scholarly journals „W krainę dziecka. Rzecz o uroku dziecięctwa” na materiałach ikonograficznych z II połowy XIX i początku XX wieku – wybrane problemy

2018 ◽  
pp. 317-343
Author(s):  
Monika Nawrot-Borowska
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
Life Education ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Home And School

The present text is the second part of the author’s description of iconographic sources for studying the history of a child and childhood in the second half of 19th and the beginning of 20th century. In the former, the types of sources addressed to children were discussed, in which the researcher will find “pictures from the children’s world”. It showed examples of iconographic materials presenting children in various everyday and festal situations, published in the richly illustrated children’s press, fairy tales, stories, collections of literary pictures, poems, fettered speeches, illustrated primers and visual boards for the science of things. The subject of these findings is the child and childhood shown in iconographic materials in the second half of 19th and the beginning of 20th century. During this period, as a result of the ongoing civilizational, technological and cultural changes, a significant increase in the types and number of publications illustrated with graphics, and later also with photographs can be observed. The press is being developed, including the illustrated, women’s, family, socio-literary, everyday press, both on a general and regional scale. Also, numerous calendars are being published, including their illustrated versions. Daguerreotype is becoming popular while correspondence with the use of postcards is popularized. All these sources will be used as the source basis for the text, for the purpose of characterizing the iconographic materials depicting the children’s world. When analyzing the iconographic material in terms of history and pedagogy, the researcher of the history of childhood can find many interesting aspects. He or she can observe scenes from children’s lives, including family life, education (home and school education), relationships with adults and peers, undertaken pursuits, everyday activities, behaviors, ways of spending time, fun and pastimes. On their basis, the researcher can describe children’s appearance, dress, hairdo, toys, interiors, the surroundings in which they stayed and the equipment they used, which make up the material aspects of the children’s world. The particular types of iconographic sources will be presented below, where the researcher can find the scenes of childhood. In addition to discussing their specificity, the provided examples will illustrate the everyday life present in a given type of iconographic material.  

History of the Press in Equatorial Guinea in the 20th Century: Periodicals Published in Equatorial Guinea 1901–2000

2015 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. vii-xxix
Author(s):  
Carlos González Echegaray
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Equatorial Guinea ◽  
Recent History ◽  
The Press ◽  
Bibliographic Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Parallel Action

No one today doubts that the press is an essential tool to know and understand recent history of countries and nations. And not just from the standpoint of politics and economics but also of everyday life, reflected in these types of publications, sometimes undervalued by historians and others. The evolution of the press in developed countries has been the subject of several studies. A parallel action is needed for the still recently established African states, paying special attention to the post-independence period. For this research an inventory of the titles of those publications is essential, as well as bibliographic data that can be documented.

scholarly journals The Lisbon International Congress of the Press: the dawn of professional journalism

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. e34753
Author(s):  
Adelaide Maria Muralha Vieira Machado
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Social Cleavages ◽  
Global Context ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of The Press

This is a study of cultural history that intends to analyse the importance of the international gatherings for the history of the press and journalism. The congresses and their theoretical work provided an important contribution to the exposure and the deepening of those issues that, in the Lisbon Congress, led to the approval of a directive by which each national association should promote journalism within higher education. Centred in this event demonstrates how, without losing completely the sense of mission, journalism became a regulated profession and the journalist a professional with rights and duties inherent in that condition. In connection, the beginnings of the press as mega-industry and the position of the journalist as an employee in the cultural and political global context, with all the class associations, the alliances and social cleavages that this growth caused along the 20th century were patent in the debate occurred in Lisbon, substantiating it in a particularly decisive period of the evolution of democratic society. As a symptom of growth and adaptation, the debate during the Congress crisscrossed several important positions regarding the evolution of journalism, both as an idea and a concept, and as a profession. In addition tobeing a contribution to the research of the history of the press and its main actors in a little-studied chapter the international relations of the press, the relevance of this study lies in the fact of opening for current debates and reflection helping to understand the failures and achievements of contemporaneity.

Erotiskās prozas fenomens Latvijā un pasaulē

2021 ◽  
pp. 222-232
Author(s):  
Bārbala Simsone
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Original Fiction ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Literary Scholarship ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Erotic

