scholarly journals Changes in salivary electrolyte concentrations in mid‐distance trained sled dogs during 12 weeks of incremental conditioning

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Templeman ◽  
Noelle McCarthy ◽  
Michael I. Lindinger ◽  
Anna K. Shoveller
Keyword(s):  
Sled Dogs ◽  
Salivary Electrolyte

scholarly journals 246 Salivary electrolyte turnover in mid-distance trained sled dogs during 12 weeks of incremental conditioning

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 60-60
Author(s):  
James Templeman ◽  
Noelle McCarthy ◽  
Michael Lindinger ◽  
Anna-Kate Shoveller
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Cardiovascular Stress ◽  
Sled Dogs ◽  
Exercise Regimen ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Salivary Electrolyte ◽  
Salivary Electrolytes ◽  
Electrolyte Replacement ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Regular exercise improves the health status of dogs; however, extreme exertion in the absence of adequate fluid and electrolyte replacement may decrease performance due to dehydration and cardiovascular stress. Unlike humans and horses, exercising dogs thermoregulate predominantly through respiratory and salivary losses, yet there is limited literature defining changes due to exercise in canine salivary electrolytes. The objective was to investigate the effects of a stepwise exercise regimen on salivary electrolyte concentrations in sled dogs. A training regimen was implemented whereby exercise intensity and duration increased incrementally over 12 weeks and was only altered due to inclement weather. Using sterile gauze and forceps, saliva samples were collected from 16 client owned Siberian Huskies at week-0 (pre-run, post-5.7km-run), week-6 (pre-run, 5.7km, post-39km-run), week-12 (pre-run, 5.7km, post-39km-run). Samples were analyzed for sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorous using photometric and indirect ion-selective electrode analysis. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS (v.9.4; SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Means were separated using the Tukey adjustment. When compared across weeks, sodium, chloride, potassium, and calcium did not differ at any sampling time point. Throughout the 12 weeks, pre-run and 5.7km phosphorus, and 5.7 and 39km magnesium had increased (P < 0.05). Data were then pooled to evaluate changes due to run distance. Pre-run calcium and phosphorus was higher than at 5.7 and 39km (P < 0.05). Magnesium at 39km was greater than 5.7km, and at 5.7km was greater than pre-run (P < 0.05). Pre-run sodium was lower than at 5.7 and 39km (P < 0.05). Chloride at 5.7km was similar to pre-run and 39km, and at 39km was greater than pre-run (P < 0.05). These data suggest that as dogs become conditioned, they do not employ mechanisms to conserve salivary electrolytes, and that an electrolyte supplement with magnesium, sodium and chloride could be beneficial for sporting dogs.

scholarly journals Sled dogs as a model for PM2.5 exposure from wildfires in Alaska

2021 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 106767
Author(s):  
Jacob J. Witkop ◽  
Theresa Vertigan ◽  
Arleigh Reynolds ◽  
Lawrence Duffy ◽  
Bahareh Barati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sled Dogs ◽  
Pm2.5 Exposure

scholarly journals Efficacy of Omeprazole for the Prevention of Exercise-Induced Gastritis in Racing Alaskan Sled Dogs

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Davis ◽  
M.D. Willard ◽  
S.L. Nelson ◽  
S.M. McCullough ◽  
R.E. Mandsager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sled Dogs ◽  
Exercise Induced

scholarly journals Exercise induced hypercoagulability, increased von Willebrand factor and decreased thyroid hormone concentrations in sled dogs

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne K H Krogh ◽  
Pernille Legind ◽  
Mads Kjelgaard-Hansen ◽  
Louise Bochsen ◽  
Annemarie T Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Von Willebrand Factor ◽  
Sled Dogs ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor

Effect of a single bout of exercise and chronic exercise training on insulin sensitivity in racing sled dogs

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Pratt-Phillips ◽  
R.J. Geor ◽  
M. Buser ◽  
A. Zirkle ◽  
A. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Exercise Challenge ◽  
Sled Dogs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Three Stages

Two experiments were designed to investigate the role of exercise on insulin sensitivity (IS) in Alaskan racing sled dogs. In both experiments, IS was quantified with an isoglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (IHC), whereby IS was defined as the glucose infusion rate (GIR) divided by the mean insulin concentration during the clamp. In Experiment 1, IS was quantified in 12 racing sled dogs during three stages of exercise training: unexercised for 4 months over the summer (deconditioned), and after two and four months of exercise conditioning. At each stage IS was assessed in unexercised dogs (n=6) and 60 h following a standard exercise challenge (n=6) consisting of a 35.4 km run completed in 2.5 h. In Experiment 2, IS was assessed in deconditioned dogs (n=6) and in well-conditioned dogs that had either completed a 708 km race 5-days prior (n=3) or were unraced for the previous month (n=3). In Experiment 1, there were no significant differences (Pã0.05) in GIR or IS between the three levels of conditioning, nor were there any effects of the exercise bout 60 h prior to the IHC. In Experiment 2 there was no significant difference in IS between well-conditioned dogs and untrained dogs (Pã0.05). However, dogs that completed a 708 km race 5-days prior to the IHC had a significantly higher IS than dogs that were deconditioned and those that were conditioned but unraced. These results suggest that the workload of an exercise challenge is a factor in post-exercise changes in IS but that exercise conditioning has little impact on IS in Alaskan sled dogs.

