scholarly journals Nonuse of bicycle helmets and risk of fatal head injury: a proportional mortality, case-control study

2012 ◽  
Vol 184 (17) ◽  
pp. E921-E923 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Persaud ◽  
E. Coleman ◽  
D. Zwolakowski ◽  
B. Lauwers ◽  
D. Cass
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Bicycle Helmets ◽  
Mortality Case ◽  
Proportional Mortality ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Effectiveness of bicycle helmets in preventing head injury in children: case-control study

BMJ ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 308 (6922) ◽  
pp. 173-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Thomas ◽  
C Acton ◽  
J Nixon ◽  
D Battistutta ◽  
W R Pitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Bicycle Helmets ◽  
Control Study

Effect of wearing a helmet on the occurrence of head injuries in motorcycle riders in Benin: a case-control study nested in a cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bella Adodo Hounkpe Dos Santos ◽  
Yolaine Glele Ahanhanzo ◽  
Alphonse Kpozehouen ◽  
Donatien Daddah ◽  
Emmanuel Lagarde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Trauma Victims ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background In Benin, motorcycles are the main means of transport for road users and are involved in more than half of crashes. This study aims to determine the effect of wearing a helmet on reducing head injuries in road crashes in Benin. Methods This case-control study nested in a cohort took place in 2020 and focused on road trauma victims. The sample, consisting of 242 cases (trauma victims with head injuries) for 484 controls (without head injuries), was drawn from a cohort of traffic crash victims recruited from five hospitals across the country from July 2019 to January 2020. Four groups of independent variables were studied: socio-demographic and economic variables, history, ²oural variables including helmet use and road-related and environmental variables. To assess the shape of the association between the independent variables and the dependent variable, a descending step-by-step binary logistic regression model was performed using an explanatory approach.. Results Fewer of the subjects with a head injury were wearing a helmet at the time of the crash 69.8% (95% CI = 63.6 - 75.6) compared to those without a head injury 90.3% (95% CI = 87.3 - 92.8). Adjusting for the other variables, subjects not wearing helmets were at greater risk of head injuries (OR = 3.8, 95% CI (2.5 - 5.7)); the head injury rating was 1.9 (95% CI = 1.2 - 3.3) times higher in subjects who were fatigued during the crash than among those who were not and 2.0 (95% CI = 1.2 - 3.3) times higher than in subjects with no medical history. Conclusion Failure to wear a helmet exposes motorcyclists to the risk of head injuries during crashes. It is important to increase awareness and better target such initiatives at the subjects most at risk.

Long-term outcomes of major trauma without head injury in the West of Scotland: pilot case???control study

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin A. Graham ◽  
Malcolm W.G. Gordon ◽  
Christopher W. Roy ◽  
Philip W. Hanlon
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Major Trauma ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
The West ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Cyclist head and facial injury risk in relation to helmet fit: a case-control study

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
NR Romanow ◽  
BE Hagel ◽  
J Williamson ◽  
BH Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Facial Injury ◽  
Bicycle Helmet ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Control Study

Introduction We examined the effect of bicycle helmet fit and position on head and facial injuries. Methods Cases were helmeted cyclists with a head (n = 297) or facial (n = 289) injury. Controls were helmeted cyclists with other injuries, excluding the neck. Participants were interviewed in seven Alberta emergency departments or by telephone; injury data were collected from charts. Missing values were imputed using chained equations and custom prediction imputation models. Results Compared with excellent helmet fit, those with poor fit had increased odds of head injury (odds ratio [OR] = 3.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–10.74). Compared with a helmet that stayed centred, those whose helmet tilted back (OR = 2.90, 95% CI: 1.54–5.47), shifted (OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.01–3.63) or came off (OR = 6.72, 95% CI: 2.86–15.82) had higher odds of head injury. A helmet that tilted back (OR = 4.81, 95% CI: 2.74–8.46), shifted (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.04–3.19) or came off (OR = 3.31, 95% CI: 1.24–8.85) also increased the odds of facial injury. Conclusion Our findings have implications for consumer and retail education programs.

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