The present paper “The Phenomenon of Erotic Fiction in Latvian and World Literature” is devoted to the fiction genre acquiring immense popularity in Western literature while having attracted only fragmentary attention in Latvian literary scholarship, namely the erotic fiction, which is currently among those genres of literature most widely read among Latvian readers and therefore titled as somewhat phenomenal. The first part of the paper provides insight into the history of the erotic world literature and the most common division of the genre into the three basic categories; this part also provides a short overview of the erotic aspects in the Latvian original fiction during the 20th century. It has been possible to decide that the erotic prose has had only a limited representation in Latvian literature, mainly due to historical and socio-political factors, because the common tendency was to euphemise the said aspects, which were often met with an open reproach of the more Puritan part of the society. Erotic aspects in poetry and prose somewhat flourished during the epoch of Decadence (the first decade of the 20th century) and after that, only during the turn of the 20th/21st centuries when the prohibitions invoked by the Soviet censorship were lifted. Nevertheless, even during these periods, the more free approach resulted in only a few prose works of this kind or else episodes in works of other genres. The conclusive part of the paper is devoted to four novels by currently the most popular author of erotic romance in Latvian literature, Karīna Račko, inviting at the same time the discussion about the reasons for the popularity of these novels which might proceed from their common structural characteristics. It is possible to observe that the novel’s structures are notably similar to the basic plotlines of fairy-tales that the readers recognise on an archetypal level. Consequently, this makes it possible to view these novels as a sort of fairy-tales for modern grown-ups whose attraction is multiplied by the fact that the texts include specific aspects of visualisation that make it possible for the readers to identify closely with the characters.

scholarly journals THE MONEY COUNTERFEITERS IN KYIV REGION IN THE 19th – EARLY 20th CENTURY

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
A. Boiko-Haharin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Treasury Bills ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Significance ◽  
First Time ◽  
Money Circulation

The article deals with the processes of counterfeiting and the attempts to sell the forgery coins and banknotes during the 19th – early 20th centuries in the Kyiv region, which were analyzed basing on files of historical archival funds and materials of the press of that time. The peculiarities of counterfeiters activity in the specified region were determined, the main centers and areas of counterfeiters manufacturing were established, as well as the places and conditions of their sale. Most of the sources cited in this article are published for the first time. There were also periods of increase in counterfeiters activity in Kyiv and in the provinces. In addition to the data over the circulating money counterfeits (coins, assignations and credit notes), we also provide the data on the revealed facts of counterfeiting of treasury bills, tax stamps and money surrogates. The conclusions obtained in the article allow us to imagine the extent of the problem of counterfeiting money in the Kyiv region and to make the topography of the main areas of counterfeiting detection. The research is highly relevant and has high scientific significance not only for the history of money circulation and numismatics, but also for the history of criminalistics and jurisprudence.

scholarly journals Materials for Studying Traditional Karelian Culture in the Collection of the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (the Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Collections and Collectors

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 125-139
Author(s):  
Aleksandr I. Teriukov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Tver Oblast ◽  
The Past ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Different Parts

The Kunstkamera, founded by Peter the Great as a collection of various rarities in St. Petersburg in 1714, over the time acquired rich collections of ethnographic materials from different parts of the world and became the largest depository of artifacts of traditional cultures of the peoples of Russia. This article examines the history of some of the most important collections of ethnographic materials of the Karelians of the Olonets and Tver regions and of the Russians from the territory of the modern Republic of Karelia and Tver oblast. Most of these materials were gathered at the beginning of the 20th century by the professional photographers M. A. Krukovsky and A. A. Belikov, as well as by some littleknown local historians, such as D. T. Yanovich and M. V. Mikhailovskaya. One of the main objectives of this research was to collect biographical data about these people and to study their activities as collectors of the ethnographic materials preserved in the Kunstkamera collections. These collections contain materials pertaining to everyday life and folk art that reflect changes in the mainly rural folk culture of the Karelians and Russians. The collections can be used for studying these cultural changes and for reconstructing some issues of the past.

scholarly journals “Dostoevsky Schools” in the Russian Press

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-241
Author(s):  
Anastasia Proshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Public Attitude ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of

The article analyzes newspaper and magazine materials about schools named after F. M. Dostoevsky (1881‒1917). Most of the publications concern the history of the parish school in Staraya Russa, but the authors found out that at the turn of the 20th century several more attempts were made to open an educational institution in memory of the writer, namely in Kiev and Kazan provinces. The article provides a brief overview of the history of other schools that ever bore the name of F. M. Dostoevsky (Shkid in Petrograd, a gymnasium in Harbin, a school in Dostoevo, school No. 2 in Staraya Russa, school No. 1148 in Moscow). During this period, the press began a broad discussion of the idea of perpetuating the writer’s memory by opening public schools named in his honor; thanks to the initiative of “Novoe Vremya” newspaper, a fundraising campaign was initiated to establish the first school in Staraya Russa. The accents and assessments of the Russian press are of particular value: they are an expression of both the public attitude towards F. M. Dostoevsky, and a means of preserving the nation's memory of him. The press materials allow to track the attitude of people to the heritage of F. M. Dostoevsky and to establish the motives that inspired representatives of various social strata to donate funds for the construction of schools in memory of the writer. The following sources are used as a foundation: chronicles, reports and other texts from the newspapers “Novoe Vremya,” “Moskovskie Vedomosti,” “Kazansky Telegraph,” “Nedelya,” “Volzhsky Vestnik,” “Starorusskaya Pravda,” “Volkhovsky Listok,” “Kazanskie Gubernskie Vedomosti”; articles from the magazines “Istorichesky Vestnik,” “Novgorodskiye eparhialnye Vedomosti,” and others.

