scholarly journals WOJNA W IRAKU W ŚWIETLE DOKTRYNY BUSHA

2018 ◽  
pp. 41-59
Author(s):  
Piotr Kaczmarek
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
National Security ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Bush Doctrine ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Middle East Policy ◽  
Invasion Of Iraq

The article presents changes in American foreign policy after 11th 2001 and is concerned the George W. Bush’s Middle East policy. The goal of the text is presenting how the Bush doctrine leaded to war in Iraq. After the short introduction about US Middle East policy the text explains fundamental parts of doctrine and describes the most important G. W. Bush speeches and National Security Strategies from 2002 and 2006. This part is dedicated on war on terror, axis of evil and preventive war. The next part try to identify actual and the official and publically stated causes the 2003 invasion of Iraq.  The article ends with the analysis the cost of Iraq war.

12. US foreign policy in the Middle East 1

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby Dodge
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Barack Obama ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Woodrow Wilson ◽  
Bush Doctrine ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Invasion Of Iraq

This chapter examines the main dynamics that have transformed U.S. foreign policy towards the Middle East over the last eighty-five years, from Woodrow Wilson to Barack Obama. It first considers the applicability of realist, Marxist, and constructivist theories of international relations before discussing the role that the Cold War, oil, and Israel have played in shaping U.S. foreign policy. It shows how, in each of these three areas, U.S. tactical approach to the Middle East has produced unintended consequences that have increased resentment towards America, destabilized the region, and undermined its long-term strategic goals. The chapter also explores the Bush Doctrine, launched after 9/11 and the resultant invasion of Iraq. It concludes by assessing Obama’s attempts to overcome the tensions and suspicion causes by previous U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East.

scholarly journals American Strategy of "Sufficient Presence" in the Middle East

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 236-251
Author(s):  
I. V. Ryzhov ◽  
M. Yu. Borodina ◽  
T. V. Baranova
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
Threat Assessment ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Nuclear Program ◽  
Syrian Crisis ◽  
The Us ◽  
Middle East Policy ◽  
Trump Administration

Abstract: After D. Trump came to power it started developing a new US Middle East policy, based on the regional threat assessment, such as the unstable political situation in a number of regional countries, radical regimes, terrorism, especially ISIS. In addition, the most important task for the Trump administration was to try to regain lost US influence in the region, which resulted in the so-called "strategy of sufficient presence" and in the support of regional allies, "centers of power" such as Israel.A distinctive feature of D. Trump's policy in the region can be considered a change in rhetoric regarding the Iranian nuclear program up to the introduction of new economic sanctions. Moreover, the American approach to the settlement of the Syrian crisis is connected with the prevention of the growing influence of Iran and Russia in the region.American-Turkish relations also underwent significant changes, which were very tense until 2017. The states managed to find common ground on a number of issues of international politics. However, the situation is still significantly complicated by American support for the Kurds in their quest for autonomy.Trump's ratings at home are falling, and therefore there is a possibility that Trump will lose the upcoming presidential elections to his opponent D. Biden. However, trying to predict the prospects of the US Middle East policy in the event of D. Biden's victory, the authors came to the conclusion that it will not undergo significant changes, except for the nuclear deal with Iran. The key tasks of American foreign policy will remain the fight against terrorism, countering the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and the search for likeminded states in the region.

scholarly journals NO CONQUEST, NO DEFEAT: IRAN’S NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-61
Author(s):  
Bayram Sinkaya ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
National Security ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Military History ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Department Of State ◽  
National Security Strategy ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
Invasion Of Iraq

One of the lasting outcomes of the American invasion of Iraq in 2003 is the rising regional influence of Iran across the Middle East, which has been amplified by the dynamics of the region in the aftermath of the Arab Spring. Since then,there are many academic and journalistic attempts to explain and understand Iran’s policies towards the region. Tabatabai’s No Conquest, No Defeat: Iran’s National Security Strategy is an attempt to explain Iran’s foreign and security policies, particularly towards the Middle East, by putting them into a historical and cultural context. A frequent contributor to the leading US think tanks and recently appointed as a senior advisor position at the US Department of State, Tabatabai considered her study to ‘sit at the intersection’ of Iran’s military history and its politics.