Lipid Metabolite Responses to Diet and Training in Sled Dogs

1994 ◽  
Vol 124 (suppl_12) ◽  
pp. 2754S-2759S ◽  
Author(s):  
Arleigh J. Reynolds ◽  
Laurent Fuhrer ◽  
Harris L. Dunlap ◽  
Mark D. Finke ◽  
Francis A. Kallfelz
Keyword(s):  
Sled Dogs ◽  
And Training

Effect of endurance training on cardiac morphology in Alaskan sled dogs

1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1368-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Stepien ◽  
K. W. Hinchcliff ◽  
P. D. Constable ◽  
J. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Training ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Cardiac Morphology ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
Sled Dogs ◽  
Lv Mass

The cardiac morphology of 77 conscious Alaskan sled dogs before and after 5 mo of endurance training (20 km/day team pulling a sled and musher) was studied using two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography. Subgroups included dogs with at least one season of previous training (“veterans”) and dogs undergoing their first season of training (“rookies”). Training resulted in a significant ( P< 0.05) decrease in resting heart rate (−15%) and significant increases in interventricular septal thickness (systole, 15%; diastole, 13%), left ventricular (LV) internal dimension in diastole (LVIDd, 4%), LV free wall thickness in systole (9%) and diastole (LVWd, 9%), and left atrial diameter (5%) in all dogs, but the increase in LVWd was greater in rookies (16%) than in veterans (7%). Training increased end-diastolic volume index (8%), LV mass index (24%), and heart weight index (24%) and decreased the LVIDd-to-LVWd ratio (−6%) but did not alter cardiac index. We conclude that increased LV mass attributable to LV dilation and hypertrophy is associated with endurance training in Alaskan sled dogs. Disproportionate LV wall thickening accompanying LV dilation suggests that cardiac morphological changes are due to volume and pressure loading. These training-induced changes are similar to those documented in human athletes undergoing combined isometric and isotonic training and differ from studies of dogs trained on treadmills.

scholarly journals Supplemental Fiber Affects Body Temperature and Fecal Metabolites but Not Respiratory Rate or Body Composition in Mid-Distance Training Sled Dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Thornton ◽  
Eve Robinson ◽  
James R. Templeman ◽  
Lindy Bruggink ◽  
Michael Bower ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Soluble Fiber ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Distance Training ◽  
Sled Dogs ◽  
Matter Basis

Dietary fiber affects canine physiology in many ways, such as increasing colonic absorption of water and improving gut health, both of which may positively impact exercise performance. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of increased dietary soluble fiber and incremental training on respiratory rate (RR), internal body temperature (BT), body composition, and fecal metabolites in mid-distance training sled dogs. Fourteen dogs (12 Siberian and 2 Alaskan Huskies) were blocked by age, sex, and body weight (BW) and then randomly allocated into one of two diet groups. Seven dogs were fed a dry extruded control diet (Ctl) with an insoluble:soluble fiber ratio of 4:1 (0.74% soluble fiber on a dry-matter basis), and seven dogs were fed a dry extruded treatment diet (Trt) with an insoluble:soluble fiber ratio of 3:1 (2.12% soluble fiber on a dry-matter basis). Fecal samples were taken once a week. All dogs underwent 9 weeks of incremental exercise conditioning where the running distance was designed to increase each week. Every 3 weeks, external telemetry equipment was used to non-invasively measure and record RR and internal BT at resting, working, and post-exercise recovery states. Body composition was measured on weeks −1 and 9 using quantitative magnetic resonance. Body composition, RR, BT, and fecal metabolites were analyzed using a mixed model with dog as a random effect and week and diet group as fixed effects. Dogs on Trt had lower working and post-exercise BT than Ctl (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, Trt dogs had lower recovery BT at weeks 2 and 5 than Ctl dogs (P &lt; 0.05). Treatment dogs had greater fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations than Ctl (P &lt; 0.05). Diet had no effect on RR or body composition (P &gt; 0.10), but exercise resulted in an overall 7% increase in lean and 3.5% decrease in fat mass (P &lt; 0.05). These data suggest that increasing dietary soluble fiber may positively influence BT and gut health; however, it has no effect on RR or body composition. Soluble fiber did not negatively impact any measures of overall health and performance and should be considered for use in performance dogs.

scholarly journals Energy expenditure and water turnover in hunting dogs in winter conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (S1) ◽  
pp. S158-S161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Øystein Ahlstrøm ◽  
Paula Redman ◽  
John Speakman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Snow Layer ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Hunting Dogs ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Sled Dogs ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
The Mean

Hunting with dogs in winter conditions is practised in the Nordic countries. The present study aimed at determining daily energy expenditure (DEE) and body water turnover (BWT) by the doubly labelled water technique in eight hunting dogs (body-weight (BW) range 14–27 kg) working 3 h/d for 3 d ( − 6°C) on ground covered with 20–40 cm of loose snow, to provide information on energy and water requirements. The mean distance run during the hunting period was recorded by the global positioning system and averaged 19·4 km/d. DEE increased with increasing BW (P < 0·001) and varied between 7·20 and 16·6 MJ/d (mean 11·0 MJ/d) corresponding to 950–1350 kJ/kg BW0·75 per d (mean 1170 kJ/kg BW0·75 per d). The larger dogs tended to run longer than the smaller dogs and therefore spent more energy per kg BW0·75 but not significantly (P>0·05). DEE values determined were close to the values measured for hunting dogs running for 3 h/d in hot climates, suggesting that climate within the range of the two studies has little impact on energy expenditure per h running activity. Compared with the work of sled dogs per km travelled running on a track, the work performed by the hunting dogs was suggested to be higher when running in a loose snow layer. However, DEE was much lower because sled dogs ran for a longer distance each day. Mean BWT was 217 ml/kg BW0·75 or 19 ml/kJ metabolisable energy.

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