scholarly journals Elevated serotonin coordinates mammary metabolism in dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan K. Connelly ◽  
Samantha R. Weaver ◽  
Jordan M. Kuehnl ◽  
Hannah P. Fricke ◽  
Marisa Klister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Mammary Metabolism

scholarly journals Post-ruminal supplies of glucose and casein, but not acetate, stimulate milk protein synthesis in dairy cows through differential effects on mammary metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (7) ◽  
pp. 6218-6232
Author(s):  
M.A.C. Danes ◽  
M.D. Hanigan ◽  
S.I. Arriola Apelo ◽  
J.D.L. Dias ◽  
M.A. Wattiaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Mammary Metabolism

Antimicrobial susceptibility of mastitis pathogens of dairy cows in Switzerland

2014 ◽  
Vol 156 (10) ◽  
pp. 483-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Rüegsegger ◽  
J. Ruf ◽  
A. Tschuor ◽  
Y. Sigrist ◽  
M. Rosskopf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Mastitis Pathogens

Effects of Retinoic Acid and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on IFN-gamma Secretion by Mononuclear Leukocytes from Nulliparous and Postparturient Dairy Cattle

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burim Ametaj ◽  
Brian Nonnecke ◽  
Ronald Horst ◽  
Donald Beitz
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D

Individual and combined effects of several isomers of retinoic acid (RA) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) on interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion by blood mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) from nulliparous and postparturient Holstein cattle were evaluated in vitro. In the first experiment, effects on incubation period (24 to 72 hours) and time of supplementation (0 to 32 hours) with all-trans, 9-cis, 13-cis-, and 9,13-dicis-RAs (0 to 100 nM) on IFN-gamma secretion by pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated (0 and 10 mug/ml) MNL from nulliparous cattle were evaluated. In the second experiment, MNL from postparturient cows (bled at 0, 2, 4, and 16 days postpartum) were stimulated with PWM (0 and 10 mug/ml) in the presence of RA isomers (9-cis- or 9,13-dicis-RA; 0 to 100 nM), 1,25-(OH)2D3 (0 to 100 nM), or with combinations of these metabolites. The results show that individual isomers of RA had no effect on IFN-gamma secretion by PWM-stimulated MNL from nulliparous or postparturient cows. Furthermore 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibited IFN-gamma secretion by MNL from nulliparous and postparturient dairy cows; however, the degree of inhibition was greater when 9-cis- and 9,13-dicis-RA were also present in the cultures. Finally mononuclear leukocytes from postparturient dairy cows produced substantially less IFN-gamma than did MNL from nulliparous cattle. It is concluded that retinoic acids individually did not affect the capacity of leukocytes from dairy cattle to secrete IFN-gamma. This result is in marked contrast to studies in monogastric species indicating that RAs inhibit IFN-gamma secretion by peripheral blood T cells. Inhibition of IFN-gamma secretion by 1,25-(OH)2D3 was potentiated by 9-cis- and 9,13-di-cis-retinoics acids, suggesting that an excess of dietary vitamins A and D may compromise further the naturally immunosuppressed postparturient dairy cow. Additional research is necessary to determine if the combined effects of these metabolites on IFN-gamma secretion represent an increased susceptibility of the dairy cow to infectious diseases during the periparturient period. Lower secretion of IFN-gamma by MNL from postpartutient dairy cows, relative to nulliparous cattle, suggests that recently-calved cows are naturally immunosuppressed.

Influence of the herbal component of a commercial feed additive on serum parameters, fertility and longevity of dairy cows

Planta Medica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Walkenhorst ◽  
S Ivemeyer ◽  
J Spranger ◽  
G Arndt ◽  
R Schaette
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Serum Parameters ◽  
Commercial Feed

Relation between intravascular electrolyte level and course of parturition in dairy cows

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (05) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Seyrek-Intas ◽  
K. Failing ◽  
G. Yilmazbas Mecitoglu ◽  
H. Bostedt ◽  
D. Seyrek-Intas
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Normal Delivery ◽  
P Values ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Electrolyte Homeostasis ◽  
Convalescence Phase

Summary Objective: To determine the intravascular electrolyte status in dairy cows with respect to age and different courses of parturition to clarify etiological factors influencing peri- or intrapartal imbalances of electrolyte homeostasis. Material and methods: A total of 64 cows at birth were evaluated (primiparous n = 34, pluriparous n = 30). Thirty-three cows showed normal delivery, while 31 cows had a complicated birth. Blood samples were collected intra partum (i. p.) and 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24 h post partum (p. p.) as well as [2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10 days p. p. and levels of total calcium (Catotal), ionized calcium (Caion), inorganic phosphate (Pa), Mg, Na, K, Cl were determined. Results: The results revealed that electrolytes show great fluctuation during and immediately p. p. in relation to age. Already during parturition pluriparous cows had a lower Catotal and Pa concentration compared to primiparous animals. Cows with dystocia exhibited a more intensive and longer lasting decrease of Ca compared to cows with normal birth. In relation to age and severity of birth Pa concentration showed a differing but basically typical course for this electrolyte. Mg, Na, K and Cl concentrations were higher during and immediately after birth compared to p. p. values. Until day 10 p. p. these electrolyte concentrations declined more in older cows with dystocia compared to younger animals. However, the influence of dystocia on concentration of these electrolytes was milder in contrast to Ca and Pa. Conclusions: In summary, primarily older cows are predisposed to imbalances of electrolyte homeostasis intra partum and at the beginning of the lactation. These changes are potentiated in case of complications during parturition. Intravascular Catotal, Caion as well as Pa are most severely affected. Clinical relevance: These results may constitute the basis for a comprehensive metaphylaxis during the peripartal period, especially in cows after dystocia, to positively influence the early convalescence phase.

A case study on year round fodder production scheme for smallholder dairy producers in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-102
Author(s):  
NR Sarker ◽  
F Tabassum D Yeasmin ◽  
MA Habib ◽  
MR Amin
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Common Salt ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Fodder Production

This study was undertaken to develop a year round fodder production model for small scale dairy farmers. Five pregnant dairy cows of Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC) genotype were selected. For rearing five cows, 66 decimal of land was selected from existing fodder plots under Pachutia Research Farm at Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Dhaka. The selected land was divided into two parts (33 decimal in each). One part was brought under perennial (Napier-4 and Splendida) and the 2nd part of land for seasonal (Maize & Matikalai) fodder production. Data on live weight and live weight gain of cows, birth weight of calves, feed intake, milk production, actual biomass yield for both perennial and seasonal fodder, yearly manure production were recorded and calculated. Napier-4 grass, splendida, maize, straw, silage were supplied to the experimental cows according to the seasonal availability in different months. Concentrate mixture were also supplied consisting of wheat bran, kheshari (red gram), soybean meal, maize crushed, til oil cake, DCP and common salt. Economics of the model revealed that considering the sale of milk, calves and manure and cost included only feed and land leased, a farm/family rearing 5 indigenous dairy cows with his/her family labours, he/she could earn around BDT 98 thousand in a year (1$ = 85 BDT) and the benefit cost ratio of the model on total variable cost and total cost were 1.86 and 1.66, respectively. Therefore, it may be recommended that a farmer having 5 adult dairy cows with 66 decimal land under fodder cultivation may earn substantial share of his/her family income as small-scale rural dairying. Bang. J. Livs. Res. Vol. 26 (1&2), 2019: P. 89-102

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