scholarly journals Biblijne argumenty ad absurdum świadectwem prawdziwości wiary chrześcijańskiej

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-44
Author(s):  
Janusz Nawrot
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Logical Thinking ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Way Of Thinking

Argumentum ad absurdum, as a way of thinking or acting which is pointless from the point of view of rationality and predictability of a human’s action, is intentionally planned in order to justify the uniqueness and thus veracity of the existence of something compared to commonly accepted standards of behaviour. The universality of these standards is questioned by introducing factors that go beyond the patterns of commonly accepted standards. In the Bible, there are also absurd situations from the point of view of human predictability which are directly attributed to God. This absurdity of God’s action, in comparison to the rights guiding pagan religions and the rationally accepted human behaviour strengthens the faith in His existence. Going beyond the area of “normalcy” proves in the strongest way that these facts, which are seemingly at variance with logical thinking, are indeed true. These facts are paradoxically a strong and durable foundation of the Christian faith.

scholarly journals Om Grundtvigs historiesyn

1965 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
William Michelsen
Keyword(s):  
World History ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Eternal Life ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Biblical History ◽  
Historical Writings ◽  
Historical Truth ◽  
To Receive

On Grundtvigs View of History By William Michelsen. What gave rise to this article was the chapter “Verdenshistorie” in dr. Kaj Thaning’s thesis Menneske først—where, in a note, it has been demonstrated that an anecdote about the old Grundtvig, taken from an article by dr. Holger Kjær, has ben inaccurately reproduced in my thesis Tilblivelsen af Grundtvigs historiesyn, p. 43. Sources older than dr. Kjær’s show that on the occasion in question Grundtvig did not speak of world history but of biblical history; dr. Thaning has emphasized the fact that Grundtvig did not use the expression “genfødt” (reborn) but only said that man was destined to receive regeneration and eternal life.— I agree that the latter distinction is essential, from his point of view; from mine it is irrelevant, because both expressions indicate that Grundtvig’s view of history was biblical; the former distinction is relevant, however, inasmuch as the anecdote cannot be used to show that Grundtvig’s view of world history was biblical. But that it was biblical can be attested by many other examples. And since in the periodical Danske Udsyn, 1964, Thaning has made this hypothesis from the introduction to my thesis a direct object of attack, a series of new quotations from Haandbog i Verdens-Historien are adduced in support of it (U S VI, p. 558, 563-64; VII, p. 379-80 and 703). I agree with Thaning that not until 1832 ff. did Grundtvig consider being a man a condition of being a Christian. But I maintain that already in 1810 he protested against any form of “ gnosticism” (U S II, p. 12). The consequences of this protest, however, dawned upon him only very slowly. Accordingly the subtitle of Thaning’s thesis “Grundtvigs opgør med sig selv” (the heart-searchings of Grundtvig) covers the whole body of his work from 1810 onwards. In my opinion it was Luther who directed Grundtvig away from “ gnosticism” by teaching him to regard the Bible as historical truth. Although the demonstrative emphasis on this point recedes into the background in Haandbog i Verdens-Historien (1833 ff.), it is nevertheless unmistakably there. According to my thesis and its sequel (Den sælsomme forvandling i N. F. S. Grundtvigs liv (1956)) there are two quite distinct reasons for this: 1) All writing of history is conditioned by a minimum of belief in the sources used, including the Bible; and Grundtvig knew this. 2) Grundtvig the historian neither can nor will conceal his Christian faith. From a non-theological viewpoint— that of the historian of ideas—Grundtvig can not, as Thaning maintains, be said to “ sækularisere sit historiesyn” (securalize his view of history) after 1832. I assert that Grundtvig’s personal outlook on life makes itself felt also in his secular historical writings. Already in 1813 Grundtvig had begun to work out a philosophical foundation for his reflections on “Menneskets Vilkaar” (the conditions of man) (see Værker i Udvalg II and Nordisk tidskrift (1946)). He published some of his thoughts on the matter in the periodical Danne-Virke 1816-19. Interesting preparatory studies exist among his manuscripts. A confrontation of these thoughts with those of the mature Grundtvig of 1832 ff. has not yet been undertaken.

