scholarly journals Effects of hyperbaric environment on endurance and metabolism are exposure time‐dependent in well‐trained mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichi Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Hyperbaric Environment

scholarly journals Microgravity Inhibits Resting T Cell Immunity in an Exposure Time-Dependent Manner

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiying Luo ◽  
Chongzhen Wang ◽  
Meifu Feng ◽  
Yong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
T Cell Immunity ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cell Immunity

Predictability of the time-dependent toxicities of aminoglycoside antibiotic mixtures to Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (129) ◽  
pp. 107076-107082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Shu-Shen Liu ◽  
Xin-Qi Dong ◽  
Min Chen
Keyword(s):  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Aminoglycoside Antibiotic ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Mixture Ratio

The combined toxicities of all binary mixtures constructed by four aminoglycoside (AG) antibiotics are concentration additive, which has nothing to do with exposure time, mixture ratio, and concentration level.

First-principles X-ray absorption dose calculation for time-dependent mass and optical density

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 833-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viatcheslav Berejnov ◽  
Boris Rubinstein ◽  
Lis G. A. Melo ◽  
Adam P. Hitchcock
Keyword(s):  
Photon Energy ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Dose Calculation ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Effective Time ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
X Ray Absorption

A dose integral of time-dependent X-ray absorption under conditions of variable photon energy and changing sample mass is derived from first principles starting with the Beer–Lambert (BL) absorption model. For a given photon energy the BL dose integralD(e, t) reduces to the product of an effective time integralT(t) and a dose rateR(e). Two approximations of the time-dependent optical density,i.e.exponentialA(t) =c+aexp(−bt) for first-order kinetics and hyperbolicA(t) =c+a/(b+t) for second-order kinetics, were considered for BL dose evaluation. For both models three methods of evaluating the effective time integral are considered: analytical integration, approximation by a function, and calculation of the asymptotic behaviour at large times. Data for poly(methyl methacrylate) and perfluorosulfonic acid polymers measured by scanning transmission soft X-ray microscopy were used to test the BL dose calculation. It was found that a previous method to calculate time-dependent dose underestimates the dose in mass loss situations, depending on the applied exposure time. All these methods here show that the BL dose is proportional to the exposure timeD(e, t) ≃K(e)t.

Enhanced expression of transforming growth factor β1 in rat thyroid hyperplasia is thyrotropin induced and time dependent

1996 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
PP Morosini ◽  
A Taccaliti ◽  
G Arnaldi ◽  
G Simonella ◽  
MD Petrelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Northern Analysis ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Rat Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Hyperplasia

Morosini PP, Taccaliti A, Arnaldi G, Simonella G, Petrelli MD, Mancini V, Montironi R, Scarpelli M. Diamanti L, Mantero F. Enhanced expression of transforming growth factor β1 in rat thyroid hyperplasia is thyrotropin induced and time dependent. Eur J Endocrinol 1996:134:373–8. ISSN 0804–4643 Forty-three 8-week-old male Wistar rats were studied to evaluate temporal changes of transforming growth factor β1 TGF-β1) mRNA levels in thyroid tissue during pharmacologically induced goiter. Four rats were treated with purified bovine thyrotropin (TSH; Ambinon, 2 mU/day sc) for 7 days before being sacrificed. Thirty-one were treated with propylthiouracil (PTU), added to their drinking water at a concentration of 0.2 g%, and subsequently were sacrificed as follows: five after 1 week PTU-1): five after 2 weeks PTU-2): five after 4 weeks PTU-4): five after 8 weeks PTU-8): five after 12 weeks (PTU-12). In six rats, after 12 weeks of treatment, PTU was withdrawn for 2 months and subsequently started again in three rats which were sacrificed after 2 weeks (PTU-R); the remaining three rats were sacrificed without any further treatment (PTU-R control). Eight rats (control rats) were never treated and served as controls. After sacrifice, blood was drawn for determination of total thyroxine and the thyroid was excised and subdivided into two lobes. Northern analysis for TGF-β1 was performed in one lobe, while histological and immunohistochemical studies were performed in the other lobe. Gene expression of TGF-β1 was induced in TSH- and PTU-treated rats. In TSH-treated rats TGF-β1 gene expression was less detectable than in PTU-treated rats, where it became evident after 2 weeks and remained through weeks 4–8. Gene expression of TGF-β1 was also seen in PTU-R rats, but not in the control and in the PTU-R control. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a different presence and location for the TGF-β1 protein, which appears to be dependent on the time of exposure to mitogenic stimulus. In conclusion, TGF-β1 is produced in response to both a direct (TSH by itself) and indirect (TSH induced by PTU-induced hypothyroidism) cellular proliferative stimulus and is not linked to an adaptative phenomenon secondary to hypothyroidism. The immunohistochemical location of TGF-β1 within the thyrocytes is influenced by mitogen exposure time. A TGF-β1 immunohistochemical evaluation may be important to define exposure time and activity of goitrogenic stimuli. Pierpaolo Morosini, Clinica di Endocrinologia, c/o Ospedale Regionale, Via Conca, 60100 Torrette Ancona, Italy

scholarly journals Exposure time-dependent thermal effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure on the whole body of rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin Ohtani ◽  
Akira Ushiyama ◽  
Machiko Maeda ◽  
Kenji Hattori ◽  
Naoki Kunugita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field

The effects of the time-dependent and exposure time to air on Au/epilayer n-Si Schottky diodes

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Çetinkara ◽  
M. Sağlam ◽  
A. Türüt ◽  
N. Yalçın
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Schottky Diodes ◽  
Time Dependent
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