scholarly journals What is the productive potential of digit grass in response to nitrogen fertilization?

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pryanka Thuyra Nascimento Fontes ◽  
Douglas Baracho Oliveira Santos ◽  
Jailson Lara Fagundes ◽  
Alfredo Acosta Backes ◽  
Bráulio Maia de Lana Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Tiller Density

The digit grass is a highly cultivated species in Northeast Brazil, especially in Sergipe and Alagoas. However, research related to the management of fertilization of this specie is incipient. This experiment was carried out to examine the productive potential of digit grass and its morphological changes in response to nitrogen fertilization. The experimental period was from August 2014 to July 2015. Treatments consisted of five levels of nitrogen fertilization (0, 50, 100, 300 and 600 kg ha-1) arranged in a randomized-block design with four replicates. Urea was used as a source of nitrogen. Height, light interception (LI), leaf area index (LAI), total tiller density (TTD), basal tiller density (BTD) and total (TDM), leaf (LDM) and stem dry matter (SDM) accumulations were influenced (P0.05) by the nitrogen doses, fitting a positive quadratic equation. Nitrogen fertilization did not influence (P0.05) dead material accumulation rate or aerial tiller density. Overall, the increasing nitrogen doses culminated in increased canopy height, LI and LAI as a result of the increase in TTD and BTD, which in turn elevated TDM, LDM and SDM. The herbage yield potential of digit grass can be increased with the application of 478 kg N ha-1, enabling its use as an alternative in intensive animal production systems.

Performance and behaviour of Nellore steers on integrated systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 920 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Domiciano ◽  
M. A. Mombach ◽  
P. Carvalho ◽  
N. M. F. da Silva ◽  
D. H. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Integrated Systems ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Humidity Index

This study aimed to evaluate performance and behaviour of Nellore steers (Bos taurus indicus) in integrated systems. Treatments consisted of three different systems: livestock; crop-livestock; and livestock-forestry, with triple rows of eucalyptus trees. The experiment was carried out in Sinop, MT, Brazil, in a randomised complete block design with four replicates, during two seasons (dry-rainy transition and rainy). The experimental period was from 19 September 2015 to 10 January 2016. Nellore steers used in the experiment had an average initial weight of 344 kg ± 11 kg, in continuous stocking and variable stocking rate. Forage mass accumulation rate was evaluated and, independently of the system, had the highest values recorded during the rainy season. Microclimate was evaluated through temperature and humidity index, black globe temperature and humidity index and radiant heat load. Highest values were obtained from 11:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. at the dry-rainy transition period for all systems. Animal behaviour was assessed every 10 min from 7:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., and averages were calculated for every 2 h. The longest grazing period was recorded from 9:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m., and then after 3:00 p.m., regardless of the system. Rumination occurred more frequently from 1:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m. during the rainy season, and also in the shade for the livestock-forestry system. Highest weight gains per area were recorded during the rainy season and for the crop-livestock system. It is concluded that the highest yields can be achieved with the inclusion of the crop component in livestock production systems, and that Nellore steers in silvopastoral systems prefer to ruminate and stay idle in the shade.

scholarly journals Tiller density and tillering on Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pastures inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1039-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.C. Pedreira ◽  
P.L. Barbosa ◽  
L.E.T. Pereira ◽  
M.A. Mombach ◽  
L.F. Domiciano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Opposite Behavior ◽  
Grass Sward ◽  
Tiller Density

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to verify the population density and the dynamics of tillering in the Marandu palisade grass sward subjected to nitrogen (N) fertilization strategies, characterized by the N supply via urea or bacterial inoculant (Azospirillum brasilense). The treatments comprised of four nitrogen fertilization strategies: (A) Without fertilization, (B) 80 kg N/ha, (C) inoculant (A. brasilense), and (D) 80 kg N/ha + inoculant, distributed in a randomized complete block design, with three replications. The nitrogen supply strategies were evaluated during six periods: October, November, and December (2012) as well as January, March, and April (2013). The nitrogen dose or inoculant had no effect on the tiller appearance rate (TAR), tiller mortality rate (TMR), tiller survival rate (TSR), or tiller population density (TPD). However, these variables were influenced by the season. The TAR and TSR were higher at the beginning of the experimental period (October) and lower towards the end of the period (March-April), whereas, TMR and TPD exhibited the opposite behavior, with lower values in October and higher from January onward. Neither the nitrogen nor the inoculant influenced the population dynamics of the tillers in Marandu palisade grass.

