls. Method: The levels of total glutathione and reduced GSH were determined by fluorometric assay via quantifying thiols in extracts from frontal cortex of 68 people. Immunoblotting was used to measure levels of enzymes responsible for maintaining GSH, the glutamyl-cysteine ligase (GCL) catalytic subunit (GCLC) and the GSH peroxidase (GPx)-like protein ( n = 74). Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure GCLC messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. Results: Both total glutathione ( t(66) = 2.467, p = 0.016) and reduced GSH ( t(66) = 3.001, p = 0.004) levels were significantly less in people with schizophrenia than in controls. However, there were no significant differences in either GCLC-like protein ( t(72) = −1.077, p = 0.285) or GCLC mRNA expression ( t(71) = −0.376, p = 0.708) between people with schizophrenia and control subjects. There was also no significant difference of GPx-like protein levels between schizophrenia and controls ( t(72) = −0.060, p = 0.952). Moreover, no significant correlations of putative confounding factors with GSH changes were detected. Discussion: These results suggest that people with schizophrenia have impaired GSH antioxidant capacity, alongside normal levels of key regulatory proteins.

scholarly journals Bee Venom Acupuncture Therapy Ameliorates Neuroinflammatory Alterations in a Pilocarpine-Induced Epilepticus Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer Mohamed Abd El-Hameed ◽  
Abdelaziz S. A. Abuelsaad ◽  
Abdelwahab Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Bee Venom ◽  
Antiinflammatory Drugs ◽  
Blood Electrolytes ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Neurological Effects

Abstract Background: Bee venom (BV) is applied in different traditional medicinal therapies and is used worldwide to prevent and treat many acute and chronic diseases. Epilepsy has various neurological effects, e.g., epileptogenic insults; thus, it is considered a life-threatening condition. Seizures and their effects add to the burden of epilepsy because they can have health effects including residual disability and even premature mortality. The use of antiinflammatory drugs to treat epilepsy is controversial; therefore, the alternative nonchemical apitherapy benefits of BV were evaluated in the present study by assessing neuroinflammatory changes in a pilocarpine-induced epilepticus model. Methods: Levels of electrolytes, neurotransmitters, and mRNA expression for some gate channels were determined. Moreover, ELISA assays were conducted to detect pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, whereas RT-PCR was performed to assess mRNA expression of Foxp3 and CTLA-4.Results: BV ameliorated the interruption in electrolytes and ions through voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels, and it limited neuronal excitability via rapid repolarization of action potentials. In addition, BV inhibited the high expression of proinflammatory cytokines.Conclusions: Acupuncture with BV was effective in preventing some of the deleterious consequences of epileptogenesis associated with high levels of glutamate and DOPA in the hippocampus. BV ameliorates changes in the expression of voltage-gated channels, rebalances blood electrolytes and neurotransmitters, and modulates the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, BV could reduce the progression of epileptogenesis as a cotherapy with other antiepileptic drugs.

scholarly journals Impairment of the context preexposure facilitation effect in juvenile rats by neonatal alcohol exposure is associated with decreased Egr-1 mRNA expression in the prefrontal cortex.

2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Jablonski ◽  
Patrese A. Robinson-Drummer ◽  
William B. Schreiber ◽  
Arun Asok ◽  
Jeffrey B. Rosen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Facilitation Effect ◽  
Juvenile Rats ◽  
Neonatal Alcohol Exposure

P1139EXPRESSION OF TOLL LIKE RECEPTORS, CELL ADHESION MOLECULES AND PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN ESRD PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mantabya Singh ◽  
Narayan Prasad ◽  
Nida Fatima ◽  
Amit Gupta ◽  
Chinmoy Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Esrd Patients ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Background and Aims CAPD is well established modality of treatment for patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Peritonitis is a leading cause of technique failure and death in patients on CAPD. Studies on expressions of host factors like TLRs, CAMs and their relationship with inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-12, TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta) involved in peritonitis and other co-morbidity and functional status are lacking throughout the world. Hence the present study has to be done to determine the expressions of TLR2 and TLR4, and CAMs in ESRD patients. To compare the expression of TLR2, TLR4, ICAM 1 and Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-12, TNF-alpha and IL-1-beta) in Peritonitis, CAPD and CRF group patients. Method A total of 85 ESRD patients recruited and sub-divided into 3 groups. Group1- CAPD patient (n=25), Group 2- Peritonitis patient (n=30), and Group 3- CRF (n=30 patients). mRNA expression of TLR-2, TLR-4 were examined at gene levels by RT PCR and cell adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) were examined at gene and protein levels by RT PCR and ELISA respectively in Serum and Pro-inflammatory cytokines level were also examined by ELISA in serum. We performed microbiological culture for bacterial and fungal pathogens using automated BACTEC culture system. Cell counts were routinely done on every dialysate. Results Out of 30 samples of peritonitis group 15 were culture positive and 15 were culture negative. We found that in peritonitis group the mRNA expression of TLR-2 and TLR-4 was higher as compared to CRF (4.183±2.857vs 3.633±2.41) (p=0.049), (4.314±2.91vs 4.14±1.99) (p=0.015) and CAPD (4.183±2.857vs3.683±2.85) (p=0.041), (4.314±2.91vs 3.88±1.91) (p=0.009) respectively. At gene and protein level ICAM-1 was higher in peritonitis patient compared to CAPD (mRNA expression 4.76±2.64vs 4.36±3.48) (level in sera 660±201.2vs 514±157) (p=0.003). The IL-6 and IL-12 expression was higher in Peritonitis group as compared to CAPD (66.87±64.51vs214.35±220.05) (p=0.04) and (230.17±153.45vs417.04±302.96) (p=0.028) respectively. The TNF-alpha and IL-1-beta expression was not significant among the groups. Conclusion TLRs activation by bacterial molecules leads to the induction of cytokines (IL-6 and IL-12) and chemokine through the activation of NF-ķB pathway and may be responsible for atherosclerosis, morbidity and mortality in ESRD patients. Elevated level of ICAM-1, IL-6 and IL-12 may be responsible for chronic inflammation in Peritonitis group patients.

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