Remembering From-the-Outside

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher McCarroll
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Philosophical Analysis ◽  
Visual Perspective ◽  
Observer Perspective ◽  
The Status ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Way Of Thinking

This chapter sets out some key issues related to a philosophical analysis of point of view in memory. It does so by looking at examples of psychological, philosophical, and literary accounts of the phenomenon, as well as examples of the author’s own observer perspective memories. The chapter provides an overview of some of the empirical evidence related to visual perspective in memory. Despite these consistent empirical findings, however, a number of doubts and misconceptions about remembering from-the-outside still linger, especially concerning the status of observer perspectives in memory. This chapter outlines some of the skepticism to the possibility of remembering from-the-outside and points to a possible diagnosis of why such skepticism arises. This chapter points to a way of thinking about memory—to be developed through the course of the book—which eases the worries about remembering from-the-outside.

Canons to the Left of Him: Brevard Childs, his Critics, and the Future of Old Testament Theology

1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain Provan
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Biblical Theology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Probable Origin ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

It is well known that the seeds from which the modern discipline of OT theology grew are already found in 17th and 18th century discussion of the relationship between Bible and Church, which tended to drive a wedge between the two, regarding canon in historical rather than theological terms; stressing the difference between what is transient and particular in the Bible and what is universal and of abiding significance; and placing the task of deciding which is which upon the shoulders of the individual reader rather than upon the church. Free investigation of the Bible, unfettered by church tradition and theology, was to be the way ahead. OT theology finds its roots more particularly in the 18th century discussion of the nature of and the relationship between Biblical Theology and Dogmatic Theology, and in particular in Gabler's classic theoreticalstatementof their nature and relationship. The first book which may strictly be called an OT theology appeared in 1796: an historical discussion of the ideas to be found in the OT, with an emphasis on their probable origin and the stages through which Hebrew religious thought had passed, compared and contrasted with the beliefs of other ancient peoples, and evaluated from the point of view of rationalistic religion. Here we find the unreserved acceptance of Gabler's principle that OT theology must in the first instance be a descriptive and historical discipline, freed from dogmatic constraints and resistant to the premature merging of OT and NT — a principle which in the succeeding century was accepted by writers across the whole theological spectrum, including those of orthodox and conservative inclination.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF NARRATION IN NOTES FROM A DEAD HOUSE BY FYODOR DOSTOEVSKY

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-238
Author(s):  
Tamara Batalova
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Fyodor Dostoevsky ◽  
Theatrical Performance ◽  
Essential Idea ◽  
The Dead

Within the framework of Pavel Medvedev’s sociological poetics, the article identifies and studies the features of the narrative in Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Notes from a Dead House, and examines the role of these features in expressing the key idea of this novel, namely the desire of convicts for freedom, for “resurrection from the dead”. From this point of view, the author examines the significance of the narrator’s duality (Goryanchikov and Goryanchikov-Dostoevsky) and the juxtaposition of the characters in the narrative (positive and negative). He also analyzes the compositional function of the XI chapter of the first part of Notes from a Dead House, “Presentation”, in the plot. The Christian faith plays the vital role in the expression of the essential idea of the work. An open-minded attitude to people, a friendly, Christian approach towards them is a distinctive feature of Goryanchikov-Dostoevsky and all the positive characters in the book. Inspired by the celebration of the Nativity of Christ, the convicts staged a theatrical performance, which alters the moral state of both the actors and the audience, fortifies their sense of self-esteem required to resist the prison orders that “deaden” people, and strengthens the prisoners’ desire for freedom, for “resurrection from the dead”. The article concludes that Notes from a Dead House is the beginning of aesthetic and artistic changes that manifested themselves in Dostoevsky’s post-prison works.

scholarly journals E O VERBO FEZ-SE CARNE: A EUCARISTIA ENQUANTO ATO INSTITUINTE DO SER

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Mauro Meireles
Keyword(s):  
Mikhail Bakhtin ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Title Page ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Anthropology Of Religion ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
The One ◽  
Physical Phenomena

