scholarly journals Plasma volume variation across the menstrual cycle among healthy women of reproductive age: A prospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sixtus Aguree ◽  
Hilary J. Bethancourt ◽  
Leigh A. Taylor ◽  
Asher Y. Rosinger ◽  
Alison D. Gernand
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Volume Variation

scholarly journals Plasma Volume, Hydration and Nutritional Biomarker Concentrations Across the Menstrual Cycle (P24-052-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sixtus Aguree ◽  
Hilary Bethancourt ◽  
Leigh Taylor ◽  
Asher Yoel Rosinger ◽  
Lacy M Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Concentration Changes

Abstract Objectives To examine changes in plasma volume, hydration, and micronutrient concentrations across the menstrual cycle among healthy women of reproductive age. Methods Healthy women aged 18 to 44 years were studied longitudinally across a single menstrual cycle (n = 35). Women made three visits (v1, v2, and v3) to the study center around cycle days 2, 12 and 21 (adjusted for individual cycle length) representing early follicular, late follicular and midluteal phases, respectively. At each visit, blood samples were collected before and after injection of indocyanine green (ICG). ICG in plasma was measured with a spectrophotometer within 2 hours of blood draw, to estimate plasma volume. Urine specific gravity (USG) was measured with a hand-held refractometer; urine and plasma osmolality were measured using freezing point depression osmometry. Serum ferritin was measured by ELISA; serum concentrations for 5 minerals were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A mixed-effects model was used to examine changes in plasma volume and biomarker concentrations across the menstrual cycle; plasma volume and biomarker associations were tested with Spearman's correlation. Results Participants had a mean (SD) BMI of 21.6 (1.9) kg/m2. Plasma volume showed a non-significant decrease of 122 mL from v1 to v2 (P = 0.165; Table 1) and remained stable from v2 to v3 (P = 0.900). However, plasma osmolality decreased throughout the cycle from v1 to v3 (P < 0.001). Urine osmolality fell slightly from v1 to v2 (P = 0.214) followed by a significant rise from v2 to v3 (P = 0.026) but USG was constant across the cycle. From v1 to v3, serum magnesium concentration declined by 4.5% (P = 0.001); zinc had a similar decline that did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.057). Mean copper, calcium, manganese, ferritin, and hemoglobin concentrations did not change across the cycle (all P > 0.05). Adjusting for markers of inflammation (α1-acid glycoprotein and C-reactive protein) and plasma volume did not affect biomarker concentration changes. Plasma volume was not correlated with nutritional biomarkers at any timepoint (all P > 0.05, Table 2). Conclusions Concentrations of micronutrients were not related to plasma volume. Some hydration and micronutrient biomarkers changed across the menstrual cycle, which could have implications for the timing of measurements in women of reproductive age. Funding Sources The Pennsylvania State University. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Associations between blood cadmium and endocrine features related to PCOS-phenotypes in healthy women of reproductive age: a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keewan Kim ◽  
Anna Z. Pollack ◽  
Carrie J. Nobles ◽  
Lindsey A. Sjaarda ◽  
Jessica R. Zolton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Blood Cadmium ◽  
Endocrine Features

Abstract Background Cadmium is an endocrine disrupting chemical that affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Though evidence suggests its potential role in altering androgen synthesis and metabolic pathways that are characteristic of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), its relation in healthy women of reproductive age is largely unknown. As women with mild sub-clinical features of PCOS who do not meet the diagnostic criteria of PCOS may still experience reduced fecundability, investigating associations between cadmium and PCOS-phenotypes among healthy women may provide unique insight into the reproductive implications for many on the PCOS spectrum. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate associations between cadmium and androgens, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and metabolic markers in women of reproductive age. Methods This was a prospective cohort study of 251 healthy premenopausal women without self-reported PCOS (mean age 27.3 years and BMI 24.1 kg/m2). Cadmium was measured in blood collected at baseline. Reproductive hormones and metabolic markers were measured in fasting serum 8 times per menstrual cycle for 2 cycles. Linear mixed models and Poisson regression with a robust error variance were used to examine associations between cadmium and reproductive hormones and metabolic markers and anovulation, respectively. Results Median (interquartile range) blood cadmium concentrations at baseline were 0.30 (0.19–0.43) µg/L. Higher levels of testosterone (2.2 %, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.4, 4.1), sex hormone-binding globulin (2.9 %, 95 % CI 0.5, 5.5), and AMH (7.7 %, 95 % CI 1.1, 14.9) were observed per 0.1 µg/L increase in cadmium concentrations. An 18 % higher probability of a mild PCOS-phenotype (95 % CI 1.06, 1.31), defined by a menstrual cycle being in the highest quartile of cycle-averaged testosterone and AMH levels, was also found per 0.1 µg/L increase in cadmium levels. No associations were observed for insulin and glucose. These findings were consistent even after analyses were restricted to non-smokers or further adjusted for dietary factors to account for potential sources of exposure. Conclusions Overall, among healthy reproductive-aged women, cadmium was associated with endocrine features central to PCOS, but not with metabolic markers. These suggest its potential role in the hormonal milieu associated with PCOS even at low levels of exposure.

scholarly journals Pregnancy-Related Complications in Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Ticconi ◽  
Adalgisa Pietropolli ◽  
Monia Specchia ◽  
Elena Nicastri ◽  
Carlo Chiaramonte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Placenta Previa ◽  
Intrauterine Fetal Death ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Increased Risk

The aim of this prospective cohort study was to determine whether women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) have an increased risk of pregnancy complications compared to normal pregnant women. A total of 1092 singleton pregnancies were followed, 431 in women with RPL and 661 in normal healthy women. The prevalence of the following complications was observed: threatened miscarriage, miscarriage, cervical insufficiency, chromosomal/genetic abnormalities, fetal anomalies, oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios, fetal growth restriction, intrauterine fetal death, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia, placenta previa, abruptio placentae, pregnancy-related liver disorders, and preterm premature rupture of the membranes. The odds ratio and 95% CI for each pregnancy complication considered were determined by comparing women with RPL and normal healthy women. Women with RPL had an overall rate of pregnancy complications higher than normal women (OR = 4.37; 95% CI: 3.353–5.714; p < 0.0001). Their risk was increased for nearly all the conditions considered. They also had an increased risk of multiple concomitant pregnancy complications (OR = 4.64; 95% CI: 3.10–6.94, p < 0.0001). Considering only women with RPL, women with ≥3 losses had a higher risk of pregnancy complications than women with two losses (OR = 1.269; 95% CI: 1.112–2.386, p < 0.02). No differences were found in the overall risk of pregnancy complications according to the type, explained or unexplained, of RPL. Women with secondary RPL had an increased risk of GDM than women with primary RPL. Pregnancy in women with RPL should be considered at high risk.

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