10. Middle East Security: The Politics of Violence after the 2003 Iraq War

2019 ◽  
pp. 226-246
Author(s):  
Marina Calculli
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Military Interventions ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Two Sides

This chapter explores contemporary security in the Middle East by highlighting the nexus between the uses and justification of violence. Focusing on the post 9/11 reordering of the Middle East, it shows how state and non-state actors use the rhetoric of the ‘war on terror’ to depoliticize military interventions against political rivals. More specifically, it argues that such actors mobilize the politics of shame to contain and undermine their rivals. Such efforts are met with attempts to counter-shame and re-politicize the use of violence, producing a cycle of action and counter-action that seeks to legitimize and delegitimize competing visions of security and order in the Middle East. In this context, security and insecurity are two sides of the same coin that fluctuate according to the prevailing balance of power.

12. US foreign policy in the Middle East

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby Dodge
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
World War I ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
Bush Doctrine ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
The Cold War

This chapter examines the main dynamics that have transformed US foreign policy towards the Middle East since World War I from the time of Woodrow Wilson to that of Donald Trump. It first considers the applicability of realist, Marxist, and constructivist theories of international relations before discussing the ways in which the Cold War, oil, and Israel have shaped American foreign policy. In particular, it shows how the United States’ tactical approach to the Middle East has increased resentment towards the Americans, destabilized the region, and undermined the USA’s long-term strategic goals. The chapter also explores the Bush Doctrine, launched after 9/11, the invasion of Iraq, and President Barack Obama’s attempts to deal with the Middle East during and after the Arab Spring. Finally, it asks whether the Trump administration’s policy toward the Middle East represents a radical change or a continuity with previous presidents.

What changes have taken place in US foreign policy towards Islamists?†

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fawaz A. Gerges
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
National Security ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Relationship

American foreign policy does not seem to have undergone radical changes in its position towards Islamists. Instead, Islamists seem to display willingness to make a transition and cater for vital American interests in the Arab world - mainly with regard to the following four points: political economy; relations with Israel; the War on Terror; and issues related to identity, especially in the case of minorities. Islamists appear to have proven malleability towards the US in relation to the economic system and foreign policy. Some Islamist leaders have pointed out that the price of this adaptability is expected to be the respect of the US for Islamic ethos, added to the Islamists' autonomy on domestic, social and cultural issues. In conclusion, the relationship between Islamists and the US seems to be in the course of being shaped, but meanwhile, Islamists seem to adopt a realist stand on American foreign policy and national security whereby they do not seem to have quit the approaches of those regimes that have just gone.

scholarly journals REVIEW: A revelation about human rights and the ‘war on terror’

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-202
Author(s):  
Jon Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
Great War ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Great War

Review of The Great War for Civilisation: The Conquest of the Middle East, by Robert Fisk Since 9/11 and the US-led invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq, British journalist Robert Fisk has built a huge following as a staunch critic of George W. Bush’s ‘war on terror’. But Fisk’s cogent—often controversial—analysis of American foreign policy and Western meddling and mendacity in the Middle East is nothing new: based in Beirut, he has reported for 30 years on conflicts from Algeria to Afghanistan.

scholarly journals Book Review: U.S. Conflicts in the 21st Century: Afghanistan War, Iraq War, and the War on Terror

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Evan Davis
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
Afghanistan War ◽  
Election Cycle ◽  
Reference Collection ◽  
Or History

Professor Tucker has an especially topical theme this time, and the result is impressive. The prolific editor of military-related reference volumes provides an overview of the tumultuous first fifteen years of the century and helpful grounding in where events may go from here. Given that the series arrives at the end of a dramatic election cycle in which national security is a major concern, this is a product every library with a military or history reference collection should consider buying.

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