scholarly journals Institutional Mechanism to Ensure National Security in the Information Space of the United States, the United Kingdom and the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
pp. 265-279
Author(s):  
Sergii Bondarenko ◽  
Tetyana Nagornyak ◽  
Mykola Polovyi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
National Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Information Policy ◽  
Information Space ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Russian Federation

The paper is devoted to an analysis of the institutional mechanisms that ensure national security in the information space of several leading countries – the United States, the United Kingdom and the Russian Federation. It is stated that institutional mechanisms that ensure national security in the information space of the leading countries all have a similar structure. The main components of these mechanisms involve public authorities (state leaders – president or prime minister, government, ministries, and agencies), local government bodies, civil society institutions, the academic community, business community, and the media. The gradual expansion of the system of institutions that ensure national security in the information space and increase in their powers occurs in all these states. The analysis also demonstrates the paradigm shifts in the development and implementation of US and UK information policy in the context of modern nonlinear processes. Paradigmatic shifts are currently being reoriented towards the interests and needs of target audiences, diversification of channels and mechanisms of the distribution of meaning (strategic narratives) in the information space, from vertical to horizontal interaction with internal and external audiences. Emphases are shifting to the involvement of a wide range of institutions and other stakeholders in the implementation of information policy and delegation of powers from the center to the periphery, while preserving the main parameters of the policy established by state structures.

Taxonomy of the genusMyrionora, with a second species from South America

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeněk PALICE ◽  
Christian PRINTZEN ◽  
Toby SPRIBILLE ◽  
Måns SVENSSON ◽  
Tor TØNSBERG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South America ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

AbstractA taxonomic and biogeographic overview of the genusMyrionorais provided. Two species are recognized,M. albidula(Willey) R. C. Harris andM. pseudocyphellariae(Etayo) S. Ekman & Palice comb. nov. The genus is characterized by polysporous asci, the presence of crystals in the hymenium and proper exciple that partly consist of lobaric acid, and a photobiont with large cells (mostly in the range 12–20 µm).Myrionora albidulais currently known from Germany, Norway, Sweden, the Russian Federation (Altayskiy Kray, Chelyabinskaya Oblast', Khabarovskiy Kray and Zabaykal'skiy Kray), and the United States (Alaska, Connecticut, Maine and Massachusetts). It inhabits bark of deciduous trees and shrubs and conifers over a wide range of latitudes.Myrionora pseudocyphellariaeis known from Chile and Ecuador, where it has been encountered on lichens and decaying bark. Based on morphological characteristics, we conclude thatMyrionorabelongs in theRamalinaceae.

Intelligence Communities and International Law

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley S. Deeks
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
National Security ◽  
International Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
The United Kingdom

The lack of certainty about the precise status of various intelligence activities in international law fosters conditions under which states can choose—and have chosen—different paths through the thicket. This chapter compares how certain states’ intelligence communities (ICs) approach their international law obligations. The United Kingdom asserts that its IC’s activities comply with international law. The United States, in contrast, implies that certain IC actions may violate international law, though it avoids specific public statements about such deviations. This chapter identifies and analyzes the problems and benefits posed by the competing approaches and offers lessons about the capacity of international law to constrain core national security activities.

The Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-169
Author(s):  
Matthew Kroenig
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Vladimir Putin ◽  
The U.S

This chapter analyzes the Russian Federation through the lens of its domestic political system. Russia may pose the greatest near-term national security threat to the United States and its allies, but it has a key vulnerability: its domestic political institutions. Its autocratic system is undermining its international effectiveness. Its economy is smaller than Italy’s. It lacks effective alliances. And its military is overly focused on domestic threats and is ill-equipped for the strategic-technological competitions of the 21st century. It is dangerous and it can disrupt the U.S.-led order. But it will not be in a position to be a true peer competitor to the United States any time soon. So long as it continues to be ruled by President Vladimir Putin, or another similar dictator, Russia will not be able to mount a serious challenge to U.S. global leadership.