Sanitārais stāvoklis Latgalē 1920. gadā latviešu preses skatījumā

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
Henrihs Soms ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
Local Municipalities ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Source Of Information

The aim of this article is to expand the knowledge of the history of Latvia in the 20th century, analyzing the sanitary situation in Latgale in 1920. The source of information – 8 Latvian newspapers from the year 1920. In the beginning of the article, the economic situation of Latgale (collapse of the farming, lack of goods, speculation) during the War of Independence and in the post-war months is de-scribed. Further, the prevalence of typhoid and dysentery epidemics is analyzed, as well as measures tak-en to improve the sanitary condition - events organized by Latgale local municipalities, assistance of Lat-vian Government and ministries in combating diseases in Latgale, as well as foreign (USA, England) as-sistance. The study allowed to conclude that Latvian newspapers are valuable historical sources in the study of the sanitary situation. The press widely and regularly informed about the dangers of the spread of diseases and explained the measures that were taken to improve the health of the population. In com-parison to the contemporary research, in 1920, due to objective reasons, the newspapers did not inform about the sanitary situation in the Latvian and Polish Armies, as well as about the Army's involvement in combating the diseases.

scholarly journals HISTORY OF THE AVAR PRESS 1917-1930: THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 78-88
Author(s):  
Jamaludin Murtazalievich Malamagomedov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Printing Press ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Periodical Press ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
Printed Word ◽  
First Time

Like any social phenomenon, the press also has its own history and develops according to the objective laws of its development. Prior to the advent of the printing press and book printing, books were distributed through the creation of hand-written copies. At a certain stage of the development of society, there was a need for a printed word, and as a result, the first lithographs and printing presses appear. The origin and formation of the periodical press in the languages of the peoples of Dagestan is the result of the socioeconomic and political development of society. At the beginning of the 20th century, the first prerequisites for the appearance of printed materials in the languages of the peoples of Dagestan were born in Dagestan. Despite the new state system, the peoples of Dagestan still gave preference to the Arabic graphics and with the help of this letters continued to write, and it is no coincidence that the first Dagestani newspapers were published on the basis of this alphabet. The new Soviet state made every effort to create the national Dagestani press. If the Arabic periodicals of the period of the revolution and civil war in other languages of the peoples of Dagestan, in particular, in Kumyk and Lak, have been studied in part, then the publications in the Avar language however, have not been practically studied and introduced into scientific circulation. Moreover, most of them are still not identified, and there is no information on the number of such publications, let alone the content of newspaper articles.In this connection, the paper attempts, for the first time, to introduce into the scientific circulation newly discovered Arabic newspapers in the Avar language. The history of the formation and development of the periodical press in Dagestan is considered, and printed publications in the Avar language are studied through the prism of the Dagestan periodicals. The objective of the study is identification, paleographic characteristics and a general overview of the currently obtained Arabic periodicals in the Avar language.  

scholarly journals Słowniki Bartłomieja z Bydgoszczy (1532 i 1544). Stan badań i perspektywy badawcze

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
Lucyna Agnieszka Jankowiak
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Second World

The purpose of this article is to recall the 16th century Latin-Polish dictionaries by Bartholomew of Bydgoszcz. The article describes the figure of the monk, the history of his works as well as their structure and contents. The interest in the lexicons grew in the 70s of the 20th century when a manuscript dated 1532 (considered to be lost after the second world war) was found and a dictionary dated 1544 was unexpectedly discovered. A decision was made then to (jointly) publish both lexicons in the reversed version (Polish-Latin). This project still has not been completed which certainly has had its effect on the researchers’ weakening interest in the dictionaries and a small number of publications. Therefore the article presents possibilities of the analysis of the Polish and Latin lexical material.

scholarly journals “Letters to the Neighbors” by Conservative Publicist M. O. Menshikov as a Source on the History of Russian Everyday Life at the Beginning of 20th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 450-464
Author(s):  
M. N. Nachapkin
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
Literary Source ◽  
The People ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of

“Letters to neighbors” by M. O. Menshikov are analyzed by the author of the article as a historical and literary source. It is reported that in the first volume of “Letters to the Neighbors” the most important contradictions and problems of Russian life were considered, the unresolvedness of which led to revolutions of the beginning of the 20th century. It is noted that the journalism of M. O. Menshikov had a deep social orientation. It is shown that he attached great importance to the problems of poverty, social stratification, illiteracy, drunkenness, backward healthcare, a raw materials economy, and the contradictions of capitalism. It is emphasized that the publicist paid attention to the problem of human loneliness in society in the context of the implementation of new technical inventions (aviation, railways, telephone, etc.), reflected on the idea of increasing alienation between the people and the authorities. The author of the article points to the value and fairness of M. O. Menshikov’s judgments about the importance of considering the press as the most important institution of civil society, as well as the need to form a powerful middle class as the basis of civil society. The biography of M. O. Menshikov is considered, its place in the history of domestic conservatism is characterized.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document