scholarly journals Herbage accumulation dynamics in digit grass subjected to defoliation frequencies

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 731
Author(s):  
Natan Teles Cruz ◽  
Braulio Maia de Lana Sousa ◽  
Jailson Lara Fagundes ◽  
Alfredo Acosta Backes ◽  
José Dantas Gusmão Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Defoliation Frequency

This study was undertaken to examine the herbage accumulation dynamics and structural characteristics of digit grass subjected to different defoliation frequencies in the period of January 2015 to February 2016. Four defoliation frequencies [very high (25 cm), high (35 cm), medium (45 cm), and low (55 cm)] were evaluated in two periods of the year [greater insolation (September to March) and lesser insolation (April to August)]. The experiment was set up as a randomized-block design with four replicates. Overall, the decreasing defoliation frequencies increased the cutting interval; leaf area index; total-herbage, stem, and dead-herbage accumulation rates; and percentages of stems and dead herbage. This reduction in defoliation frequency also resulted in a lower leaf accumulation rate and percentage of leaves. In overall terms, digit grass showed higher total-herbage, leaf, and stem accumulation rates; percentages of stems and dead herbage; stem volume density; and tiller density in the period of greater insolation. In the period of lesser insolation, however, digit grass exhibited a lower dead-herbage accumulation rate and a lower percentage of dead herbage. Less frequent defoliations increase the herbage accumulation rates of digit grass, but result in a less desirable morphological composition.

scholarly journals Leaf area index of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crop under three nitrogen fertilization treatments

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Manuel Villa ◽  
Lina Sarmiento ◽  
Fermín José Rada ◽  
Daniel Machado ◽  
Alice Cristina Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Area Index

Nitrogen fertilization has considerable effects on growth and yield of potato crop. Leaf expansion is one of the most important growth parameters that can be used to optimize nitrogen fertilization management in agroecological practices. We evaluated the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the leaf area index (LAI) of potato crop during different phenological stages by two different methods. Experimental plots were established in a randomized block design with the following treatments: no nitrogen supply (0-N), 133 kg N ha-1 (133-N), and 400 kg N ha-1 (400-N), using the Granola variety, at the Andes region, Merida city, Venezuela. We measured leaf area at the main phenological stages of the crop using a plant canopy analyzer. LAI showed significant differences among treatments and phenological stages, except during the emergence stage. The maximum LAI values were obtained 55 days after emergence: 400-N (1.42±0.16) > 133-N (0.92±0.21) > 0-N (0.34±0.08). Nitrogen fertilization had a significant effect on the development of LAI in potato crop along its different phenological stages.

scholarly journals Herbage production, botanical and plant-part composition of mixed black oat (Avena strigosa Scherb.) annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) pastures under different management strategies

2019 ◽  
pp. 1826-1832
Author(s):  
André Brugnara Soares ◽  
André Luis Finkler da Silveira ◽  
Tangriani Simioni Assmann ◽  
Daniel Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Plant Part ◽  
Canopy Height ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Forage Production

Mixing annual ryegrass and black oat can improve forage production in subtropical and temperate areas with integrated crop-livestock systems. Thus, we evaluated the forage production dynamics of mixed annual ryegrass-black oat pastures under different management strategies based on canopy height and supplement level. Pastures were continuously stocked with Boer goats at two grazing heights (12 or 21 cm); animals received or did not receive energy supplements (0 and 15 g kg-1 of body weight). These treatments were applied using a factorial scheme (2 × 2) and randomized block design with three replications. We evaluated the herbage accumulation rate (kg of DM h-1 day-1) using the exclusion cage technique, herbage mass (HM, kg of DM ha-1) using the double sampling technique, and botanical and plant-part composition (%) of destructive samplings. Supplementation had no effect on the parameters measured (P ≤ 0.05). Annual ryegrass become the predominant species during the experimental period and mainly at the lowest canopy height. Total herbage production during the 131 days of pasture utilization was 10,280 kg of DM ha-1. The herbage accumulation rate was similar between the two canopy heights; however, it varied throughout experimental period. Leaf lamina mass was lower in treatments 12 cm up to 102 after sowing; after that, they were equivalent. At the end of the study, herbage mass was 2720 kg DM ha-1 with the 21-cm treatment and 2170 kg DM ha-1 with the 12-cm treatment. It is recommended to maintain mixed annual ryegrass-black oat pastures at 12 cm in height. Reasons are discussed throughout the text.

