scholarly journals Unprecedented public health effort tackles soaring TB rates in Nunavut

2019 ◽  
Vol 191 (36) ◽  
pp. E1010-E1011
Author(s):  
Carolyn Brown
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Effort

Public Health Effort Unwittingly Spread HCV

Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 285 (5424) ◽  
pp. 27-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Effort

scholarly journals New York Citywide Colon Cancer Control Coalition: A public health effort to increase colon cancer screening and address health disparities

Cancer ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven H. Itzkowitz ◽  
Sidney J. Winawer ◽  
Marian Krauskopf ◽  
Mari Carlesimo ◽  
Felice H. Schnoll-Sussman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New York ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Colon Cancer Screening ◽  
Public Health Effort

InfantSEE®: A Public Health Effort to Provide Comprehensive Vision Assessments to Infants Across the United States

2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 304-305
Author(s):  
Mark Schwartz ◽  
Glen Steele ◽  
Norma Bowyer ◽  
Pamela Lowe ◽  
Walter Morton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Effort

scholarly journals Feasibility of controlling 2019-nCoV outbreaks by isolation of cases and contacts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Hellewell ◽  
Sam Abbott ◽  
Amy Gimma ◽  
Nikos I Bosse ◽  
Christopher I Jarvis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Transmission Characteristics ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Public Health Effort

AbstractBackgroundTo assess the viability of isolation and contact tracing to control onwards transmission from imported cases of 2019-nCoV.MethodsWe developed a stochastic transmission model, parameterised to the 2019-nCoV outbreak. We used the model to quantify the potential effectiveness of contact tracing and isolation of cases at controlling a 2019 nCoV-like pathogen. We considered scenarios that varied in: the number of initial cases; the basic reproduction number R0; the delay from symptom onset to isolation; the probability contacts were traced; the proportion of transmission that occurred before symptom onset, and the proportion of subclinical infections. We assumed isolation prevented all further transmission in the model. Outbreaks were deemed controlled if transmission ended within 12 weeks or before 5000 cases in total. We measured the success of controlling outbreaks using isolation and contact tracing, and quantified the weekly maximum number of cases traced to measure feasibility of public health effort.FindingsWhile simulated outbreaks starting with only 5 initial cases, R0 of 1.5 and little transmission before symptom onset could be controlled even with low contact tracing probability, the prospects of controlling an outbreak dramatically dropped with the number of initial cases, with higher R0, and with more transmission before symptom onset. Across different initial numbers of cases, the majority of scenarios with an R0 of 1.5 were controllable with under 50% of contacts successfully traced. For R0 of 2.5 and 3.5, more than 70% and 90% of contacts respectively had to be traced to control the majority of outbreaks. The delay between symptom onset and isolation played the largest role in determining whether an outbreak was controllable for lower values of R0. For higher values of R0 and a large initial number of cases, contact tracing and isolation was only potentially feasible when less than 1% of transmission occurred before symptom onset.InterpretationWe found that in most scenarios contact tracing and case isolation alone is unlikely to control a new outbreak of 2019-nCov within three months. The probability of control decreases with longer delays from symptom onset to isolation, fewer cases ascertained by contact tracing, and increasing transmission before symptoms. This model can be modified to reflect updated transmission characteristics and more specific definitions of outbreak control to assess the potential success of local response efforts.FundingWellcome Trust, Global Challenges Research Fund, and HDR UK.Research in ContextEvidence before this studyContact tracing and isolation of cases is a commonly used intervention for controlling infectious disease outbreaks. This intervention can be effective, but may require intensive public health effort and cooperation to effectively reach and monitor all contacts. When the pathogen has infectiousness before symptom onset, control of outbreaks using contact tracing and isolation is more challenging.Added value of this studyThis study uses a mathematical model to assess the feasibility of contact tracing and case isolation to control outbreaks of 2019-nCov, a newly emerged pathogen. We used disease transmission characteristics specific to the pathogen and therefore give the best available evidence if contact tracing and isolation can achieve control of outbreaks.Implications of all the available evidenceContact tracing and isolation may not contain outbreaks of 2019-nCoV unless very high levels of contact tracing are achieved. Even in this case, if there is asymptomatic transmission, or a high fraction of transmission before onset of symptoms, this strategy may not achieve control within three months.