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p>A eucaristia é um rito católico que visa reafirmar a fé cristã. O presente texto ocupa-se, portanto, da eucaristia enquanto ato instituinte do ser e busca pensar o referido rito a partir da perspectiva de Mikhail Bakhtin. Desta feita e a partir do enfoque da antropologia, se ancora em certas sínteses na medida em que, a validade daquilo que se pressupõe verdade, do ponto de vista da cognição, não depende do fato desta ser ou não ser conhecida por alguém. Pois, é o homem que une fé e rito, que une verdades da ciência e fenômenos físicos. Desta feita, tem-se então que, quando postulamos a existência de Deus a partir de certos escritos canônicos – e o reafirmamos no rito eucarístico – lhe conferimos existência e tangibilidade. Sobretudo, defende- se no decorrer do texto que a eucaristia, seja enquanto ato instituinte, seja enquanto rito, nada mais é do que uma enunciação de si sobre si que só tem significado, manifesto em seu conteúdo- sentido, se enunciado por aquele que experimenta e executa o ato.</p></div></div><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>P</span><span>ALAVRAS</span><span>-C</span><span>HAVE</span><span>: </span><span>Eucaristia. Rito Eucarístico. Mikhail Bakhtin. Rito e Fé. Antropologia da Religião. </span></p><p><span>A</span><span>BSTRACT </span></p><p><span>Eucharist is a Catholic rite that aims to reaffirm the Christian faith. This paper analyzes the Eucharist rite as instituted act of being and aims think that rite in the Mikhail Bakhtin ́s perspective. So, from an anthropology's approach, it is based in some perspectives that recognize validity in of what is assumed true, in a cognition point of view, depends on whether this is or is not known to anyone. That is because the man is the one who unites faith and rite, truths of science and physical phenomena. Therefore, when we postulate the existence of God from certain canonical writings - and reaffirm the Eucharistic rite, we give him existence and tangibility. Most of all, this text argued that the Eucharist is as instituted act or a rite, is nothing more than a statement of itself that only has meaning, manifest in their content-sense, if enunciated by one who experience and performs the act. </span></p><p><span>K</span><span>EYWORDS</span><span>: </span><span>Eucharist. Eucharistic rite. Mikhail Bakhtin. Ritual and faith. Anthropology of Religion </span></p></div></div></div>

scholarly journals Dead Sea Scrolls dan Reliabilitas Alkitab Dalam Perspektif Injili

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-155
Author(s):  
Suyadi Tjhin
Keyword(s):  
Dead Sea Scrolls ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Archeological Evidence ◽  
The Dead

This article discusses Dead Sea Scrolls and the reliability of the Bible from an evangelical perspective. This review from an evangelical point of view is needed to give perspective to Christian academics, so that they can take a position related to the above mentioned topic. From the results of a study of the Dead Sea Scroll's contribution in relation to the reliability of the Bible, Dead Sea Scroll is indeed a historical and important finding in the field of archeology, especially in connection with the Bible, but it must be realized that not because of archeological evidence that makes the Bible trusted, the Bible can be trusted so there is evidence.

scholarly journals Nietzsche e a Historiografia Prussiana: análise de fragmentos póstumos da Primeira Fase de sua obra

Antíteses ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 979
Author(s):  
Celso Kraemer ◽  
Dominique Santos ◽  
Aniele Crescêncio
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
German States ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
As If

RESUMO Ao observar as relações de Nietzsche com seus contemporâneos verifica-se que ele estava ciente das principais discussões relativas à Unificação da Alemanha (1871). Para a unificação era necessário que os 39 estados alemães compartilhassem o sentimento de pertencimento a uma pátria comum. Nesse meandro, os historiadores prussianos do século XIX desempenharam papel fundamental ao produzir um ambiente filosófico nacionalista, uma maneira científica e objetiva de pensar sobre a história. O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender as interações de Nietzsche com estes círculos intelectuais. Para isto, foram selecionados quatro dos chamados fragmentos póstumos de Nietzsche datados entre 1871 e 1873. De acordo com o ponto de vista de Nietzsche, as pretensões dos historiadores, não tinham nenhuma crítica, pois acreditavam, ingenuamente, que a verdade era um alvo tangível. Por outro lado, ele indicou a necessidade de uma história ligada à cultura, que era trabalhada em conjunto com "instintos artísticos".  ABSTRACT By observing the relationship of Nietzsche with his contemporaries one can notice that he was aware of the main discussions related to the unification of Germany (1871). Unification required 39 German states to share the feeling of belonging to a common homeland. Prussian historians of the nineteenth century played a key role in producing such a nationalist philosophical environment, a scientific and objectivist way of thinking about History. This work aim is to understand the interactions between Nietzsche and this intelectual circles. For this purpose, four of the so-called posthumous Nietzsche fragments, dated between 1871 and 1873, were selected. According to Nietzsche's point of view, some historians had a naive pretension to reach the truth, as if it were a tangible target. On another hand, he pointed out the necessity of a link between History and Culture, which should be understood altogether with ‘artistic instincts’. 

scholarly journals Istiḥsān Dalam Madhhab Shāfi‘ī: Tinjauan Atas Kasus Mustathnayāt Madhhab Shāfi‘ī Perspektif Istiḥsān Madhhab Hanafī

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-478
Author(s):  
Abdul Mun'im Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Legal Decision ◽  
Way Of Thinking