Differences among orchardgrass cultivars in response to hay and rotational grazing management

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. A. Papadopoulos ◽  
M. A. Price ◽  
L. F. Laflamme ◽  
N. R. Fulton ◽  
G. M. Hunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
First Year ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Cultivar Development ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Tiller Density

This study was conducted to compare orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivar performance under contrasting management systems (hay vs. rotational grazing) during the first two production years. The trial consisted of eight orchardgrass cultivars broadcast seeded in a randomized complete-block design, with three replications. The perimeter of each replication was fenced, and the area was divided into two sections. The first section was managed as a simulated hay production system. The second section was managed by simulating a rotational grazing system using crossbred ewes. Dry matter (DM) yield was determined before harvesting or grazing. Tiller density (TD) and leaf area index (LAI) were measured on four cultivars prior to harvesting and grazing. Excellent DM yield and persistence were obtained from all cultivars in both years under hay management but varied considerably under grazing management. Cultivar ranking according to DM yield under hay management was different from ranking based on performance under pasture management. One group of four cultivars had a decrease in yield of 19.9% in the second year of grazing, over the first year, but yield of the remaining group increased by 5.7% (SED = 9.83). Production of hay was similar for both groups. Early-maturing cultivars yielded 7% more DM and had higher crop growth rates (CGR), LAI and TD than late-maturing cultivars. Growth characteristics of orchardgrass cultivars as measured by DM yield, CGR, LAI and TD were modified by management practice. As a result, evaluating orchardgrass varieties under a hay management system was not effective in determining their performance under grazing. Key words:Dactylis glomerata, cultivar evaluation, cultivar development, grazing, yield, yield components

scholarly journals Sowing Time of Sweet Corn in Summer Season in Northwestern Paraná, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Antônio A. N. Franco ◽  
Pedro S. Vidigal Filho ◽  
Carlos A. Scapim ◽  
Ricardo S. Okumura ◽  
Alberto Y. Numoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Area Index

The aims of study were to evaluate the effect of sowing time in summer season on agronomic characteristics of sweet corn grown in summer season in Northwest Paraná, Brazil. The experiments were conducted in 2011, and 2012, in both years, the sowing was carried out on ST1: 09/05; ST2: 09/19; ST3: 10/03; ST4: 10/17, and ST5: 10/31. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, consisting of sowing time and two corn hybrids, with four replicates. The evaluated variables were plant height, leaf area index and yield of commercial ears, in which the effects of sowing times were studied through regression analysis, and effects of hybrids and agricultural years were studied by F-test. Sowing times promoted reductions in phenology of hybrids, but did not provide variations in degree-days accumulation by hybrids. The maximum leaf area index (3.82) was estimated for 10/04. In year 2011, the maximum plant height (2.17 m) and yield (13.0 Mg ha-1) were estimated for 10/06, and 10/03, respectively. While, in year 2012, the maximum height (2.22 m) and yield (12.85 Mg ha-1) were obtained on 10/09 and 10/11, respectively. The hybrid RB6324 showed greater yield potential, independent of year.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of potato genotypes in the Brazilian Midwest

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Emiliano Pereira ◽  
Carlos Francisco Ragassi ◽  
Agnaldo Donizete Ferreira de Carvalho ◽  
Giovani Olegário da Silva ◽  
Michelle Sousa Vilela
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curve ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Experimental Block

ABSTRACT The knowledge of the plant growth pattern under specific climatic conditions (growth curve) is the basis for exploiting the maximum yield potential of potato genotypes. This study aimed to establish the growth curve, as well as to evaluate the agronomic characteristics, yield and specific gravity of tubers of three potato cultivars and one elite clone, thus providing basic information on the productive characteristics of these genotypes in the Brazilian Midwest. A randomized experimental block design, with three replications, was used. The dry mass accumulated by the tubers varied from 6.28 (Agata) to 9.75 t ha-1 [F183-08-01 (F183)]; the total mass of tubers from 35.33 (BRSIPR Bel) to 58.60 t ha-1 (F183); the mass of marketable tubers from 23.46 (Asterix) to 48.24 t ha-1 (F183); and the leaf area index from 2.86 (Agata) to 10.60 (F183). F183 showed a good adaptation to the cultivation conditions of the Federal District, being strongly recommended for this region.

