scholarly journals United States security cooperation with Kenya in the second decade of the 21st century

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Rafał Jureńczyk
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
East Africa ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Security Cooperation ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
The Us

The subject of the paper is the cooperation of the United States with Kenya in the area of security in the second decade of the 21st century. The introduction contains the methodological assumptions of the paper and a synthetic historical background. The first section of the paper covers the theoretical framework. The second section outlines the increase of the United States’ strategic involvement in Africa, including East Africa, in the 21st century. The third section discusses the joint efforts of the US and Kenya in combating terrorism and piracy. The fourth section is devoted to US training and development assistance for the Kenyan security sector. The considerations are carried out within the framework of the postcolonial current of the theory of international relations. During the research, the method of analyzing text sources was used. The main thesis of the paper assumes that although Africa, including Kenya, was not a particularly important area of strategic interest of the United States, these countries had significant common security interests and undertook cooperation to implement them. First of all, it concerned counteracting international terrorism, but also the general stabilization of East Africa. In the future, the importance of East Africa in American politics might systematically increase, both in the area of economy and security, which will entail further strengthening of cooperation between the US and Kenya.

The World of Uncertainty: Is America Losing Its Leverage Towards a Looming New China–Russia Alliance?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 92-106
Author(s):  
Vitaly KOZYREV
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
21St Century ◽  
World Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Window Of Opportunity ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Alliance Building

The recent deterioration of US–China and US–Russia relations has stumbled the formation of a better world order in the 21st century. Washington’s concerns of the “great power realignment”, as well as its Manichean battle against China’s and Russia’s “illiberal regimes” have resulted in the activated alliance-building efforts between Beijing and Moscow, prompting the Biden administration to consider some wedging strategies. Despite their coordinated preparation to deter the US power, the Chinese and Russian leaderships seek to avert a conflict with Washington by diplomatic means, and the characteristic of their partnership is still leaving a “window of opportunity” for the United States to lever against the establishment of a formal Sino–Russian alliance.

scholarly journals The roles of social media in 21st century populisms: US Presidential campaigns

Teknokultura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
George Julian Hendrix
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Media ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Online Activity ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Us ◽  
Presidential Campaigning ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Social Networking Tools

In the United States, “populist” is a controversial and often misunderstood signifier in common discourse. In addition, the current state of mass media and introduction of social networking tools has created a hyper-partisan spectacle of politics – especially during presidential campaign seasons. Through the review of literature on populism, traditional and social media, and presidential campaigning in the United States, this article constructs a new view on the relationship between these three topics in the 21st century. Important steps in this article’s process include defining populism and its place within campaigning and media; presenting social media as a political tool and a dynamic personalized informer; and analyzing the US presidential elections since 2008.  Resultantly, because the trends of online activity, on the part of both the citizen and the candidate, impact social media users’ self-informing and political engagement, the process of selecting a new US president has become more susceptible to various populist practices in this century than before.  

US counterterrorism in the Sahel: from indirect to direct intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 875-893
Author(s):  
Stephen Tankel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil War ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
Military Intervention ◽  
The United States ◽  
Security Cooperation ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World

Abstract The massive expansion and evolution of United States security cooperation under the auspices of the ‘war on terror’ remains overlooked in the counterterrorism and interventions literature. The Sahel provides a useful region in which to explore the constitutive effects of such cooperation and its evolution because the US has always pursued an ‘economy of force’ mission there. In this article, I focus mainly on the constitutive effects of US indirect military intervention in the Sahel after 9/11, and subsequent more direct military intervention following the outbreak of civil war in Mali. The indirect intervention by the United States to build the capacity of local forces in Mali, where jihadists were based, failed because of the dissonant relationship between the two countries. This led the United States to intervene more directly in the region, including through its cooperation with and support for French and Nigerien forces. The nature of this more direct military intervention was also informed by evolving US experiences working by, with and through partner forces in other parts of the world.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Training and Development in the Auto-Ancillary Industries

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S4) ◽  
pp. 621-624
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Competitive Market ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
American Society ◽  
Made In

The 21st century presents ample evidence that hint towards extraordinary changes that have occurred in the environment which has added a novel impetus to businesses and warrants the need to integrate training and development within the overall strategy of the organization with a view to make sure that the business thrives in the competitive market and at the same time facilitates growth. This facet implies that there is a need for employees to be regularly trained with a view to enhance their skills considering the fact that changes are occurring throughout the workforce each and every day (Pearce, 2000). Akin to any other organization, organizations from the auto-ancillary sector too has a vision and a decree of where they ultimately intend to be. Simply said, auto-ancillary industries need to continuously evaluated their existing position and understand the kind of changes that are required to help them reach where they expect to eventually reach. The American Society for Training and Development (ASTD) indicated that organizations within the United States have been known to spend around $156 billion per year on an average to facilitate the training and development of their employees (Miller, 2017). While the significance of training and development is well known, there are certain factors that influence training and development within an organization. Thus, factors that influence training and development within the auto-ancillary industries would be the focus of this paper. An attempt is made in this paper to discuss about the factors influencing the training and development especially related with Human Resources.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on the School Physical Education Reform between China and the United States

