scholarly journals Ewolucja amerykańskiego modelu rynku pracy

2018 ◽  
pp. 95-112
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Hajder
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Reagan Administration ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Labor Market Policy ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Market Policy ◽  
Classical Economics ◽  
The Us

The model of labor market policy is closely related to the form and structure of the socio-economic model operating in a given country at a given time. It has undergone numer- ous transformations in the course of the development of capitalism. Its doctrine mainly origi- nated from the trends of classical, and then neo-classical economics. In the 20th century, the US market economy was frequently influenced by interventionist concepts, though. Owing to the New Deal and Keynesian policy, the US model of a labor mar- ket has become more redistributive, less flexible and subject to various forms of state influ- ence. Interventionist policies implemented during World War II and over the following twenty years led to ‘full employment’ accompanied by the curbing of income disparities in so- ciety. The worsened situation of the labor market during the period of stagflation of the 1970s re- sulted in the victory of a fiscal neo-conservatist concept, represented by the Republicans with Ronald Reagan. The years of the Reagan administration marked the restoration of liberal solutions in labor market policy. Reaganomics limited workers’ rights, improving the situation of employers and significantly reducing labor costs. These changes stabilized the situation in terms of the balance between the supply and demand for labor, simultaneously strongly increasing the in- come polarization of US society and negatively affecting employment standards.

scholarly journals Labor Market Policy in Polish Regions on the Basis of the Wielkopolska and Warmia and Mazury Regions (in the Years 2011–2016)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Wacław Jarmołowicz ◽  
Magdalena Knapińska
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Price Level ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Labor Market Policy ◽  
Market Policy ◽  
Economic Relationships ◽  
Economic Stabilization

While implementing economic policy, the State concentrates on four main goals related to economic stabilization referring to economic growth: a stable price level, a balance in the economic relationships with other states and the implementation of a full employment policy. Employment policy and labor market policy are crucial aspects of these actions. In the current study, attention has been paid to the very differentiation between the notions of employment policy and labor market policy, special emphasis has been placed on the latter as it directly influences the level and structure of unemployment in the national and regional economy. Another important part of the study presents particular aspects of the policy implementation against the phenomenon of unemployment in the studied regions in the period 2011–2016. The wielkopolskie voivodship and the warmińsko-mazurskie voivodship have been chosen as the study subjects. These regions significantly differ regarding their level of unemployment, but also in terms of their labor market policy implementation.

scholarly journals Optimal Labor-Market Policy in Recessions

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Jung ◽  
Keith Kuester
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Unemployment Benefits ◽  
Labor Market Policy ◽  
Market Policy ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Optimal Mix ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
Analytical Expressions

Within a search and matching model with risk-averse workers, endogenous hiring and separation, and unobservable search effort, we show how to decentralize the constrained-efficient allocation by a combination of a production tax and three labor-market policy instruments: vacancy subsidies, layoff taxes, and unemployment benefits. We derive analytical expressions for the optimal mix of these over the business cycle. Calibrating the model to the US economy under the assumption that wages are rigid, we find that hiring subsidies and layoff taxes should rise considerably and persistently in recessions. The optimal variation in unemployment benefits, in contrast, is quantitatively small and short-lived. (JEL E24, E32, J24, J63, J64, J65)

De arbeidsmarkt van de Nederlandse gezondheidszorg als ‘patiënt’: een diagnose en enkele behandeladviezen

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Batenburg ◽  
Margo Brouns
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Training System ◽  
Health Care Market ◽  
Labor Market Policy ◽  
Market Policy ◽  
Patient Diagnosis ◽  
Dutch Health

The labor market of the Dutch health sector as patient: diagnosis and some advices for treatment The labor market of the Dutch health sector as patient: diagnosis and some advices for treatment In this article we discuss the labor market and job structure of the health care in the Netherlands. The health care market is under cost and capacity pressure which calls for a fundamental change of the job and training system. A meta-analysis based on two leading trend reports shows that there is a watershed between the labor market for physicians and non-physicians. The labor market for doctors is centrally planned, while for the much larger group of nurses the labor market is not governed. Another observation is that bottlenecks are mainly approached by increasing the capacity, less by innovations in the educational and occupational structure. Following this analysis, this article advocates for a comprehensive labor market policy that takes into account different segments of care, that require different skills mixes and competence bundles. We also argue that segmentation on the regional level is required to achieve a demand-based health labor market policy.

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