scholarly journals Mombaça grass yield as a function of nitrogen fertilization based on the use of the chlorophyll meter

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 4085-4102
Author(s):  
Lorrayne Lays Ferreira Leite ◽  
◽  
Clarice Backes ◽  
Leandro José Grava de Godoy ◽  
Alessandro José Marques Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
N Application ◽  
Chlorophyll Meter ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tiller Density

The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield and agronomic efficiency of mombaça grass achieved with the management of nitrogen fertilization, based on the nitrogen sufficiency index (NSI) calculated using measurements obtained with a chlorophyll meter. The experiment was conducted in the field, in São Luís de Montes Belos - GO, Brazil, from November 2016 to May 2018, as a randomized-block design with six treatments and five replicates. Treatments consisted of six N fertilization management strategies (M), namely, M1 - reference, with 150 kg ha-1 N per application; M2 - recommended, with 50 kg ha-1 N per application; M3 - 50 kg ha-1 N when NSI < 98%; M4 - 50 kg ha-1 N when NSI < 94%; M5 - 50 kg ha-1 N when NSI < 90%; and M6 - control treatment, without N application. The NSI was monitored based on the relative chlorophyll content obtained with the chlorophyll meter. Forage canopy height, tiller density, and yield were evaluated. At the end of the 2nd cycle, the recommended, reference, NSI98%, NSI94%, and NSI90% treatments had received 1,050, 350, 300, 250, and 0 kg N ha-1. Control treatment obtained the lowest dry biomass yield, whereas the recommended, NSI98%, and NSI94% treatments showed the highest. Thus, N doses between 1,950 and 300 kg ha-1, in the second cycle, provided statistically equivalent yields in mombaça grass. Considering the DM of both evaluation cycles, the highest yield was achieved with the NSI98% and NSI94% treatments. The application of N doses of 250 to 1050 kg ha-1 provided similar yields. Therefore, the adoption of a nitrogen sufficiency index below 98% and 94% as a parameter allows a reduction and rational use of nitrogen fertilizer.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilization for wheat growing in dual purpose integrated system of agricultural production

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éderson Luis Henz ◽  
Paulo Sergio Gois Almeida ◽  
João Pedro Velho ◽  
José Laerte Nörnberg ◽  
Leandro Das Dores Ferreira da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Animal Milk

Nowadays, there are numerous arrangements of Integrated Systems of Agricultural Production, due, the particularities of each region and/or rural enterprise. The use of dual-purpose species such as, for example, BRS Tarumã® wheat further intensifies the system, because there is plant-animal production in a short time. Study aimed to evaluate the production and chemical composition of dual purpose wheat pastures managed with different DAN during periods of spikelet terminal (ST) and anthesis (AN), aiming crop production (pasture and grain) and animal (milk and / or meat). The experimental randomized block design with five treatments (0, 75, 150, 225 e 300 Kg de N ha-1, in the form of ammonium nitrate) and four replications. The average biomass values before the first and the second grazing were respectively: 2,164 and 2,127 kg DM per hectare and the waste of about 824 and 1,772 kg of DM per hectare and the daily average accumulation rate between the two grazing DM was 86 kg per hectare at 17 day intervals. The variables, number of spikes per square meter, grain number per square meter, thousand grain weight, hectoliter weight and grain yield did not differ (P&gt;0.05) between treatments. Nitrogen fertilization increases linearly (P=0.0017) the size of the spikes depending on nitrogen rates. For the linear variable layering increased (P=0.0001), indicating the susceptibility of the crop to high levels of nitrogen. The application of nitrogen fertilizer levels in dual purpose grazed wheat before the spikelet terminal stage and anthesis does not influence on grain yield variables. The nitrogen fertilization on wheat double purpose must be fractionated at tillering and after each grazing increasing the remobilization rate of nitrogen by culture.

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