scholarly journals Kierunki racjonalizacji struktury rolnictwa polskiego w świetle rozwiązań stosowanych w Europie Zachodniej

2018 ◽  
pp. 89-104
Author(s):  
Jerzy BABIAK
Keyword(s):  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Family Farm ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Spontaneous Transformation ◽  
Community Law ◽  
The Family ◽  
Principal Task ◽  
Agrarian Structure

Agriculture is a peculiar sector of the economy that requires support from the state. Its spontaneous transformation is not effective enough, therefore a number of mechanisms are applied to stimulate advantageous structural transformation both at EU and national levels. The agricultural system of West European states is based on the family farm. Although Community law does not define a family farm, different systems provide various measures applied in order to protect family farms, e.g. by means of controlling agricultural land trade. The paper presents the legal and institutional solutions applied in this respect in France, Germany and Denmark. These states have not been randomly selected, as they are the main competitors for Polish agriculture in the Community market, and they have succeeded in establishing an agrarian structure. Against the background of their experience, Polish legal solutions are presented and assessed. The responsibilities of the Agricultural Property Agency are presented in detail; its principal task apart from the management of State Treasury property is to shape agrarian structure.

THE PRIVILEGED STATUS OF FAMILY FARMS AS A SPECIAL FAMILY FORM IN CONDUCTING AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY IN POLAND. ISSUES SELECTED IN THE FIELD OF ACQUIRING AGRICULTURAL LAND RIGHTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-170
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Czerwińska-Koral
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Family Farm ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Privileged Status ◽  
The Republic

According to art. 23 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, family farms form the basis of the agricultural system of the Republic of Poland. Family farms is a special type of farm run by an individual farmer. The legislator, realizing the assumptions of agricultural policy, concretes the constitutional norm by means of formal institutions, that is, regulations and legal regulations that prefer a family farm as a form of conducting agricultural activity. Thus, conducting business in this special form and - as a result - managing it is easier compared to other forms of activity. Particular facilities relate to the acquisition of agricultural land rights (possession of agricultural land). The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the preferences of the legislator in relation to family farms and individual farmers who run them.

scholarly journals Equipment and engagement of mechanization on the family agricultural farm

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
Ranko Koprivica ◽  
Biljana Veljković ◽  
Marija Gavrilović ◽  
Aleksandar Šiljić ◽  
Vera Rašković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Family Farm ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
The Family ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
The Village ◽  
Energy Equipment ◽  
Technical Measures ◽  
Agricultural Farm

The equipment and engagement of tractor and attached machines were examined on the example of the average family farm Šiljić in Serbia. The research was performed on a registered agricultural farm in the village of Selevac, municipality of Smederevska Palanka. The family farm Šiljić has a total of 5,4 ha of used agricultural land. In production season 2019/2020 wheat was sown on 2 ha and 1 ha of maize, sunflower and triticale each. On the area of 0,4 ha is a backyard and garden. The farm owns a tractor IMT-558, a plough, a disc harrow, a harrow, a sprayer and a trailer, purchased in 1979. The old machinery is in use. The registered family farm Šiljić is insufficiently equipped with mechanization. With a two-axle tractor with a power of 42.65 kW and 5 attached machines cultivates 5.4 ha, so the energy equipment is 8.5 kW/ha. The tractor is mostly engaged in the production of corn 10,0 h/ha, sunflower 9,5 h/ha, triticale 8,33 h/ha and the least is wheat 7,41 h/ha of effective work. On the farm Šiljić, on the area of 5 ha, out of a total of 42,66 hours of work, the tractor was mostly used in the basic tillage 17,0 h or 3,1 h/ha. The tractor is also engaged in pre-sowing soil preparation with a disc harrow 9 h (1,8 h/ha) and a harrow 7 hours (1,4 h/ha), in a transport 5,33 h (1,07 h/ha), in the application of pesticides with a sprayer 4,33 h (0,87 h/ha). In addition to the total effective work in the implementation of certain agro-technical measures in the production of field crops, the tractor was hired at 7,30 hours to leave and return from the plot (auxiliary working hours). Fuel consumption in basic tillage was 18 l/ha, in presowing preparation with a disc harrow 10 l/ha, harrow 5 l/ha and 5 l/ha in the application of pesticides and transport of products.

scholarly journals New rural economy: Challenges and diversity in Eastern Croatia

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Tihana Sudarić ◽  
Krunoslav Zmaić ◽  
Ružica Lončarić
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Family Farm ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Family ◽  
Traditional Activity

