The effects of simulated microgravity on the human nervous system: the proposal of a three-dimensional glia–neuron co-culture cell model

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Simulated Microgravity ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Culture Cell ◽  
Human Nervous System

Confocal laser microscopy of impregnated central nervous system tissue

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 94-95
Author(s):  
J.N. Turner ◽  
M. Siemens ◽  
D. Szarowski ◽  
D.N. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Central Nervous System Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Reflected Light

A classic preparation of central nervous system tissue (CNS) is the Golgi procedure popularized by Cajal. The method is partially specific as only a few cells are impregnated with silver chromate usualy after osmium post fixation. Samples are observable by light (LM) or electron microscopy (EM). However, the impregnation is often so dense that structures are masked in EM, and the osmium background may be undesirable in LM. Gold toning is used for a subtle but high contrast EM preparation, and osmium can be omitted for LM. We are investigating these preparations as part of a study to develop correlative LM and EM (particularly HVEM) methodologies in neurobiology. Confocal light microscopy is particularly useful as the impregnated cells have extensive three-dimensional structure in tissue samples from one to several hundred micrometers thick. Boyde has observed similar preparations in the tandem scanning reflected light microscope (TSRLM).

Application of stereological analysis of cell volume to isolated myocytes in culture with and without adrenergic innervation

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
Jane K. Rosenthal ◽  
Dianne L. Atkins ◽  
William J. Marvin ◽  
Penny A. Krumm
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Myocytes ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Adrenergic Innervation ◽  
Culture Cell ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Primary Culture Cell ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Cell Volumes

To comprehend structural changes in cardiac myocytes accompanying adrenergic innervation, it is essential that a three dimensional analysis be performed. To date, biological studies which utilize stereological methods have been limited to cells in tissue and in organs. Our laboratory has utilized current stereological techniques for measuring absolute volumes of individual myocytes in primary culture. Cell volumes are calculated for two distinct groups of cells at 96 hours in culture: isolated myocytes and myocytes innervated with adrenergic neurons (Figure 1).Cardiac myocytes are cultured from the ventricular apices of newborn rats. Cells are plated directly onto tissue culture dishes with or without preplated explants from the paravertebral thoracolumbar sympathetic chain. On day four cultures are photographed and marked for one-to-one cell location. Following conventional fixation and embeddment in eponate-12, the cells are relocated and mounted for microtomy. The cells are completely sectioned at 120nm in their parallel orientation to the surface of the dish (Figure 2). Serial sections are collected on formvar coated slotted grids and are recorded in sequence.

scholarly journals Aconitine Neurotoxicity According to Administration Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2149
Author(s):  
Ji Yeon Chung ◽  
Seung Jae Lee ◽  
Hyuck Jin Lee ◽  
Jeong Bin Bong ◽  
Chan-Hyuk Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Pain Control ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Administration Method ◽  
Accompanying Symptoms ◽  
Administration Methods ◽  
Human Nervous System

We evaluated the toxic effects of aconitine on the human nervous system and its associated factors, and the general clinical characteristics of patients who visited the emergency room due to aconitine intoxication between 2008 and 2017. We also analyzed the differences related to aconitine processing and administration methods (oral pill, boiled in water, and alcohol-soaked), and the clinical characteristics of consciousness deterioration and neurological symptoms. Of the 41 patients who visited the hospital due to aconitine intoxication, 23 (56.1%) were female, and most were older. Aconitine was mainly used for pain control (28 patients, 68.3%) and taken as oral pills (19 patients, 46%). The patients showed a single symptom or a combination of symptoms; neurological symptoms were the most common (21 patients). All patients who took aconitine after processing with alcohol showed neurological symptoms and a higher prevalence of consciousness deterioration. Neurological symptoms occurred most frequently in patients with aconitine intoxication. Although aconitine intoxication presents with various symptoms, its prognosis may vary with the processing method and prevalence of consciousness deterioration during the early stages. Therefore, the administration method and accompanying symptoms should be comprehensively investigated in patients who have taken aconitine to facilitate prompt and effective treatment and better prognoses.

Three-dimensional sonographic features of fetal central nervous system anomaly

2000 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 635-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOSHIYUKI HATA ◽  
TOSHIHIRO YANAGIHARA ◽  
MINAKO MATSUMOTO ◽  
UIKO HANAOKA ◽  
MARI UETA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Central Nervous System Anomaly

An X-ray diffraction comparison of myelins from the human nervous system

1978 ◽  
Vol 177 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J. Chandross ◽  
Richard S. Bear ◽  
Royce L. Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Human Nervous System

scholarly journals Trial-by-Trial Adaptation of Movements during Mental Practice under Force Field

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nabeel Anwar ◽  
Salman Hameed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Force Field ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Internal Model ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Mental Practice ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
Reaching Movements ◽  
Adaptive Compensation ◽  
Human Nervous System

Human nervous system tries to minimize the effect of any external perturbing force by bringing modifications in the internal model. These modifications affect the subsequent motor commands generated by the nervous system. Adaptive compensation along with the appropriate modifications of internal model helps in reducing human movement errors. In the current study, we studied how motor imagery influences trial-to-trial learning in a robot-based adaptation task. Two groups of subjects performed reaching movements with or without motor imagery in a velocity-dependent force field. The results show that reaching movements performed with motor imagery have relatively a more focused generalization pattern and a higher learning rate in training direction.

Monoclonal antibodies react with neuronal subpopulations in the human nervous system

1988 ◽  
Vol 267 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Hinton ◽  
Victor W. Henderson ◽  
Janet C. Blanks ◽  
Maria Rudnicka ◽  
Carol A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Human Nervous System

LIPOPROTEIN PIGMENTS—THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO AGEING IN THE HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM

Brain ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 489-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. A. MANN ◽  
P. O. YATES
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Human Nervous System

scholarly journals An optimised GAS-pharyngeal cell biofilm model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heema K. N. Vyas ◽  
Jason D. McArthur ◽  
Martina L. Sanderson-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces

AbstractGroup A Streptococcus (GAS) causes 700 million infections and accounts for half a million deaths per year. Biofilm formation has been implicated in both pharyngeal and dermal GAS infections. In vitro, plate-based assays have shown that several GAS M-types form biofilms, and multiple GAS virulence factors have been linked to biofilm formation. Although the contributions of these plate-based studies have been valuable, most have failed to mimic the host environment, with many studies utilising abiotic surfaces. GAS is a human specific pathogen, and colonisation and subsequent biofilm formation is likely facilitated by distinct interactions with host tissue surfaces. As such, a host cell-GAS model has been optimised to support and grow GAS biofilms of a variety of GAS M-types. Improvements and adjustments to the crystal violet biofilm biomass assay have also been tailored to reproducibly detect delicate GAS biofilms. We propose 72 h as an optimal growth period for yielding detectable biofilm biomass. GAS biofilms formed are robust and durable, and can be reproducibly assessed via staining/washing intensive assays such as crystal violet with the aid of methanol fixation prior to staining. Lastly, SEM imaging of GAS biofilms formed by this model revealed GAS cocci chains arranged into three-dimensional aggregated structures with EPS matrix material. Taken together, we outline an efficacious GAS biofilm pharyngeal cell model that can support long-term GAS biofilm formation, with biofilms formed closely resembling those seen in vivo.

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