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
Xiao Ying TAN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Education Reform ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great Change ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
The Us ◽  
Education In China

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.The school physical education is the need for developing a generalist, and is an important factor for cultivating the persons with ability. It connects with the future of a state. Into the 21st century, the society of China is going though a great change. So the school physical education in China is facing a good opportunity, as the same time, is facing a big challenge. For finding the existent problems of the school physical education in China, this article compared the school physical education in China with that in the US. Then there are some developing trends and reforming measures to be brought forward that make the school physical education to fit the need of Chinese modem development well.學校體育是人的全面發展的需要，是人才培養的重要環節。學校體育的正確實施能夠滿足現代社會對人才的要求，關係到一個國家的未來。進入21世紀以來，我國社會發生了前所未有的巨大變化，學校體育在面臨新的機遇的同時，同樣面臨著挑戰。本文通過與美國學校體育現狀的比較研究，找出現行我國學校體育存在的問題：並試圖提出學校體育的未來發展趨勢和改革的具體措施，使其更好地適應我國現代化發展的需要。

scholarly journals Hotfoot for the Iron Horse

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (06) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Henry Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
21St Century ◽  
High Speed ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Rail System ◽  
The Us ◽  
Rail Service

Attempts are under way to bring US rail service into the 21st century. A range of initiatives that may spark further advances in the US rail system are under way in the United States and abroad. Amtrak’s new Acela Express is scheduled to go into service this summer in the Northeast Corridor. It is expected to achieve a speed of 150 mph. Freshly arrived at Philadelphia’s Penn Coach Yards, the Acela Express power car is unwrapped and inspected. The covering of the nose has been pushed up, revealing the engine underneath. Amtrak, which hopes its new high-speed service will finally nudge it into the black, has ambitious plans to start high-speed services in other areas of the country. The US Department of Transportation has designated several corridors where economic factors and local political support seem to indicate a chance of success.

Adaptation under Fire

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Barno ◽  
Nora Bensahel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Military Organizations ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
The Us ◽  
Precise Shape ◽  
The Face ◽  
Do So

Adaptation under Fire looks at the essential importance of military adaptation in winning wars. Every military must prepare for future wars despite inevitably having little confidence about the precise shape that those wars will take. As former US secretary of defense Robert Gates once noted, the United States has a perfect record in predicting the next war: “We have never once gotten it right.” Despite this uncertainty, military organizations still must make choices. They must determine the nature of doctrine they will need to fight effectively, the type of weaponry and equipment they must procure to defeat their potential foe, and the kind of leaders they must select and develop to guide the force to victory. Since the US military has global security responsibilities, it will have to make these choices without knowing when, where, or how the next war will unfold, or even who the enemy may be. It will need to adapt quickly and successfully in the face of the unexpected in order to prevail. The book starts by providing a framework for understanding adaptation and includes several historical examples of success and failure. The second part examines US military adaptation during the recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and explains why certain forms of adaptation have proven so problematic. The final part argues that the US military must become more adaptable in order to successfully address the fast-changing security challenges of the 21st century, and concludes with some recommendations on how it should do so.

scholarly journals Zmiany klimatu jako zagrożenie dla bezpieczeństwa narodowego w świetle dokumentów administracji amerykańskiej XXI wieku

Politeja ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3(60)) ◽  
pp. 289-302
Author(s):  
Maciej Hacaga
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
National Security ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Main Part ◽  
The United States ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
The Us

Climate Change as National Security Threat in the 21st Century as Seen from the US Strategic Documents Perspective The issue of climate change has started to be implemented in official strategic documents of the United States (US) in the first decade of the 21st century. This paper describes briefly the hierarchy of the US national security documents and climate change-related definitions. In the main part it makes an analysis of how climate change-related issues were introduced into the US national security strategic documents by the three 21st century American presidents. The paper comes to a conclusion, that climate change is treated as a national security threat and therefore reflected in a number of the US strategic documents.

Thinking Globally: Reassessing the Fields of Law, Politics and Economics in the US Academy

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve Darian-Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Science ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Law Schools ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The Us ◽  
Analytical Frameworks

AbstractIn the United States, students of law, politics and economics are primarily trained to think in terms of state-centric analytical frameworks. This essay argues that this training is anachronistic and does not adequately prepare students for the complex geopolitics of the 21st century. Of course, not all scholarship in these disciplines can be characterized in this way since each discipline has its own internal disputes and scholarly innovations. That being said, a mainstream state-centric approach dominates the literature and the curriculum in most law, politics and economics departments. The first part of the essay describes the rise of law schools and the establishing of political science and economics disciplines in the late 19th century. It explores the implications of these disciplines’ claim to do “scientific” research. It argues that this claim continues to bind the disciplines to a state-centric framework which in turn provides obstacles to developing new theories and methods.

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