Eastern part of Croatia is agricultural region according to natural resource (fertile soil, first of all), as well as human potential (long experience in traditional agriculture). Besides agriculture as traditional activity, a characteristic of rurality is also added to this region. Rural area is dominant in Eastern Croatia and it effects on relatively small urban areas. This paper represents new possibilities of rural economic activities on family farms in Eastern Croatia. Role and significant of rural economic activities is analyzed through indicators overview (land structure, GDP, population, population density, TEA index, unemployment ect.). Challenges through diversification of rural economic activities in this paper includes added economic activities realized on family farms through tourism, crafts, handy work, processing, renewable energyetc. Added economic activities on family farms in Eastern Croatia participate with only 3.9%. Suggestions and possibilities measures of rural economic activities diversification are reflected through two main streams. First stream is diversification of activities through added value of agricultural products as vertical connection (organic food, autochthony products, functional food, renewable energy sources etc.). Other one economic activity diversification indicates distribution function of final products through different services on the family farm (direct sale, specialized shops, rural tourism and many other services).

The land is what matters: factors driving family farms to organic production in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 1354-1367
Author(s):  
Pawel Chmielinski ◽  
Aleksandra Pawlowska ◽  
Monika Bocian ◽  
Dariusz Osuch
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Family Farm ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Direct Payments

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse tendency of farms to switch from conventional to organic production.Design/methodology/approachThe study used data on 6,229 individual farms, which in 2009–2016 continued to participate in the Polish FADN. Estimation of logit models allowed the authors to indicate, separately for each period in the years between 2009 and 2015, a set of characteristics influencing the decision of farms on the use of organic production.FindingsThe authors demonstrate that, first of all, land factors were of major importance when deciding on conversion to organic farming, with only the own land inputs (owned by the farm) having a positive impact on the transition of farms to organic production. But then the resource of the capital factor, identified with the assets owned by the farm, exercised a significant negative impact. Income derived from the family farm, although had a positive impact, did not significantly determine the farm’s decision on conversion to organic production. While support for agri-environmental purposes had a positive impact on the decision of farm to convert, the payments received under the direct payments affected this decision negatively. The tendency to start organic production is also conditioned regionally.Research limitations/implicationsThe data of this study are limited in size, and limited to the Polish context.Originality/valueThe research setting for this paper is original; the study takes part in the discussion about factors of conversion to organic farming, on example of Poland and is a voice in the discussion on effective support for the development of organic farming in the context of sustainable development.

Socioemotional wealth in the family farm

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan B Dressler ◽  
Loren Tauer
Keyword(s):  
Family Member ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Family Farm ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Socioemotional Wealth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Family

Purpose – A family member may work for the family business even though the direct financial benefits he or she may receive in the form of a salary may be lower than what could be earned working for a non-family business. The lower amount may be accepted because of benefits of association with the family business. This psychic non-pecuniary return has been called socioemotional wealth in the family business research literature. The purpose of this paper is to propose a method to estimate socioemotional wealth and apply that technique to a group of family dairy farms to estimate socioemotional wealth for those family farms. Design/methodology/approach – A panel regression method was used to empirically allocate net farm income to the unpaid factors of equity, labor, and management provided by a family member in a family farm partnership. The estimated returns of labor plus management are compared to the market salary earned by farm managers who manage farms. The difference between the higher hired farm manager salary and what the family manager earns in the family farm from labor and management is an estimate of the non-pecuniary return the family member receives from managing the family farm as compared to managing the non-family farm. Findings – Differences in managers’ salary working for the non-family farm and the implied family manager financial compensation estimates indicate that family business managers’ non-pecuniary return from managing the family farm had an implied economic value averaging $22,026 per year over 1999-2008. Assuming that the manager would be indifferent between working for the family farm or the non-family farm if the sum of pecuniary and non-pecuniary returns were the same, the non-pecuniary annual benefits of $22,026 accrues in the form of socioemotional wealth associated as a member in the family business. Originality/value – Although the literature discusses how family members may accept a lower salary working for the family business than they could earn doing comparable work in a non-family business because of non-financial rewards they experience working for the family business, there have been no estimates of the value of this pecuniary benefit. The authors arrive at an estimate using a group of family dairy farm businesses that have multiple family managers.

scholarly journals No hard feelings? Non-succeeding siblings and their perceptions of justice in family firms