Models of legal adoption: comparative characteristics of the legislation of the Russian Federation and the United States

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Елена Татаринцева ◽  
Elena Tatarintseva
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Legislative Improvement

Adoption is a complex social and legal institution designed to best meet the interests of children who have lost parental care, in family education. Violation of the principle of subsidiarity of international adoption at the adoption of Russian children by U.S. citizens has led to multiple negative consequences, expressed in the loss of the Russian Federation the national resources of the country. A rethinking of this process was the adoption of the Federal law dated 28.12.2012 № 272-FZ, known as the "Dima Yakovlev Law" banning the adoption of children - Russian citizens - American citizens. In this monograph the author for the first time on the basis of primary sources, carried out comprehensive comparative legal analysis of current legislation of the Russian Federation and the United States of America in the field of adoption. It is concluded that the differences in the legal effects of adoption due to contradictions of the traditional Russian model of legal adoption and similar American functional model and the ways of their legislative improvement. The monograph contains law enforcement materials for the work of bodies of trusteeship and guardianship authorities and courts of the Russian Federation. The author's work is designed not only for specialists but also for a wide range of readers.

scholarly journals NEW THREATS TO RUSSIA’S NATIONAL SECURITY IN THE ARCTIC: PROBLEMS OF COUNTERACTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 226 (6) ◽  
pp. 85-98
Author(s):  
VALERY P. ZHURAVEL ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article reveals real and potential threats to the national security of the Russian Federation in the Arctic region by the NATO. According to the author, these include: the strengthening of the military presence in the Arctic of the Arctic Ocean coastal States and other NATO countries; the increase in the combat capabilities of groups of coalition and national Armed Forces (Navy) of the United States and NATO; the development of naval-based missile defences and early warning systems; the expansion of the United States military satellite constellation to the Arctic; increased activity by the special services of foreign states in conducting intelligence activities in the Arctic and in the frontier territory of the Russian Federation; conduct of multinational military exercises and transfer of combat training areas to the Arctic; the desire of a number of foreign countries to give the Northern Sea Way the status of an international transport highway, and of the Norwegian leadership to change the status of Spitsbergen, to reduce and eventually completely displace the Russian Federation from the archipelago; increasing attempts to discredit the activities of the Russian Federation in the Arctic. The article discusses the measures of the Russian Federation to strengthen the defensive capability in the Arctic direction, paying special attention to the protection of its sovereignty and territorial integrity.

scholarly journals Sanctions and Foreign Direct Investment: Damage to Russia and Sanctioning Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
S. V. Kazantsev
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

The volume and dynamics of foreign investments are formed under the influence of many conditions and circumstances. The author of this article examines the impact of one class of factors that determine the dynamics and geographical structure of Russia’s foreign direct investment inflows outflows. These are anti-Russian sanctions imposed by a group of States in 2014 to isolate the Russian Federation in the field of politics, finance and economy, science and technology, information and culture. For these countries, Russia is not a priority investment target. The share of the Russian Federation varied from two to five per cent, and rarely exceeded 10 per cent of the total volume of these countries foreign direct investment net outflows in 2007–2018. The author presented in this article the positive and negative aspects of foreign direct investment, their dynamics before and after the imposition of sanctions. In particular, the author shows that the reduction in the foreign direct investment net inflows from Russia to the sanctioning countries was less significant for the leading EU States — Germany, France and United Kingdom — than for many other sanctioning countries The cuts in Russia’s foreign direct investment net outflows had almost no impact on the United States who was the main initiator of anti-Russian sanctions.

Russia will find it harder to tackle US-EU coalition

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
National Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Secretary Of State ◽  
Vladimir Putin

Significance Billed by US and UK officials as the largest-ever mass expulsion of Russian diplomatic personnel, this is an unexpected show of common will. The United States alone is expelling 60 Russian diplomats, as Moscow finds itself having to condemn a broad swathe of countries, not just the United Kingdom. Impacts Western governments will beef up defences against possible asymmetric cyberattacks. The appointment of a hawkish US national security advisor and secretary of state may harden Trump's stand on Russia. President Vladimir Putin will return to the 'Russia besieged' narrative of 2014.

scholarly journals The Market Valuation Of Earnings In Germany, The United Kingdom And The United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Myring ◽  
Rebecca Toppe Shortridge ◽  
William Wrege ◽  
Adlai Chester
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Forecast Errors ◽  
Earnings Expectations ◽  
Unexpected Earnings ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Earnings Releases

This paper examines a short-term market reaction to unexpected earnings in the United Kingdom, Germany, and the United States. The results indicate that all three markets react quickly to earnings releases. Further, when changes in analysts forecasts are used as an indication of updated earnings expectations, all three markets respond as well. Thus, it appears that investors in both countries react to the release of unexpected earnings in a similar manner. We also examine the incremental explanatory power of analysts forecast errors over the change in earnings per share. As all three countries have well developed stock markets, investors are likely to formulate earnings expectations based on a wide range of financial and non-financial information, including analysts forecasts. Regression results indicate that in Germany, the UK and the US, both analysts' forecasts and earnings announcements are jointly associated with market returns suggesting that the analysts provide information incremental to that provided in earnings releases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document