scholarly journals Nutrition for homeless populations: shelters and soup kitchens as opportunities for intervention

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1312-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A Koh ◽  
Monica Bharel ◽  
David C Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
Homeless Population ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
Poor Diet ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Public Health Effort

AbstractNutrition is a daily challenge for the homeless population in America. Homeless individuals suffer from a high prevalence of diseases related to poor diet, yet there has been little public health effort to improve nutrition in this population. Shelters and soup kitchens may have an untapped potential to impact food access, choice and quality. We offer ideas for intervention and lessons learned from ten shelters and soup kitchens around Greater Boston, MA, USA. By advancing food quality, education and policies in shelters and soup kitchens, the homeless population can be given an opportunity to restore its nutrition and health.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional cohort study of prevalence of antibodies to COVID-19 in Port-au-Prince, Haiti

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
VINCENT DEGENNARO ◽  
Rebecca Henderson ◽  
Timothy Schwartz ◽  
Marie-Carmelle Elie
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Case ◽  
Funeral Homes ◽  
General Community ◽  
Public Health Effort

Intro: As of January 14, 2021, Haiti has had 10,781 confirmed (first case March 19th) and 45,927 suspected cases of COVID-19, with 240 official deaths. Methods: From May until September, 2020, we tested visitors to 20 clinics, for COVID-19 in five neighborhoods of Port-au-Prince as part of a public health effort to determine prevalence of COVID-19 in the general community. In order to estimate changes in number of deaths, the team visited eighteen funeral homes to solicit data on the number of funerals conducted for each month in 2019 and through October 2020. We also sought to evaluate the attitudes of Port-au-Prince citizens towards a generic COVID-19 vaccine in April 2021. Results: In May and July 2020, 11.4% and 9.1% of those tested were positive for antibodies to COVID-19, respectively. The number of funerals held in the Port-au-Prince area increased by 69.6.% (CI 95% 56.1-83.1) since the official arrival of COVID-19 on March 19th. We found high rates of vaccine hesitancy with 76% saying they would not take a free COVID-19 vaccine. Further research is needed to validate the findings here, but there are strong suggestions that COVID-19 has had more of an impact than previously reported.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI PENGALOKASIAN DANA PAJAK (EARMARKING TAX) DARI PENERIMAAN PAJAK ROKOK TERHADAP UPAYA KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DI PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damayanti Rante Tambing ◽  
David Saerang ◽  
Heince Wokas
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Cigarette Tax ◽  
Tobacco Tax ◽  
Public Health Effort

The cigarette tax is applied in the province of North Sulawesi in 2014. Cigarette tax is a regulate tax that is specific to the health, then the purpose of applying cigarette tax is to protect the public against the dangers of cigarettes. Therefore, cigarette tax in earmarking tax policy is allocated at least 50% for public health service. The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of earmarking tax of Cigarettes tax to public health services in North Sulawesi Province has been in accordance with applicable legislation. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The results of this study can be seen that for the year 2016, earmarking tax policy of tobacco tax has not been applied in accordance with the appropriate. This is because spending on public health efforts has not reached the minimum value of 50% of tax revenues for provinces. Earmarking tax in North Sulawesi province runs with revenue and expenditure budget system (APBD), which is implemented through the regional public treasury account (RKUD) in terms of income and expenditure. Dinas Kesehatan as an agency that budgeted for public health effort would improve public health service standard by maximizing spending for the designation. Agencies related to the cigarette tax budgeting policy would prescribe standard operating procedures so that control over these policies can be done as appropriateKeywords: Earmarking tax policy, cigarette tax

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