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilse Matser ◽  
Jelle Bouma ◽  
Erik Veldhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Sibling Relationships ◽  
Family Farm ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business System ◽  
The Family ◽  
Succession Process ◽  
The Impact

PurposeFamily farms, in which business and family life are intricately interwoven, offer an interesting context for better understanding the interdependence between the family and business system. Many family farms struggle to survive, and the succession process is a key period in which the low returns on investment become evident but also the emotional attachment of the family to the farm and the willingness to transfer the business to the next generation. We take the perspective of non-succeeding siblings since they are crucial for a successful succession but their role and position in this process is far from clear. This study will help to increase our knowledge of how fairness is perceived by non-successors and of the impact of perceived (in)justice on the family business system.Design/methodology/approachTo analyze the effect on sibling relationships of an unequal outcome of the succession process, we choose the family farm context. We used interview data from multiple family members from several family farms in the Netherlands in different stages of succession. We utilized a framework based on justice theory to analyze perceptions of fairness among non-succeeding siblings. The central research question for this study is as follows: How do non-succeeding siblings perceive justice with regard to family firm succession?FindingsThe acceptance of the outcomes of the succession process by non-succeeding siblings is influenced by their perception of the fairness of the process itself and decisions made by the incumbent and successor with regard to these outcomes. It seems that stakeholders who occupy multiple roles with conflicting justice perspectives handle these contradictions with the help of an overarching goal—in this study, preserving the continuity of the family farm—and by prioritizing and adjusting the justice perspectives accordingly. The findings further show that both distributive justice and procedural justice are important and interact with each other.Originality/valueOur study contributes to the literature by applying the theoretical framework of distributive and procedural justice to the context of family farm succession. This helps us to understand the position of non-succeeding siblings and their role and position in the succession process, which is important because sibling relationships have a significant impact on family harmony, with potential consequences for the business as well.

scholarly journals Sustainable economic development assessment model for family farms

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 527-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jūratė SAVICKIENĖ ◽  
Astrida MICEIKIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Family Farm ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Sustainable Economic Development ◽  
The Family ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Development Assessment

This article is aimed to address the issue of sustainable economic development assessment in family farms. A complex methodology of family farm sustainable economic development assessment based on the family farm sustainable economic development index has been created following analysis of family farm sustainable economic development assessment methodologies, which are proposed by scientists and used in practice. The Kruskal-Wallis test and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to check the relevance of the index in family farm sustainable economic development assessment. The index value range was calculated using descriptive statistics. The characteristics of the index allow creating models for family farm sustainable economic development classification types based on k-means clustering. The family farms were classified into nine types. Examples of Lithuanian family farms were provided to demonstrate practical applications of the index. Furthermore, analysis of Lithuanian family farm sustainable economic development types by specialisation enabled to identify the main reasons for the existing situation in the farms.

Factors That Influence the Next Generation's Decision to Take Over the Family Farm

1995 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colette Dumas ◽  
Jean Pierre Dupuis ◽  
Francine Richer ◽  
Louise St.-Cyr
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Family Farm ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
The Family ◽  
Generation Family ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Factors Of Influence

The survival of family farms is threatened by rapid change, intense international competition, and a resulting reduction of interest in perpetuating the family farm. What influences the next generation to pursue family farming, in spite of the difficulties? Do these factors differ between men and women? An in-depth, descriptive, and exploratory study of thirty next generation family farm members indicates specific factors critical to their decision to pursue the family farm succession. The findings are depicted in a framework that portrays these factors of influence and the effect they have on the succession decision of the next generation. Implications for practice and future research are also presented.

scholarly journals Ochrona własności rolniczej w świetle ustawy o kształtowaniu ustroju rolnego

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-68
Author(s):  
Przemysław Litwiniuk
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
The State ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
The Family ◽  
Statutory Protection ◽  
The Republic

The purpose of the deliberations presented in this article is to assess the protection of agricultural property in the light of the Act of 11 April 2003 on shaping the agricultural system, taking into account its amendments of 2016 and 2019. In the author’s opinion, the provisions of this Act that serve the purpose of the protection of agricultural property should be interpreted in the light of the principles derived from Article 23 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and from the perspective of the intentions expressed in the preamble to this Act. However, the instruments contained therein serve mainly to regulate trading in agricultural property and to exercise the powers of the state acting with the help of a trustee in the dominium sphere, acquiring the ownership of agricultural land from private entities. It is therefore concluded that the “family holding” defined in the Act does not correspond in its normative form to the constitutional model, and the statutory protection granted to it is only apparent and ineffective.

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