Istiḥsān is a dalīl (source and method) of Islamic law validated by the Hanafi school. Al-Shafi’i strongly rejected istiḥsān (juristic preference) and considered those who practice it as trying to compete with God as the Ultimate Authority and taking a careless decision. However, the istiḥsān way of thinking in the Shafi’i school is not uncommon but is considered valid. In the discipline of al-qawa’id al-fiqhiyah (Islamic legal maxims), the existence of mustathnayat (exceptions) cases with istithna’ (exception) method is showing istihsan method. This research compares mustathnayat/exception cases in qawa’d al-fiqhiyyah in Shafi’i madhhab and istihsan in Hanafi madhhab. The origin of the legal decision of exception in mustahnayat is judged from istihsan’s point of view. This research accepts that mustathnayat cases in Shafi’i madhhab result from thinking methods like istihsan in Hanafi madhhab in all aspects (its reality, method, and purpose).Istiḥsān adalah fasilitas dalīl shar’ī milik madhhab Ḥanafī. Al-Shāfi’ī dengan keras menolak istiḥsān dan melukiskan orang yang mempraktekkannya sebagai menyaingi Tuhan sebagai pemegang otoritas hukum dan mengambil keputusan sembarangan. Akan tetapi di dalam madhhab Shāfi’ī sendiri cara berfikir semacam istiḥsān itu sebenarnya bukan hal yang asing. Dalam disiplin ilmu al-qawā’id al-fiqhīyah, keberadaan kasus-kasus mustathnayāt dengan langkah-langkah istithnā’ menampilkan cara kerja istiḥsān. Penelitian ini mencoba membandingkan kasus-kasus mustathnayāt dalam ilmu al-qawā’id al-fiqhīyah milik madhhab Shāfi’ī dengan istiḥsān milik madhhab Shāfi’ī. Seluk beluk keputusan hukum eksepsi dalam bentuk mustathnayāt itu ditilik dari sudut pandang istiḥsān. Penelitian ini membenarkan bahwa kasus-kasus mustathnayāt madhhab Shāfi’ī adalah hasil dari metode berfikir sebagaimana istiḥsān dalam madhhab Ḥanafī, baik hakikatnya, metodologinya maupun tujuannya.

scholarly journals Biblical studies as a modern humanitarian discipline and its connection with theology

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-527
Author(s):  
Mikhail G. Seleznev ◽  
◽  
Alexander I. Kyrlezhev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Biblical Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Biblical Exegesis ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Current State ◽  
Biblical Scholar ◽  
Church Tradition

A conversation with the famous Russian biblical scholar Mikhail Seleznev is devoted to the modern humanitarian discipline of biblical studies. The conversation examines the origins of this scientific discipline, its formation and development, internal structure, its connection with other humanitarian disciplines, as well as with theology understood as a reflection of believers on the foundations of their faith. Examples of the achievements in biblical studies in the 19th and 20th centuries are provided, which as a result have changed our understanding of the origin of biblical texts and the context in which they were created. The article analyzes the attitude towards scientific study of the Bible in various Christian confessions, in particular, the perception of biblical studies in the Orthodox community and the related problems of modern church consciousness. The current state and the prospects of development of biblical studies in Russia are reported on in the article. The issue of the so-called “intertestamental studies” and its significance for comprehending early Christianity is discussed, as well as that of biblical exegesis from the point of view of its understanding in modern science and church tradition. Bibliographic recommendations are provided for those who wish to begin a more detailed acquaintance with modern biblical studies.

A Driver's Mind

2019 ◽  
pp. 429-454
Author(s):  
Marco Lützenberger
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Infrastructure Management ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
Human Driver ◽  
Psychological Point ◽  
Factors Of Influence ◽  
Traffic Systems ◽  
Behaviour Models ◽  
Traffic Simulations

Over the last decade, traffic simulation frameworks have advanced into an indispensible tool for traffic planning and infrastructure management. For these simulations, sophisticated models are used to “mimic” traffic systems in a lifelike fashion. In most cases, these models focus on a rather technical scope. Human factors, such as drivers' behaviours are either neglected or “estimated” without any proven connection to reality. This chapter presents an analysis of psychological driver models in order to establish such a connection. In order to do so, human driver behaviour is introduced from a psychological point of view, and state-of-the-art conceptualisations are analysed to identify factors that determine human traffic behaviour. These factors are explained in more detail, and their appliances in human behaviour models for traffic simulations are discussed. This chapter does not provide a comprehensive mapping from simulation requirements to particular characteristics of human driver behaviour but clarifies the assembly of human traffic behaviour, identifies relevant factors of influence, and thus, serves as a guideline for the development of human behaviour models for traffic simulations.

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