scholarly journals White-matter abnormalities in adolescents with long-term inhalant and cannabis use: a diffusion magnetic resonance imaging study

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 409-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Yücel
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter Abnormalities

Abstract P349: Neuroprotective Effects of L-Carnitine on Vascular Dementia in Hemodialysis Patients

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Ueno ◽  
Takao Urabe ◽  
Nobutaka Hattori
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Microstructural Damage

Background and purpose: L-carnitine alleviated oxidative stress and white matter lesions in an experimental study. Cognitive decline is not uncommon in hemodialysis patients, the pathogenesis of which has not been elucidated. Methods: Using novel diffusion magnetic resonance imaging techniques, white matter microstructural changes and cognitive decline in hemodialysis patients, and the effects of l-carnitine on such disorders were investigated. Fourteen hemodialysis patients underwent diffusion tensor imaging, diffusion kurtosis imaging, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging, and laboratory and neuropsychological tests, which were compared between two groups based on the duration of l-carnitine treatment: (1) no or short-term l-carnitine treatment; and (2) long-term l-carnitine treatment. Ten age and sex-matched controls were enrolled. Results: On neuropsychological testing, the majority of hemodialysis patients were categorized as having mild cognitive impairment. Seven patients were classified into the no or short-term l-carnitine treatment and long-term l-carnitine treatment groups. Compared to controls, microstructural disorders of white matter were widely detected in no or short-term l-carnitine treatment on diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. An autopsy study from the no or short-term l-carnitine treatment group showed rarefaction of myelinated fibers in white matter. In long-term l-carnitine treatment, microstructural damage on diffusion magnetic resonance imaging was alleviated along with lower levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( P <0.001) and substantial increases of carnitine levels ( P <0.001). The long-term l-carnitine treatment group showed better achievement in Trail Making Test-A ( P =0.017), which was correlated with amelioration of disorders in bilateral anterior thalamic radiations, the left cingulum in the cingulate gyrus, the right superior longitudinal fasciculus, and the forceps major ( P <0.05). Conclusion: Novel diffusion magnetic resonance imaging tractography detected abnormalities of white matter tracts in hemodialysis patients. Long-term treatment with l-carnitine alleviated white matter microstructural damage and cognitive impairment.

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