scholarly journals Repeated influenza vaccination for preventing severe and fatal influenza infection in older adults: a multicentre case–control study

2018 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. E3-E12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itziar Casado ◽  
Ángela Domínguez ◽  
Diana Toledo ◽  
Judith Chamorro ◽  
Jenaro Astray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in People With Asthma: A National Test-Negative Design Case-Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. e94-e104
Author(s):  
Eleftheria Vasileiou ◽  
Aziz Sheikh ◽  
Chris C Butler ◽  
Chris Robertson ◽  
Kimberley Kavanagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Individual Patient Level ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Influenza infection is a trigger of asthma attacks. Influenza vaccination can potentially reduce the incidence of influenza in people with asthma, but uptake remains persistently low, partially reflecting concerns about vaccine effectiveness (VE). Methods We conducted a test-negative designed case-control study to estimate the effectiveness of influenza vaccine in people with asthma in Scotland over 6 seasons (2010/2011 to 2015/2016). We used individual patient–level data from 223 practices, which yielded 1 830 772 patient-years of data that were linked with virological (n = 5910 swabs) data. Results Vaccination was associated with an overall 55.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 45.8–62.7) risk reduction of laboratory-confirmed influenza infections in people with asthma over 6 seasons. There were substantial variations in VE between seasons, influenza strains, and age groups. The highest VE (76.1%; 95% CI, 55.6–87.1) was found in the 2010/2011 season, when the A(H1N1) strain dominated and there was a good antigenic vaccine match. High protection was observed against the A(H1N1) (eg, 2010/2011; 70.7%; 95% CI, 32.5–87.3) and B strains (eg, 2010/2011; 83.2%; 95% CI, 44.3–94.9), but there was lower protection for the A(H3N2) strain (eg, 2014/2015; 26.4%; 95% CI, −12.0 to 51.6). The highest VE against all viral strains was observed in adults aged 18–54 years (57.0%; 95% CI, 42.3–68.0). Conclusions Influenza vaccination gave meaningful protection against laboratory-confirmed influenza in people with asthma across all seasons. Strategies to boost influenza vaccine uptake have the potential to substantially reduce influenza-triggered asthma attacks.

scholarly journals Plasma acylcarnitines and risk of lower-extremity functional impairment in older adults: a nested case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Félix Caballero ◽  
Ellen A. Struijk ◽  
Alberto Lana ◽  
Antonio Buño ◽  
Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractElevated concentrations of acylcarnitines have been associated with higher risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between L-carnitine and acylcarnitine profiles, and 2-year risk of incident lower-extremity functional impairment (LEFI). This case–control study is nested in the Seniors-ENRICA cohort of community-dwelling older adults, which included 43 incident cases of LEFI and 86 age- and sex- matched controls. LEFI was assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery. Plasma L-carnitine and 28 acylcarnitine species were measured. After adjusting for potential confounders, medium-chain acylcarnitines levels were associated with 2-year incidence of LEFI [odds ratio per 1-SD increase: 1.69; 95% confidence interval: 1.08, 2.64; p = 0.02]. Similar results were observed for long-chain acylcarnitines [odds ratio per 1-SD increase: 1.70; 95% confidence interval: 1.03, 2.80; p = 0.04]. Stratified analyses showed a stronger association between medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines and incidence of LEFI among those with body mass index and energy intake below the median value. In conclusion, higher plasma concentrations of medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines were associated with higher risk of LEFI. Given the role of these molecules on mitochondrial transport of fatty acids, our results suggest that bioenergetics dysbalance contributes to LEFI.

scholarly journals Association between anxiety symptoms and atrial fibrillation in a community cohort of Chinese older adults: a case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu-Xia Shen ◽  
Yu-Min Sun ◽  
Hui-Hui Gu ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Zhi-Wen Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background The association between anxiety and atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unclear. Moreover, this association has rarely been studied in Chinese individuals aged 60 years or older. This study investigated the association between anxiety and AF in a community-based case-control study of older adult residents in urban China. Methods The cases and controls were from a community-based study conducted in the Jingansi community in Shanghai, China, between January 2010 and December 2012. A total of 3622 residents aged 60 years or older without severe vision, hearing, or speaking impairments were eligible to participate in the physical examinations and questionnaire survey. AF was assessed based on a previous physician’s diagnosis, electrocardiogram, ambulatory electrocardiogram, or echocardiogram. Anxiety was evaluated using the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (ZSAS). Using the AF group as a reference, the control group consisted of randomly selected age- and sex-matched individuals in a 1:5 ratio (case:control = 1:5). The association between anxiety and AF in the AF group and the multifactor-matched control group was explored using logistic regression. Results In the AF and control groups, after adjusting for a history of coronary heart disease, valvular heart disease, hypertension, stroke, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes, as well as depression score, ZSAS scores (odds ratio 1.07; 95% confidence interval 1.02–1.12; p = 0.003), and anxiety symptoms (odds ratio 3.94; 95% confidence interval 1.06–14.70; p = 0.041) were associated with AF. Conclusions Anxiety symptoms were associated with AF in a Chinese older population. This suggests that older adults who have anxiety symptoms may need psychological intervention or treatment in daily life and care.

scholarly journals Association of Consecutive Influenza Vaccinations and Pneumonia: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1078
Author(s):  
Liang-Tsai Yeh ◽  
Chi-Ho Chan ◽  
Shun-Fa Yang ◽  
Han-Wei Yeh ◽  
Ying-Tung Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Influenza Vaccinations ◽  
Control Study

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether individuals receiving influenza vaccines have a lower risk of pneumonia. A nationwide population-based case-control study was conducted using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. We enrolled 7565 patients each in pneumonia and non-pneumonia groups after diagnosis of patients with chronic pulmonary disease, and these patients were individually age and sex matched in a 1:1 ratio. Using conditional logistic regression analysis, adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were estimated in patients who received influenza vaccination and those who had not previously had pneumonia. Moreover, we also analyzed the interval between vaccination and the onset of pneumonia and the number of vaccinations received by patients. This was compared with patients who never received influenza vaccination. Patients who had received influenza vaccination and had been vaccinated for two consecutive years (aOR = 0.85, confidence interval (CI) = 0.79–0.93 and aOR = 0.75, CI = 0.67–0.85, respectively) showed lower rates of pneumonia occurrence by 15–25%. In conclusion, influenza vaccination significantly reduces the occurrence of pneumonia, especially in individuals who receive vaccination in consecutive years.

Use of medications that antagonize mediators of inflammatory responses may reduce the risk of delirium in older adults: a nested case-control study

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin G. Cole ◽  
Jane McCusker ◽  
Machelle Wilchesky ◽  
Philippe Voyer ◽  
Johanne Monette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Changes in Health-Related Quality of Life Among Older Adults with Prostate Cancer: A Case-Control Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (4) ◽  
pp. e105
Author(s):  
Gopal L. Narang ◽  
Angela B. Smith ◽  
Byron Jaeger ◽  
Laura Pinheiro ◽  
Lloyd J. Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Control Study

Risk factors for falls in Iranian older adults: a case-control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Taheri-Kharameh ◽  
Jalal Poorolajal ◽  
Saeed Bashirian ◽  
Rashid Heydari Moghadam ◽  
Mahmoud Parham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Risk Factors For Falls ◽  
Control Study
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